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Number of results: 7
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Abstract

The electric power sector is analyzed from the standpoint of well-being and a number of political priorities are considered that go beyond the traditional tasks of the so-called “energy trilemma”, namely reliable, affordable and carbon-free energy. This shows the importance of solving the problem at different levels as it can help the Government of Kazakhstan more reliably achieve synergy between actions to combat climate change and other priorities and, consequently, achieve double harmonization. The purpose of the study is to consider the cost and pricing surveys in the conditions of the functioning of the electricity market of Kazakhstan. Electricity is of key importance for human well-being. Electricity is highly necessary for many basic services, infrastructure and economic activities. Despite the increase in energy efficiency, the global electricity demand increased by 115% between 1990 and 2020, which is significantly higher than the population growth rate over the same period. This trend will undoubtedly continue conditioned upon economic growth, increased access and the electrification of end users. The assessment of electricity generation technologies from the point of view of well-being requires the use of the full cost method, which includes all applicable external costs, risks and benefits to determine the low-carbon energy balance, which in the Republic of Kazakhstan, is compatible with sustainable development. This assessment clearly needs to go beyond the plant level to consider the network infrastructure and demand to get a holistic view of the social costs of electricity. The practical significance lies in the analysis of cost and pricing in the conditions of the functioning of the electricity market of Kazakhstan.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kuralay Sadykova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Almas Zhakupov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Timur Baymukhanov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Railash Turchekenova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aliya Medebaeva
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Management, Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Kazakhstan
  2. Institute of Heat Power Engineering and Heat Engineering, Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications named after Gumarbek Daukeev, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Abstract

In this study, two species belonging to the genus Allium and distributed in Turkey are investigated. A thick cuticle is observed on the epidermis of the scapes of the species. The epicuticular layer is not evident in Allium scorodoprasum ssp. rotundum (L.) Stearn. Secretory cavities have been formed in the pith region of the species. Vascular bundles are in the form of two rings, one above and one below the sclerenchymatic ring. The cross- section of the leaf of Allium brevicaule Boiss. & Balansa is circular, unlike A. scorodoprasum ssp. rotundum. In both species, the stomata are located lower than the epidermis cells. The seeds of A. brevicaule are smaller than in A. scorodoprasum ssp. rotundum and they are polygonal shaped. The testa cells of A. brevicaule seeds have scalariform and tuberculate ornamentation. A. scorodoprasum seeds have reticulate sculpture testa. The species have sulcate pollen types. The pollen form of A. brevicaule is perprolate, and that of A. scorodoprasum ssp. rotundum is subprolate. The apertures in both species are monosulcus. In A. brevicaule, the sulcus does not extend to the poles at the proximal end. Therefore, the differences in the scape and leaf anatomy, as well as in palynology and micromorphology, can be used to distinguish Allium species.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sibel Ulcay
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Turkey
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Abstract

Environmental problems are considered a serious situation in modern construction. Reusing and recycling glass wastes is the only method to decrease waste produced. There is growing environmental compression to decrease glass waste and to reprocess as much as possible. In this investigational work, the effect of partially substituting crushed waste glass in concrete is considered. The study investigates crushed waste glass used as a partial replacement of fine aggregate for new concrete. recycled glass waste was partially replaced as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30, 35, 40%, 45%, 45% and 50% and tested at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing at 20◦ for mechanical properties and compared with those of controlled mix. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural forces and static elasticity modulus of specimens with 20% waste glass content was 30%, 19.41%, 9.13% and 10.12%, respectively, which is higher than the controlled mix at 28 days. The outcomes displayed that the maximum rise in strength of concrete occurred when 20% replacement with glass crush. It is found that crushed waste glass can be used as fine aggregate replacement material in concrete production.
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Bibliography

[1] S.S.C Alharishawi, H.Abd, and S.Abass, “Employment of recycled wood waste in lightweight concrete production”, Archives of Civil Engineering, vol. 4, no. 20, 2020, DOI: 10.24425/ace.2020.135244.
[2] A.M. Al-hafiz, S.S. Chiad and M.S. Farhan, “Flexural strength of reinforced concrete one-way opened slabs with and without strengthening”, Australian, Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 642–651, 2013.
[3] S.M. Omaran et al., “Integrating BIM and game engine for simulation interactive life cycle analysis visualization”, Computing in Civil Engineering, Visualization, Information Modeling, and Simulation. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 120–128, 2019.
[4] S.S. Chiad, “Shear stresses of hollow concrete beams”, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 2880–2889, 2013.
[5] I.B. Topçu and M. Canbaz, “Properties of concrete containing waste glass”, Cement and Concrete Research Journal, vol. 34, pp. 267–274, 2004.
[6] S.C.Kou and C.S. Poon, “Properties of self-compacting concrete prepared with recycled glass aggregate”, Cement and Concrete Composites Journal, vol. 31, pp. 107–113, 2009.
[7] L.M. Federico and S.E. Chidiac, “Waste glass as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete -critical review of treatment methods”, Cement & Concrete Composites, vol. 31, pp. 606–610, 2009.
[8] S.M. Palmquist, “Compressive behavior of concrete with recycled aggregates”, Doctoral dissertation, Tufts University, 2003.
[9] B. Karamanoglu, “Properties of mortar containing waste glass and limestone filler”, MS thesis, Gazimagusa, North Cyprus, 2007.
[10] B. Karamanoglu and Ö. Eren, “Properties of mortar containing waste glass and limestone filler”, 8th International Congress on advances in civil engineering, Gazimagusa, North Cyprus, pp. 171–180, 2008.
[11] N. Schwarz, H. Cam, and N. Neithalath, “Influence of a fine glass powder on the durability characteristics of concrete and its comparison to fly ash”, Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 486–496, 2008.
[12] A. Tagnit-Hamou et al., “Novel ultra-high-performance glass concrete”, Journal of ACI Concrete International, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 53–59, 2008.
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[14] A. Tagnit-Hamou and A. Bengougam, “The use of glass powder as supplementary cementitious material”, Concrete International, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 56–61, 2012.
[15] A. Hussein, A. Yahia, and A. Tagnit-Hamou, “Statistical modeling of the effect of glass powder on concrete mechanical and transport properties”, ACI Materials Journal, p. 226, 2012.
[16] A. Niang, N. Roy, and A. Tagnit-Hamou, “Structural behavior of concrete incorporating glass powder used in reinforced concrete column”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Special Issue (Sustainable Building Structures B4014007), p. 141, 2012.
[17] A. Niang, N. Roy, and A. Tagnit-Hamou, “Reinforced concrete columns incorporating glass powder under concentric axial loading”, FIB Symposium, Tel-Aviv, Israel, April 2013. [18] A. Tagnit-Hamou et al., “Novel ultra-high-performance glass concrete”, Journal of ACI Concrete International, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 53–59, 2012.
[19] M. Mageswari and B. Vidivelli, “The use of sheet glass powder as fine aggregate replacement in concrete”, The Open Civil Engineering Journal, vol. 4, pp. 65–71, 2012.
[20] A. Sharma and A. Sangamnerkar, “Glass powder – A partial replacement for cement”, International Journal of Core Engineering and Management (IJCEM), Acropolis Institute of Technology and Research, Indore (MP), India, vol. 1, 2015.
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[22] S.M. Hama and M.T. Nawar, “Beneficial role of glass wastes in concrete – a review”, Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development, vol. 22 (02 Part-5), pp.136–144, 2018. [23] A.A. Aliabdo, M. Abd Elmoaty, and A.Y. Aboshama, “Utilization of waste glass powder in the production of cement and concrete”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 124, pp. 866–877, 2016.
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[25] A. Omran and A. Tagnit-Hamou, “Performance of glass-powder concrete in field applications”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 109, pp. 84–95, 2016.

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Authors and Affiliations

Salam Salman Chiad Alharishawi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nagham Rajaa
2
ORCID: ORCID
Aqeel Raheem Jabur
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Mustansiriyah University, College of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Baghdad, Iraq
  2. Mustansiriyah University, College of Engineering, Highway and Transportation Engineering Department, Baghdad, Iraq
  3. Mustansiriyah University, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Baghdad, Iraq
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Abstract

Mineral deposits are such type of assets, the valuation of which can be carried out in a very diverse manner. Methods and procedures for such a valuation are most often applied to mineral deposits with mineral reserves (according to the CRIRSCO classification), much less frequently and usually only using a comparative approach for undeveloped, initially recognized mineral deposits (with mineral resources).

