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Abstract

Little is known as to what extent the pandemic lockdown has changed the perceived level of stress and stress- coping strategies. In response to this gap we present the results of quantitative and qualitative studies on stress levels and coping with stress conducted among Polish adults during the COVID-19 lockdown. The first study indicates that the lockdown has changed stress appraisal moderately, and it has also affected stress-coping strategies in various areas. The second study reveals miscellaneous reasons for stress appraisal (health, economic, political, social, freedom restriction, and religious). Participants perceived pandemic and lockdown as a moderate stressor, more as a challenge than a threat. Moreover the avoidant style recognized as the most adaptive reaction on stress in our study, confirms that people have a natural ability to adapt to unpredictable and unexpected situations like COVID-19 lockdown.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marzena Lelek-Kratiuk
1
Monika Szczygieł
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Pedagogical University of Krakow
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Abstract

In a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, a large number of receiving antennas at the base station can simultaneously serve multiple users. Linear detectors can achieve optimal performance but require large dimensional matrix inversion, which requires a large number of arithmetic operations. Several low complexity solutions are reported in the literature. In this work, we have presented an improved two-dimensional double successive projection (I2D-DSP) algorithm for massive MIMO detection. Simulation results show that the proposed detector performs better than the conventional 2D-DSP algorithm at a lower complexity. The performance under channel correlation also improves with the I2D-DSP scheme. We further developed a soft information generation algorithm to reduce the number of magnitude comparisons. The proposed soft symbol generation method uses real domain operation and can reduce almost 90% flops and magnitude comparisons.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sourav Chakraborty
1
Nirmalendu Bikas Sinha
2
Monojit Mitra
3

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Cooch Behar Government Engineering College, Coochbehar,India
  2. Principal, Maharaja Nandakumar Mahavidyalaya, Purba Medinipore, India
  3. Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Engineering, IIEST Shibpur, Howrah, India
Keywords pain headache PSS-10
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Abstract

Chronic pain in the head and face region has a predicted prevalence of 20% in Europe, and is more common in women than men. The etiology of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is multifactorial, and high levels of psychological stress amplify its symptoms. We were interested in how headache reported in RDC/TMD is associated with stress. Individuals with an average age of 18 years were included in the study. They were all volunteer participants in a research project. Clinical evaluation of each subject was performed using the RDC/TMD dual-axis diagnostic system. All participants filled out the PSS-10 ques-tionnaire. A total of 138 individuals participated in the study, of which 107 were female. Headache was reported by 83 participants (59.4%), with females presenting higher scores on the PSS-10; this was statistically significant. A comparison between PSS-10 questionnaire results and headache level shows insignificant differences. However, the higher the stress level in the participant, the higher the headache score. Females are more susceptible to perceived stress, which can have an effect on TMD.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aneta Wieczorek
1
Małgorzata Pihut
1
Jolanta E. Loster
1

  1. Department of Prosthodontics and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

In this contribution an optical method of controlling the state of soft biological tissues in real time, exposed to laser radiation is discussed. The method is based on the assumption that the change dynamics of the amplitude of the scattered diagnostic radiation (λ = 635 nm) is compatible with the change dynamics of the tissue inner structure exposed to the Nd:YAG laser radiation (λ = 1064 nm). In this method the measurement of the tissue temperature is omitted. Exemplary results of the laboratory research on this method and an interpretation of the results are presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Zając
D. Podniesiński
D. Kęcik
M. Kęcik
J. Kasprzak

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