Poland’s Ratification of International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Fishing Vessel Personnel (STCW-F 1995) is an indication of the country’s recognition of proper safety standards of fishing vessels and their crew. The aim of this ratification is to harmonise Polish training and certification system with the Convention requirements. The Convention entered into force 29 September 2012.

Viola guestphalica Nauenb. and Viola calaminaria (Ging.) Lej. occur in extreme habitats (on sites of very high concentrations of heavy metals in the soil) in Germany, Belgium and Holland. The calamine violets were introduced on the zinc spoil heap in Katowice - Wełnowiec in 1996, 1998 and 2001. The calamine violets were fielded in the form of small clusters (the number of the overhead tillers from ranged 6 to 13). Since then the observations and detailed biometrical measurements were conducted. The investigated taxa were proven to be good accumulators, which accumulate high doses of metals without any symptoms of their toxic effect. The calamine violets are an interesting object of ecological and physiological research. Viola calaminaria and Viola guestphalica do not belong to expansive species and they are not a threat for the native flora, but they are open to extinction due too much interest of allotment's holders, other people and demolition of the investigated zinc spoil heap.

In the present study, the novel quaternary ammonium salt (QAS⁺), 1-methyl-di-octyl-1 phenyl ammonium iodide (QAS₁), was synthesized by complete alkylation reaction. Sodium montmorillonite (Mt) was modified via an ion-exchange reaction with QAS₁⁺. The modified material and quarternary ammonium salt (Mt₁ and QAS₁) were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Removal capacity of hydrophobic organic pollutants such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) from solution media of synthesized organoclay was evaluated. The optimum conditions and batch kinetics of adsorption of 4-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol from aqueous solutions are reported. It was shown that the adsorption capacity decreased in the order 4-NP> 2,4-DNP. The total mass loss during the drying process was 66% and 78%, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters enthalpy (∆H⁰) and entropy (∆S⁰) and the mean free energy (E) for the adsorption of nitrophenol compounds (NCP) were determined.

The article refers to the idea of using the software defined network (SDN) as an effective hardware and software platform enabling the creation and dynamic management of distributed ICT infrastructure supporting the rapid prototyping process. The authors proposed a new layered reference model remote distributed rapid prototyping that allows the development of heterogeneous, open systems of rapid prototyping in a distributed environment. Next, the implementation of this model was presented in which the functioning of the bottom layers of the model is based on the SDN architecture. Laboratory tests were carried out for this implementation which allowed to verify the proposed model in the real environment, as well as determine its potential and possibilities for further development. Thus, the approach described in the paper may contribute to the development and improvement of the efficiency of rapid prototyping processes which individual components are located in remote industrial, research and development units. Thanks to this, it will be possible to better integrate production processes as well as optimize the costs associated with prototyping. The proposed solution is also a response in this regard to the needs of industry 4.0 in the area of creating scalable, controllable and reliable platforms.

The antilock brake system (ABS) was developed, which coordinates actions of auxiliary and working braking systems of a trolleybus. A trolleybus type 321 "Belkommunmash", equipped with the proposed ABS was tested in road conditions. The results of tests confirmed compliance of the trolleybus with requirements of the rules UN EEC No 13. Decrease in slippage of the driving wheels, improved stability, roadability and traffic safety of the trolleybus was noted.

Stem canker and black scurf of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn are important and epidemic diseases in potato-growing regions worldwide, including Iran. In this study, 120 isolates were retrieved from infected stem canker from six potato- growing regions in Iran (Isfahan, Ardebil, Fars, Hamedan, Kurdestan and Kerman). Out of these, 30 isolates were selected as representatives for genetic and virulence analysis. The isolates were analyzed by one sequence analyzes of the ITS-rDNA region, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), as well as virulence studies. Based on sequence analysis of the ITS-rDNA region, all 30 isolates were assigned to the anastomosis group (AG) and all were assigned to AG-3 PT. Cluster analysis using the unweighted pair group method with the arithmetic averages (UPGMA) method for both RAPD and ISSR markers revealed that they were divided into three main groups, with no correlation to geographical regions of the isolates. Pathogenicity tests showed that all isolates were pathogenic on potato cv. Agria; however, virulence variability was observed among the isolates. The grouping based on RAPD analysis and virulence variability was not correlated.

Artificial small water reservoirs existing over peatbogs of Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lakeland have high ecological value. Planktonie rotifer communities of the reservoirs are characterized by high species diversity, presence of rare species as well as high abundance of periphytic and benthic-pcriphytic forms. Low nutrients concentrations of studied reservoirs confirmed low total rotifers density, presence of indicatory species and high ratio of algaevorous to detritivorous species. The analysis of domination structure of planktonie rotifers showed very low stability of their community and high vulnerability for changes of habitat conditions.

The numerical solutions of stress and strain components on the critical plane of tungsten carbide coating were solved based on the critical plane method in three-dimensional coordinate system, and accordingly three strain energy density parameters (Smith-Watson-Topper, Nita-Ogatta-Kuwabara and Chen parameters) were determined to reveal the fretting fatigue characteristics of tungsten carbide coating. In order to predict the fretting fatigue life based on the strain energy density criterion, the expressions between the strain energy density parameter and the fretting fatigue life was obtained experimentally. After the comparison of the three strain energy parameters, it was found that all three parameters could accurately predict the crack initiation position, but only the Smith-Watson-Topper parameters could accurately predict the crack initiation angle. The effects of cyclic load, normal load and friction coefficient on fretting fatigue damage behaviors were discussed by using the Smith-Watson-Topper criterion. The results show that the fretting fatigue life decreases with the increase of cyclic load; an increase in the normal contact load will cause the Smith-Watson-Topper damage parameters more concentrated at the outer edge of the bridge foot; a decrease in the friction coefficient will increase the Smith-Watson-Topper damage parameters in the middle of the contact surface.

The chlorophyll a content was measured at 62 oceanographic stations. At each station samples were collected from eight standard depths between the water surface and 150 m. Integrated values (chlorophyll α mg/m2) are used in the presentation of the results and discussion. The recorded quantities of chlorophyll α were rather high, amounting to as much as 634 mg/m2. The areas with high chlorophyll a content (> 200 mg/m2) were located in the region of the Anvers Island and Brabant Island, on the shelf around Joinville Island and opposite the Antarctic Sound, close to Clarence Island and beyond the regions recommended in the BIOMASS-SIBEX programme to the east and south of the South Orkney Islands. In the acetonie extracts of photosynthetizing pigments large quantities of phytoxanthin were found using the TLC method, what precludes the use of the Lorenzen method for determination of chlorophyll α and its degradation products.