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Abstract

Waste tyres are among the largest and most problematic sources of waste today, due to the large volume produced and their long-lasting decomposition and resistance to water and extreme temperatures. Since 2000 in Europe the EU Landfill Directive has forbidden the disposal of waste tyres in a landfill. Since then waste tyre derived products (TDP), including whole tyres, tyre bales, shreds, chips, and crumb rubber, have been widely used also in civil engineering applications. The baling is nowadays the best way for the product recycling of waste tyres. Waste tyre bales have considerable potential for use in road applications, particularly where their low density, permeability and ease of handling give them an advantage. Road applications include but are not limited to: embankments construction, slope stabilization and repair (landslides), road foundations over soft ground, backfill material for retaining walls and gravity retaining structures (gabion-type). Several case studies, showing the opportunities to use waste tyre bales in road construction, are presented and illustrated in the paper preceded by providing the engineering properties of waste tyre bales, used within the road structures constructed worldwide. The article also describes the first world application of abutment backfill from the tyre bales in a road bridge, realized in Poland.
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Bibliography


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[22] A. Duda, T. Siwowski, “Experimental investigation and first application of lightweight abutment backfill made of used tyre bales”, Proceedings of CEE 2019. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 47: pp. 66–73, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27011-7_9
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksander Duda
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Siwowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture, Al. Powstanców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Abstract

Pollution, climate change and energy security are significant problems. Climate-disrupting fossil fuels are being replaced by clean and non-depletable sources of energy. It requires major changes to energy infrastructures and strong support for promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. Renewable energy is emerging as a driver of inclusive economic growth and reinforcing energy security. Public entities have to promote renewable energy development by implementing cost-effective national support schemes. By acting at national-level, several barriers to public and private investments could be tackled, addressing the lack of coordination between various authorising bodies at national level and stimulatng the administrative capacity to implement energy projects. It should be effective in promoting transparency for investors and others economic operators. In Poland there is a lack of regulatory policies creating incentives for decentralised energy. Market-based support schemes are still needed for small-scale self-consumption system. Currently operating solutions have been shown in the contrast of the ones applied abroad. The development of clean energy technologies depends on many factors. The author identified few most important ones, mainly financial, regulatory issues, social, environmental and characterized them in this work. The article presents the recommendations of regulatory framework and some proposals for energy cluster based policy’s tools, the introduction of which would significantly facilitate the wider renewable energy uses in Poland.

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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Gronkowska
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Abstract

The aim of this article is to present the design procedure for determining modification coefficients of toothed wheels of involutes planetary gear train with internal conjunction of teeth. It is possible to obtain a higher load-carrying capacity which depends also on correction coefficients. For example, we take into consideration a concept of planetary gears in which the teeth can be corrected, which allows better fatigue and contact surface strength. Two cases are considered when the namely zero center distance (without corrections) of the central and satellite wheels is the same or not, in relation to the zero center distance between the satellite and the sun wheel. Geometrical dimensions are described with regard to the technological teeth correction scope, and inequality restriction conditions are determined with respect to the ISO standards recommendations and the literature. The procedure can be applied to any other planetary gears with another kinematic connection of wheels.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Ryś
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Abstract

The article describes early medieval (10th–11th c.) coins from the collection of the Ossolinski National Institute. There are about 400 coins from this period, originate from Poland and other countries. Part of them come from hoards or archaeological excavations carried out on settlements or grave fields, other coins come from the old collections of Ossolineum in Lviv, and some from donations or various purchases. In the Ossolineum there are fragments of six early medieval hoards, containing coins, silver ornaments and fragments of silver clumps.
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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Butent-Stefaniak
1

  1. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, Dział Numizmatyczny, ul. Szewska 37 50-139 Wrocław

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