This is the first article in the Polish literature dedicated to this topie of increasing interest. Currently, the bill of lading is not regarded as a valuable document by the 200 large st loaders. The speed of transport also means that the bill of lading is useless and has been replaced by maritime cargo letters.
The re remain, however, certain areas of trade in which the bill of lading is a necessary document. Therefore, steps have been taken to computerize its issue and trans/ er. It is uncertain if the Hague and Hague-Visby Rules apply to the electronic bills of lading. The Hamburg Rules pennit an electronic signature on bills of lading, provided that this is not in contradiction with the law of the country in which the bill of lading is issued.
In order to ensure that the use of the electronic bill of lading will not be questioned in international trade, it must be clearly stated in an international convention. In 2000, the CMI presented UNCITRAL with a propos al f or a new convention on maritime cargo transport, with the electronic documentation of transport rules, including electronic bills of lading. Work on this convention is in progress.

The article is about substitute coins issued by Jan Turno in his demesne in Słomowo. The author presents a short history of the Turno family and the short biography of Jan Turno, and then explains the circumstances of the issue of the substitute money from Słomowo in Greater Poland, Oborniki County.