@ARTICLE{Qureshi_Tahir_A_2011,
 author={Qureshi, Tahir and Syed, Khalid},
 volume={vol. 36},
 number={No 4},
 journal={Archives of Acoustics},
 pages={695-712},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2011},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Committee on Acoustics},
 abstract={Glottal waveform models have long been employed in improving the quality of speech synthesis. This paper presents a new approach for modeling the glottal flow. The model is based on three control volumes that strike a one-mass and two-springs system sequentially and generate a glottal pulse. The first, second and third control volumes represent the opening, closing and closed phases of the vocal folds, respectively. The masses of the three control volumes and the size of the first one are the four parameters that define the shape, pitch and amplitude of the glottal pulse. The model may be viewed as parametric approach governed by second order differential equations rather than analytical functions and is very flexible for designing a glottal pulse. The glottal pulse generated by the present model, when compared with those generated by Rosenberg, LF and mucosal wave propagation models demonstrates that it appropriately represents the opening, closing and closed phases of the vocal fold oscillation. This leads to the validity of our model. Numerical solution of the present model has been found to be very efficient as compared to its analytical solution and two other well-known parametric models Rosenberg++ and LF. The accuracy of the numerical solution has been illustrated with the help of analytical solution. It has been observed that the accuracy improves by increasing the size of the first control volume and may decrease insignificantly with increase in the mass of any of the control volumes. Two experiments with the present model support its successful implementation as a voice source in speech synthesis. Thus our model renders itself as an efficient, accurate and realistic choice as a voice source to be employed in real-time speech production.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={A New Approach to Parametric Modeling of Glottal Flow},
 URL={http://www.journals.pan.pl/Content/104441/PDF/02_paper.pdf},
 doi={10.2478/v10168-011-0047-3},
 keywords={control volumes, spring-mass system, vocal folds, Rosenberg glottal model, LF glottal model},
}