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Number of results: 7
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Abstract

The present article takes up one of the needs present in today’s Cognitive Linguistics: applying its theoretical assumptions to a detailed study of the phenomena encountered in particular languages. The instrument tested for this purpose is one of the aspects of construal offered within Cognitive Grammar – scope (Langacker 1987, 2000, 2008, etc.). It is applied to the description of several English temporal constructions in order to check both the range of phenomena which it can refer to as well as the efficiency and accuracy of such an account.

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Grzegorz Drożdż
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Abstract

The aim of this article is to investigate the usage of a selected denominal adjective in English, namely the lexeme managerial. The data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) are employed to examine the occurrence of managerial as a qualitative adjective, a thematic relational adjective and a non-thematic (i.e. classifi catory) relational adjective. The question is considered whether relational adjectives can be treated as argument-saturating satellites of deverbal nouns.

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Bożena Cetnarowska
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Abstract

Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) is used as functional food and its nutritional and therapeutic properties are related to the high levels of organic and fatty acids, polyphenols, polysaccharides and cyclo-dopa amides. This study presents a strategy based on liquid chromatography – high resolution accurate mass spectrometry method (LC – HRAMS) and bioinformatic methods to analyze 33 purslane accessions originating from 11 floristic regions in Bulgaria together with 5 accessions of Greek provenance. Extracts were obtained by microwave extraction. Based on the LC-MS metabolic “fingerprints” of assayed samples, a purslane metabolic database was developed. LC-MS data were proceeded with Software application Compound Discover 2.0 (Thermo Fischer Sci., USA). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) combined with both descriptive and differential analyses were used to find marker metabolites to distinguish different geographical regions. The differential analysis of the Bulgarian and Greek samples allowed the identification of 50 marker metabolites. Based on accurate masses, retention times, fragmentation patterns in MS/MS, comparison with commercial standards and literature data, these secondary metabolites were identified after detailed analysis of Volcano-plots. For the first time, 29 compounds are reported. The identified compounds were used to perform a study of the biosynthetic pathways of purslane secondary metabolites using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) software platform. The statistical treatments identified marker compounds that can be used to distinguish the origin of accession set. Combining LC-MS data with multivariate statistical analysis was shown to be effective in studying the purslane metabolites, allowing for integration of chemistry with geographic origin.

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Authors and Affiliations

Vessela Balabanova
Iassen Hristov
Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova
Paulina Sugareva
Valentin Lozanov
Reneta Gevrenova
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Abstract

Salt stress is one of the main factors disturbing the physiology of organisms, including epigeic lichens inhabiting roadsides, due to de-icing salts used in winter seasons. The aim of the research was to study the effect of acute salt stress in various doses on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of chlorolichens, i.e., Cladonia furcata, C. mitis, Diposchistes muscorum, and cyanolichens, i.e., Peltigera didactyla, and P. rufescens, which naturally grow inland in the vicinity of roads. We also aimed to study changes in the photosynthetic efficiency of lichens over time and their responses to rainfall simulations in the days following exposure to salt stress to test whether liquid water supply improves photosynthetic efficiency. Salt stress led to a reduction of it in cyanolichens in most experimental groups, while in chlorolichens only treatment with 2.9-3.9M NaCl solutions significantly decreased FV/FM. Exposure to acute salt stress significantly affected fluorescence transient curves in all studied species. With respect to chlorolichens, a marked decrease of FM was observed and the flattened shape of the transient curves after treatment with the highest salt doses was the most apparent. Significantly greater disturbances were observed in cyanolichens in which the induction curve lost its sigmoid characteristics after treatment with solutions with a concentration greater than 0.35M. Furthermore, in all lichen species, increased values of ABS/RC and DI 0/RC and decreases in PI ABS, ET 0/RC and TR0/RC as well as quantum yields and efficiencies were observed. Simulated rainfall resulted in a significant increase in the photosynthetic efficiency of chlorolichens to a level corresponding to healthy lichens almost throughout the duration of the whole experiment. On the contrary, in the case of cyanolichens, significant increases in FV/FM after water treatment were found only after exposure to low salt doses and, at the latest, 24 h after the stress. Although many cyanobacteria developed adaptations to survive in highly saline environments, cyanobionts present in inland lichen species seem to be highly susceptible to salt stress. We concluded that the time when rainfall occurs after exposure to salt stress is a crucial factor affecting the potential regeneration of PSII efficiency. Regeneration after rainfall is an important aspect for epigeic lichens occurring near roadsides, where, during the winter season, they are exposed to de-icing salt for a long time, and rainfall may partially compensate for their disturbances and increase their photosynthetic efficiency, enhancing the possibility of survival.
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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Chowaniec
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jakub Styburski
1
Kaja Rola
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

General meteorological conditions in the Admiralty Bay in 1978 did not deviate from those of many years. The data for 1978 were used to analyse the co-occurrence of four most perceptible meteorological parameters: temperature, air humidity, wind speed and precipitation. In summer these elements occurred simultaneously only in 1 — 2 intervals of values, in winter their occurrence within individual intervals was less numerous, but covered more of them.

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Jolanta Kratke
Danuta Wielbińska
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Abstract

Vehicle parameters have a significant impact on handling, stability, and rollover propensity. This study demonstrates two methods that estimate the inertia values of a ground vehicle in real-time.

Through the use of the Generalized Polynomial Chaos (gPC) technique for propagating the uncertainties, the uncertain vehicle model outputs a probability density function for each of the variables. These probability density functions (PDFs) can be used to estimate the values of the parameters through several statistical methods. The method used here is the Maximum A-Posteriori (MAP) estimate. The MAP estimate maximizes the distribution of P(β|z) where β is the vector of the PDFs of the parameters and z is the measurable sensor comparison.

An alternative method is the application of an adaptive filtering method. The Kalman Filter is an example of an adaptive filter. This method, when blended with the gPC theory is capable at each time step of updating the PDFs of the parameter distributions. These PDF’s have their median values shifted by the filter to approximate the actual values.

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Jeremy Kolansky
Corina Sandu
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Abstract

This new edition of the code has been prepared by the Commission for Research Integrity and approved by the General Assemby of the Polish Academy of Sciences in June 2020. Good research practices are presented in the context of data management; research environment; training, supervision and mentorship; research procedures; safeguards; collaborative working; publication; reviewing and evaluation; conflict of interest (CoI). It is now recommended that each scientist file an annual declaration of CoI while the possible need for its addressing will be determined by the leaders of academic/scientific institutions. Violations of research integrity are briefly presented as well as dealing with those violations as well as with allegations of misconduct.

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Authors and Affiliations

Komisja do Spraw Etyki w Nauce

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