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Impact of tool magnetization on changes in the surface layer of forging tools

M. Zwierzchowski

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 1 | 317-324 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.126254

Keywords hot die forging wear mechanism magnetic field durability

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Abstract

The paper presents a description of the phenomena occurring on the surface of the forging dies. A detailed analysis was made of 24 pre-forging dies due to the most intensive wear in this operation. To compare the results, new tools were also analysed. The research described in the study showed that the most dangerous factor for the hot forging process analysed is thermal-mechanical fatigue, which causes small cracks, which in turn quickly leads to the formation of a crack network on the entire contact surface of the tool with forged material. The second phenomenon is the tempering of the surface of the material for a long-term temperature effect. The presence of hard iron oxides in the form of scale from forging material is the accompanying phenomenon that intensifies the processes of tool wear. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the presence of residual magnetic field for forging tools and the results of laboratory tests of wear processes of tool steels for hot work in the presence of a magnetic field and in the presence of scale.

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M. Zwierzchowski

A Symmetric Approach in the Three-Dimensional Digital Waveguide Modeling of the Vocal Tract

Tahir Mushtaq Ahmad Kamran Muhammad Zubair Akbar Qureshi Zafar Iqbal

Archives of Acoustics | 2023 | vol. 48 | No 3 | 317-324 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2023.146641

Keywords symmetric digital waveguide vocal tract delay lines rectilinear uniform grid

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Abstract

Simulation of wave propagation in the three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the vocal tract has shown significant promise for enhancing the accuracy of speech production. Recent 3D waveguide models of the vocal tract have been designed for better accuracy but require a lot of computational tasks. A high computational cost in these models leads to novel work in reducing the computational cost while retaining accuracy and performance. In the current work, we divide the geometry of the vocal tract into four equal symmetric parts with the introduction of two axial perpendicular planes, and the simulation is performed on only one part. A novel strategy is defined to implement symmetric conditions in the mesh. The complete standard 3D digital waveguide model is assumed as a benchmark model. The proposed model is compared with the benchmark model in terms of formant frequencies and efficiency. For the demonstration, the vowels /O/, /i/, /E/, /A/, and /u/ have been selected for the simulations. According to the results, the benchmark and current models are nearly identical in terms of frequency profiles and formant frequencies. Still the current model is three times more effective than the benchmark model.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tahir Mushtaq

Ahmad Kamran

Muhammad Zubair Akbar Qureshi

Zafar Iqbal

Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
Department of Mathematics, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Mathematics, Government Graduate College of Science, Multan, Pakistan

Mechanical Behavior of Nitrocarburised Austenitic Steel Coated with N-DLC by Means of DC and Pulsed Glow Discharge

T. Borowski K. Kulikowski M. Spychalski K. Rożniatowski B. Rajchel B. Adamczyk-Cieślak T. Wierzchoń

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 317-324 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137761

Keywords DLC nitrocarburizing surface engineering hardness adhesion wear

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Abstract

AISI 316L steel was subjected to nitrocarburizing under glow discharge conditions, which was followed by DLC (diamond-like carbon) coatings deposition using the same device. The coatings were applied under conditions of direct current and pulsed glow discharge. In order to determine the influence of the produced nitrocarbon austenite layer and the type of discharge on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings, the following features were analysed: surface roughness, coating thickness, structure, chemical composition, adhesion and resistance to frictional wear. For comparison purposes, DLC coatings were also deposited on steel without a nitrocarburised layer. The obtained results indicate a significant influence of the type of glow discharge on the roughness, hardness, nitrogen content and of the nitrocarburised layer on the resistance to wear by friction and adhesion of the produced coatings.

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Borowski

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K. Kulikowski

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M. Spychalski

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K. Rożniatowski

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B. Rajchel

B. Adamczyk-Cieślak

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T. Wierzchoń

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Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, 141 Wołoska Str., 02-507 Warszawa, Poland
Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Poland

Plasma interleukin-1α and interleukin-8 in female dogs with non-metastatic and metastatic malignant mammary gland tumours

M. Szczubiał W. Łopuszyński R. Dąbrowski M. Bochniarz P. Brodzki

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 2 | 317-324 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.141817

Keywords IL-1α IL-8 canine mammary tumours plasma metastases

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Abstract

In this study plasma concentrations of IL-1α and IL-8 in 29 female dogs with malignant mammary gland tumours (19 without metastasis and 10 with metastasis) and in 10 healthy control animals were determined. Concentrations of IL-1α and IL-8 were analysed using a specific canine ELISA assay. Mean plasma concentrations of IL-1α and IL-8 were significantly higher (p<0.05) in female dogs with both non-metastatic and metastatic malignant tumours compared to the healthy animals. The concentrations of both tested cytokines were significantly increased (p<0.05) in the dogs with metastasis. In female dogs with mammary carcinomas, the plasma concentration of IL-1α was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the animals with grade 3 tumours compared to the dogs with grade 1 tumours. The concentration of IL-8 was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the dogs with grade 3 tumours compared to that found in the animals with grade 1 and grade 2 tumours. A moderate correlation (r=0.433) was found between IL-1α and IL-8 concentrations in the female dogs. These findings suggest that increased malignancy and invasiveness of canine mammary tumours is associated with an increased production of IL-1α and IL-8 in the tumour microenvironment, which, in turn, leads to an increase in their circulating levels. This may indicate that circulating levels of the cytokines investigated could be considered as diagnostic and prognostic markers in canine malignant mammary tumours. However, further studies in this fields are needed.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Szczubiał

W. Łopuszyński

R. Dąbrowski

M. Bochniarz

P. Brodzki

Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland

Dispersion of fluorescent dye in the nematic liquid crystal: Enhanced photoluminescence and high birefringence

G. Pathak K. Agrahari A. Roy A. Srivastava O. Strzezysz K. Garbat R. Manohar

Opto-Electronics Review | 2018 | vol. 26 | No 4 | 317-324

Keywords Nematic liquid crystal Fluorescent dye Photoluminescence Birefringence Dielectric anisotropy

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Abstract

In the present investigation optical, electro-optical and dielectric properties have been measured for nematic liquid crystal (NLC) material 1550C which consists of 4’-(trans, trans-4-alkylbicyclohexyl) carbonates and 4’-(4-(trans,trans-4-alkyl)-4-cyanobicyclohexane, dispersed with fluorescent dye (Benzo 2,1,3 Thiadiazole) in two different concentrations. Photoluminescence has been enhanced for a dye dispersed system which is the key finding of this investigation. UV absorbance study has also been performed and found to be increased for composite system. Enhanced birefringence after dispersion of dye into pure NLC is also a prominent result of this investigation. Relative permittivity, threshold voltage and dielectric anisotropy have also been measured and found to be increased. The outcome of the present work may be very useful in the construction of liquid crystal displays (LCDs).

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Authors and Affiliations

G. Pathak

K. Agrahari

A. Roy

A. Srivastava

O. Strzezysz

K. Garbat

R. Manohar

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Impact of tool magnetization on changes in the surface layer of forging tools

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

A Symmetric Approach in the Three-Dimensional Digital Waveguide Modeling of the Vocal Tract

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Mechanical Behavior of Nitrocarburised Austenitic Steel Coated with N-DLC by Means of DC and Pulsed Glow Discharge

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Plasma interleukin-1α and interleukin-8 in female dogs with non-metastatic and metastatic malignant mammary gland tumours

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

Dispersion of fluorescent dye in the nematic liquid crystal: Enhanced photoluminescence and high birefringence

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations