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Use of measurement results from a mobile laboratory in the diagnostics of anthropogenic environment - linear ordering of objects using the TOPSIS method

Elwira Zajusz-Zubek Zygmunt Korban
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2024 | 50 | 2 | 14-20 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2024.150548
Keywords air quality; environmental monitoring; concentration of dust and gaseous pollutants; hazardous substances; ranking of "objects"; TOPSIS method;
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Abstract

The measurements of the concentrations of gaseous and dust pollutants in the anthropogenic environment are an important element of environmental monitoring and for determining directions of preventive activities in the field of health protection. The article presents the results involving the concentrations of suspended dust and gaseous pollutants in the outdoor air, which were recorded at three measuring stations of air quality in the Silesian and Opole voivodeships (Wodzisław Śląski, Zabrze, Kędzierzyn-Koźle). The results were supplemented with the values recorded by the mobile laboratory located at the Center for Continuing Education - Branch of the Silesian University of Technology in Rybnik. The research results were used for a synthetic assessment of the threat level to the anthropogenic environment. In the computational layer, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was employed, which is included in the group of methods for solving multi-criteria decision-making problems (Multi Attribute Decision Making).
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Elwira Zajusz-Zubek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zygmunt Korban
2
  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  2. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, Poland

Grain discoloration in different genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) in Argentina: associated mycobiota and peroxidase activity

Maria Josefina Cipollone Paulina Moya Iván Martínez Mario Saparrat Marina Sisterna
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2020 | vol. 60 | No 1 | 14-20 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2020.132200
Keywords durum wheat grain discoloration mycobiota peroxidase activity
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Abstract

Wheat grain discoloration, a worldwide disease that lowers grain quality and decreases grain yield, does not have a single etiology. It has been proposed that it is a consequence of an abiotic mechanism, a response to environmental conditions or enzymatic activity. It has also been suggest that it is a biotic mechanism, a fungal infection principally by Alternaria spp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana. The present work was carried out to analyze the possible etiology of this disease in nine durum wheat genotypes from two localities of southern Buenos Aires province (Argentina) on two sowing dates. Incidence (percentage of grain discoloration) was recorded and mycobiota associated with this pathology was registered following ISTA rules. Peroxidase activity in an extract obtained from grains belonging to genotypes of the locality that showed the highest incidence was measured.

The incidence among genotypes, localities and sowing dates varied, although the genotypes with the higher and lower values of incidence were the same for all the variables tested. The fungus Alternaria spp. was isolated the most frequently followed by Fusarium spp., while Bipolaris sorokiniana was found the least frequently. Peroxidase activity showed that all the treatments had similar levels of enzymatic activity, but there was no clear differentiation between controls either between genotypes with the lowest or the highest incidence values. This suggests that peroxidase activity did not have a clear relationship with grain discoloration. In this research, it is presumed that fungal infection is the main cause of this disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Josefina Cipollone
Paulina Moya
Iván Martínez
Mario Saparrat
Marina Sisterna

Polycarbonate biodegradation by newly isolated Bacillus strains

Mojgan Arefian Arezoo Tahmourespour Mohammadali Zia
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2020 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 14-20 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.132521
Keywords biodegradation Bacillus cereus amylase lipases Polycarbonate Bacillus megaterium
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Abstract

As polycarbonate is frequently used in many products, its accumulation in landfi lls is absolutely harmful to the environment. The aims of this study were the screening and isolation of polycarbonate-degrading bacteria (PDB) and the assessment of their ability in the degradation of polycarbonate (PC) polymers. Nine-month buried-PC films were used for PDB isolation and identification. The biodegradation ability of the isolates was determined by growth curve, clear zone formation, lipase and amylase production, AFM and FTIR. Bacillus cereus and Bacillus megaterium were identifi ed and considered as PDB. The degradation ability of B. megaterium was significantly higher than that of B. cereus. Both were lipase and amylase positive. AFM and FTIR results showed the initiation of bacterial attachment. The PC biodegradation ability of isolates can be very efficient. Finding such efficient isolates (which was less studied before) will promise a decrease in plastic contamination in the future.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mojgan Arefian
1
Arezoo Tahmourespour
2
Mohammadali Zia
2
  1. Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
  2. Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

Calculation of effective hydraulic parameters of concrete irrigation canals

Alisher Fatxulloyev Qudratjon Rakhimov Davronjon Allayorov Luqmon Samiev Makhsud Otakhonov
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 56 | 14-20 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.143739
Keywords canal bottom relative width concrete canal irrigation canal sediment transport capacity sedimentation tank the best hydraulic section trapezoidal shape
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Abstract

When taking water from pre-mountain rivers, for transferring of large amounts of river sediments, rich in mineral fertilizers, along with water to crop fields through irrigation networks requires high sediment transport capacity and deformation resistance from irrigation networks. The projecting and construction of irrigation canals with these features in the foothills requires concreting the canal. The high content of river sediments in the Sokh River (5 kg∙m –3) and the low efficiency of the Right Bank Irrigation Reservoir (10–15%) require high hydraulic efficiency of water intake canals from this system. The main challenge is to reduce costs in concreted canals and ultimately ensure technical superiority. In the research were used generally accepted research methods in hydraulics, in particular field research and consequently, mathematical analysis. Kokandsay, Kartan and Bachkir irrigation canals were accepted as the object of research, the canals were designed on the basis of the best hydraulic section, the canal side slope was taken as a variable parameter and the technical and economic efficiency was checked using computer software. As a result, it was found that the consumption of concrete raw material for 1 running meter can save 0.2–0.3 m 3, depending on the adoption of the canal side slope, the acceptance of the slope of the canal wall at values 1–1.5 will increase up to sedimentation 10%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alisher Fatxulloyev
1
ORCID: ORCID
Qudratjon Rakhimov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Davronjon Allayorov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Luqmon Samiev
1
ORCID: ORCID
Makhsud Otakhonov
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University, Faculty of Hydromelioration, st. Kori Niyazov 39, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The Effect of Work Hardening on the Structure and Hardness of Hadfield Steel

Damian Bańkowski Piotr S. Młynarczyk Wojciech P. Depczyński Kazimierz Bolanowski
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2024 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 14-20 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2024.149246
Keywords Manganese steel Hardness Modified Hadfield steel Solution heat treatment Computed tomography
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Abstract

The article aims to characterize Hadfield steel by analyzing its chemical composition, mechanical properties, and microstructure. The study focused on the twinning-induced work hardening of the alloy, which led to an increase in its hardness. The experimental data show that the material hardness at the surface improved considerably after solution heat treatment and work hardening, reaching more than 750 HV. By contrast, the hardness of the material core in the supersaturated condition was about 225 HV. The chemical and phase compositions of the material at the surface were compared with those of the core. The microstructural analysis of the steel revealed characteristic decarburization of the surface layer after solution heat treatment. The article also describes the effects of heat treatment on the properties and microstructure of Hadfield steel. The volumetric (qualitative) analysis of the computed tomography (CT) data of Hadfield steel subjected to heavy dynamic loading helped detect internal flaws, assess the material quality, and potentially prevent the structural failure or damage of the element tested.
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Authors and Affiliations

Damian Bańkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr S. Młynarczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech P. Depczyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kazimierz Bolanowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Kielce University of Technology, Poland

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