In Poland, a significant portion of mineral deposits, mainly of energy, metal and chemical minerals, are covered by the so-called mining property of the Treasury. At the moment, there is a lack of consistent and thoughtful management of these deposits. The appropriate methodology for valuing these deposits, which are at various stages of recognition (sometimes also of development), should be one of the key elements of such management. The State Treasury usually disposes of mining rights by “establishing” mining usufruct in the form of a contract, with the determination of remuneration for this establishment. The rules for determining remuneration for the establishment of mining usufruct are determined on the basis of an internal informal document of the Ministry of the Environment with very simplified rules for determining this remuneration, to a very limited extent related to the actual value of the deposit, which is also variable over time. This fee should be in close relation to the value of the mineral deposit valued at a given moment, taking the current conditions, including technological, environmental, formal and legal, and – in particular – market conditions into account. The valuation of mineral deposits covered by mining property, except for current needs in determining the basis for remuneration for mining usufruct establishing, should also be used to determine the value of these deposits annually as part of the State Treasury property and to present its results as part of the State Treasury Property Status Report.

It is an open matter whether the methodology of valuation of the discussed mineral deposits should be based on accepted and widely used solutions for the valuation of mineral deposits for the purposes of business transactions or based on methodology of valuation of deposits as part of the planned system of Integrated Environmental and Economic National Account (up to date poorly developed). The paper presents the most important elements of both methodological approaches. It seems that the use of selected elements of each of these approaches would be advisable in this case.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Galos
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Abstract

In this article, the contribution of renewable energy sources (RES) to the worldwide electricity production was analyzed. The scale of development and the importance of RES in the global economy as well as the issues and challenges related to variability of these sources were studied. In addition, the chemical conversion of excess energy to renewable methanol has been presented. The European Union regulations and targets for the years 2020 and 2030 concerning greenhouse gases reduction were taken into consideration. These EU restrictions exact the further development of renewable energy sources, in particular, the improvement of their efficiency which is closely related to economics. Moreover, as a part of this work, energy storage were described as one of the ways to increase the competitiveness of renewable energy sources with respect to conventional energy. A method for the conversion of carbon dioxide separated from high-carbon industries with hydrogen obtained by the over-production of green energy were described. The use of methanol in the chemical industry and global market have been reviewed and thus an increasing demand was observed. Additionally, the application of renewable methanol as fuels, in pure form and after a conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether and fatty acid methyl esters has been discussed. Hence, the necessity of modifying car engines in order to use pure methanol and its combination with petrol also was analyzed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Szymon Dobras
Lucyna Więcław-Solny
Tadeusz Chwoła
Aleksander Krótki
Andrzej Wilk
Adam Tatarczuk
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Abstract

Thermodynamic assessment of the phase stability of the solid solutions of superionic alloys of the Ag3SBr1-xClx(I) system in the concentration range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 and temperature range 370–395 K was performed. Partial functions of silver in the alloys of solid solution were used as the thermodynamic parameters. The values of partial thermodynamic functions were obtained with the use of the electromotive force method. Potential-forming processes were performed in electrochemical cells. Linear dependence of the electromotive force of cells on temperature was used to calculate the partial thermodynamic functions of silver in the alloys. The serpentine-like shape of the thermodynamic functions in the concentration range 0–4 is an evidence of the metastable state of solid solution. The equilibrium phase state of the alloys is predicted to feature the formation of the intermediate phase Ag3SBr0.76Cl0.24, and the solubility gap of the solid solution ranges of Ag3SBr0.76Cl0.24and Ag3SBr.

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Authors and Affiliations

M.V. Moroz
M.V. Prokhorenko
S.V. Prokhorenko
O.V. Reshetnyak
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Abstract

Between 1979 and 2007, various sampling projects from the Polish Arctowski Research Station in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica, collected a diverse assemblage of pycnogonids, inter alia . Examination of this material has revealed 24 species in 11 genera and six families: all of this material is described. Samples were from poorly− sorted fine−sand to coarse−silt substrata, at depths between 27 and 405 m. The diverse assemblage was of species consistent with the known pycnogonid fauna of these depths in the South Shetlands and the Palmer Archipelago region, and includes a number of species re− corded for only the second time since the types. As typical for Antarctic waters, the predominant and most diverse genus was Nymphon (nine species); the prevalent species was Nymphon eltaninae , not Nymphon australe : implications for the apparent wide−distribution of records of the latter species are discussed. These records increase the biogeographical range of Nymphon subtile and Nymphon punctum from Subantarctic waters to the Scotia Sea
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Authors and Affiliations

Roger N. Bamber

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