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Abstract

The maritime conference is defined loosely as an association of ship owners acting on the basis of agreements usually through an organized secretariat that serves a defined maritime route or group of routes under commonly defined conditions of maritime transport. New shipping accords determine not only tariffs, but also routes, delivery services, the types of agreements entered into, and transport capability. Maritime and land carriers and transporters, which until recently, handled the various stages of the transport process, found themselves in direct competition on either the entire transport route or part of it with multimodal carriers. The direction of the communal development of maritime shipping prompted the application of three fundamental regulations: freedom of negotiation; principles for maintaining the confidentiality of agreements the principles of limited freedom in coordinating activities.

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Authors and Affiliations

Iwona Zużewicz-Wiewiórowska
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

During the museum query, which took place on 7 April 2016 in the Museum of Archaeology in Wroclaw an unknown parcel of the Grodziec hoard (district of Złotoryja) was revealed. This hoard was found in 1967. Two years later, it was published as a complex containing 492 coins: Polish, Bohemian and German groschen and half-groschen as well as two Gdansk shillings. Tpq was established as 1501. A parcel containing 173 Prague groschen had been completely left out of that publication. It contains coins of Charles IV, Wenceslas IV and Vladislaus II. The hoard dating had to be indistinctly altered (tpq 1502) and the quantitative composition of individual denominations turned out to be completely different. In the appendix the coins from the first part of the hoard are described, which were omitted or incorrectly described by M. Haisig. Especially interesting is the very rare groschen of the county of Henneberg.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Milejski
ORCID: ORCID

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