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Abstract

Fine particulate matter ( PM) air pollution is one of the main environmental health problems in developed countries. According to modeling estimates the PM,, concentrations in Poland arc among the highest in Europe. In this article we focus on exposure assessment and estimation of adverse health effects due to PM, air pollution. This art i ck consists of two parts. The first part, we discuss the main methods used to estimate emission-exposure relationships and adverse health effects due to PM, air pollution. In the second part, we present an assessment framwork for Poland. We illustrate this framework by estimating the premature deaths and change in life expectancy in Poland caused by anthropogenic. primary PM,, emissions from different European countries, and, in proportion. the premature deaths in different European countries caused by primary PM,, emissions from Poland. The PM,, emissions were evaluated using the inventory of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP). The emission-exposure relationships were based on the previously published study and the exposure-response functions for PM,, air pollution were estimated in expert elicitation study performed lor six European experts on air pollution health effects. Based on the assessment. the anthropogenic primary PM, from the whole or Europe is estimated to cause several thousands of premature deaths in Poland, annually. These premature deaths arc both due to PM, emissions from Poland and transportation of PM,, from other European countries. both of these in almost equal parts. The framework presented in this article will be developed in the near future to a full scale integrated assessment. that takes into account both gaseous and PM air pollution.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marko Tainio
Jaakko Kukkonen
Zbigniew Nahorski
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Abstract

Macrozooplankton was collected at 63 stations by means of a Bongo sampler in the layer from the surface to a depth of 200 m. Wet formalin volume of siphonophors, polychaetes, pteropods, copepods, amphipods, euphausiids, chaetognaths, salps, and the remaining animals was determined; the distribution of major species was presented. Low diversity in macrozooplankton composition was observed in the study area. As far as biomass was concerned, salps predominated in the whole area; they occurred in exceptionally large quantities Large amounts of krill were also observed in some areas. Besides salps and krill, other euphausiids had the greatest share in the zooplankton; they were more abundant than copepods. Macrozooplankton biomass without salps and krill was low when compared with the values known from literature.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Witek
Wojciech Kittel
Henryk Czykieta
Maria I. Żmijewska
Ewa Presler
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Abstract

Sport, a szczególnie piłka nożna postrzegane są jako domena typowo męska, zarówno w kontekście zawodników, jak i kibiców. Poniższy artykuł dotyczy procesów kształtowania narracji o męskości w środowisku kibiców piłkarskich. Ma on na celu wyjście poza stwierdzenie, że świat kibiców to męski świat. Analiza zawarta w tekście dotyczy tego, jak męski charakter kibicowania jest kształtowany i podtrzymywany. Z tego powodu celem niniejszego studium jest próba odpowiedzi na następujące pytania badawcze: (a) za pomocą jakich kategorii kibice opisują znaczenie męskości i relacji między mężczyznami – kibicami?; (b) w jaki sposób degradują męską tożsamość innych kibiców? Analiza narracji o męskości pozwala wyodrębnić najważniejsze kategorie męskości dominujące w tym środowisku, które związane są z manifestowaniem męskości poprzez braterskie więzi, jak również poprzez feminizację innych mężczyzn. Akceptowalną formą męskich więzi jest „braterstwo”, którego granice kształtowane są przez wykluczanie z tej sfery kobiet oraz feminizowanie mężczyzn, którzy nie pasują do obrazu „prawdziwie” męskiego kibica.

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Authors and Affiliations

Honorata Jakubowska
Dominik Antonowicz
ORCID: ORCID
Radosław Kossakowski
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Abstract

This text is an attempt to analyse the ways of existence of heroes “living differently” – ghosts, phantoms, those invisible in the works of Elena Dolgopyat. In her works, the line between life and death becomes blurred: a hero who rose from the grave may turn out to be more alive than a man who did not die but exists in a sense of nonsense. He may also not notice his own death. The impure force functions in the world and is presented on a par with living characters, which is a characteristic feature of magical realism. The writer presents the non‑living, drawing on Slavic folklore tradition, as I try to show. I also juxtapose Dolgopyat’s stories with Alexander Etkind’s research on memory and trauma in Russian culture, considering them to be their exemplification.
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Authors and Affiliations

Urszula Trojanowska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie

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