@ARTICLE{Chmielewski_Tadeusz_Estimation,
 author={Chmielewski, Tadeusz and Kaleta, Barbara and Nowak, Henryk},
 volume={Vol. 66},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Archives of Civil Engineering},
 pages={391-405},
 howpublished={online},
 publisher={WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING and COMMITTEE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES},
 abstract={Types of wind storms in Poland and examples of economic damage, threats to human life and health caused by two extreme wind events are presented. Then, a house with the roof blown-off during the derecho wind storm in Poland on August 11-12, 2017, is considered. Based on the rafter framing of the house, i.e. wooden roof structure elements and roof covered, the weight of the roof is calculated. Two cases of the strong connection between rafter plates and knee walls are estimated. With the estimation of connection strength between rafter plates and knee walls, it was possible to calculate the total force required to blow-off the roof of the house. Next, an aerodynamic force acting on the house is calculated using pressure coefficients for a low-rise house with a gable roof. The pressure coefficients were taken from the Tokyo Polytechnic University aerodynamic database. The aerodynamic force acting on the roof blown-off was calculated for a low-rise building with a gable roof for similar ratios for length, width, and height. Three wind directions, for the unknown orientation of the building, were considered, i.e. the wind direction perpendicular, parallel, and oblique to the gable wall. By comparison, the aerodynamic force with the total force required to blow-off the roof of the house, it was possible to calculate the critical wind speed needed for the roof blown-off. This wind speed is much bigger than measured by meteorological stations on the path of the derecho.},
 type={Article},
 title={Estimation of Critical Wind Speed on the Basis of Roof Blow-Off},
 URL={http://www.journals.pan.pl/Content/117471/PDF/22.ACE00018%20do%20druku_B5.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/ace.2020.134404},
 keywords={derecho wind storm, damage to buildings, roof blow-off, aerodynamic coefficients, critical wind speed},
}