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The Precipitation Hardening of Continuous Ingots of AlSi2Mn and AlCu4MgSi Alloys

T. Wróbel P.M. Nuckowski P. Jurczyk

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2018 | vol.18 | No 2 | DOI: 10.24425/122525

Keywords aluminum precipitation hardening continuous casting silicon cooper

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Abstract

The paper presents the research results of the influence of the precipitation hardening on hardness and microstructure of selected Al-Si and Al-Cu alloys obtained as 30 mm ingots in a horizontal continuous casting process. The ingots were heat treated in process of precipitation hardening i.e. supersaturation with subsequent accelerated or natural ageing. Moreover in the range of the study it has been carried out investigations of chemical constitution, microscopic metallographic with use of scanning electron microscope with EDS analysis system, and hardness measurements using the Brinell method. On basis of obtained results it has been concluded that the chemical constitution of the investigated alloys enables to classify them into Al alloys for the plastic deformation as EN AW-AlSi2Mn (alternatively cast alloy EN AC-AlSi2MgTi) and as EN AW-AlCu4MgSi (alternatively cast alloy EN AC-AlCu4MgTi) grades. Moreover in result of applied precipitation hardening has resulted in the precipitation from a supersaturated solid solution of dispersive particles of secondary phases rich in alloying element i.e. Si and Cu respectively. In consequence it has been obtained increase in hardness in case of AlSi2Mn alloy by approximately 30% and in case of AlCu4MgSi alloy by approximately 20% in comparison to the as-cast state of continuous ingots.

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Wróbel

P.M. Nuckowski

P. Jurczyk

The Influence of Hyperquenching Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloy Cast Steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3

P. Jurczyk T. Wróbel Cz. Baron

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 1 | 73-80 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.134761

Keywords duplex cast steel heat treatment mechanical properties microstructure

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Abstract

The paper presents the research results concerning the chromium-nickel-molybdenum duplex cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 grade. The aim of studies was the description of the influence of hyperquenching temperature Tp i.e. 1100, 1125 and 1150℃ on microstructure and mainly mechanical properties i.e. tensile strength UTS, yield strength YS, hardness HB, elongation EL and impact energy KV of duplex cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 grade. The range of studies included ten melts which were conducted in foundry GZUT S.A. Based on the obtained results was confirmed that application of hyperquenching process guarantees the elimination of brittle s phase in the microstructure of studied duplex cast steel. Moreover on the basis of conducted statistical analysis of the researches results is concluded that with the decrease in hyperquenching temperature increases ductility and amount of austenite, while decreases strength and amount of ferrite in studied duplex cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 grade.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Jurczyk

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T. Wróbel

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Cz. Baron

Crystallization of GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 Grade Alloy Cast Steel and its Microstructure in the As-cast State and After Heat Treatment

T. Wróbel P. Jurczyk C. Baron P. Nuckowski

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 3 | 94-103 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146667

Keywords Duplex stainless cast steel microstructure crystallization DTA Heat treatment

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Abstract

The paper presents the results of research conducted in the field of crystallization and microstructure of duplex alloy cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 grade. The material for research was the above-mentioned cast steel with a chemical composition compliant with the relevant PN-EN 10283 standard, but melted at the lowest standard allowable concentration of alloying additives (some in short supply and expensive), i.e. Cr, Ni, Mn, Mo, Cu and N. The analysis of the crystallization process was performed based on the DTA (Derivative Thermal Analysis) method for a stepped casting with a thickness of individual steps of 10, 20, 40 and 60 mm. The influence of wall thickness was also taken into account in the cast steel microstructure testing, both in the as-cast state and after solution heat treatment. The phase composition of the cast steel microstructure was determined by using an optical microscope and X-ray phase analysis. The analysis of test results shows that the crystallization of tested cast steel uses the ferritic mechanism, while austenite is formed as a result of solid state transformation. The cast steel under analysis in the as-cast state tends to precipitate the undesirable σ-type Fe-Cr intermetallic phase in the microstructure, regardless of its wall thickness. However, the casting wall thickness in the as-cast state affects the austenite grain size, i.e. the thicker the casting wall, the wider the γ phase grains. The above-mentioned defects of the tested duplex alloy cast steel microstructure can be effectively eliminated by subjecting it to heat treatment of type hyperquenching.

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Bibliography

[1] Chojecki, A., Telejko, I. (2003). The foundry engineering of cast steel. Kraków: Akapit. (in Polish).
[2] Perzyk, M., Waszkiewicz, S., Kaczorowski, M., Jopkiewicz, A. (2004). Foundry engineering. Warszawa: WNT. (in Polish).
[3] Gunn, R. (1997). Duplex stainless steels - microstructure, properties and applications. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.
[4] Stradomski, G. (2016). Influence of the sigma phase morphology on shaping the properties of steel and duplex cast steel. Częstochowa: Publishers of Czestochowa University of Technology. (in Polish).
[5] Voronenko, B. (1997). Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels: A state-of-the-art review. Metal Science and Heat Treatment. 39(10), 428-437. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02484228.
[6] Kalandyk, B. (2011). Characteristics of microstructure and properties of castings made from ferritic-austenitic steel. Katowice – Gliwice: AFE. (in Polish).
[7] Stradomski, G. (2017). The analysis of AISI A3 type ferritic-austenitic cast steel crystallization mechanism. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 17(3), 229-233. https://doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0120.
[8] Šenberger, J., Pernica, V., Kaňa, V. & Záděra, A. (2018). Prediction of ferrite content in austenitic Cr-Ni steel castings during production. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 18(3), 91-94. https://doi.org/10.24425/123608.
[9] Kaňa, V., Pernica, V., Záděra, A. & Krutiš, V. (2019). Comparison of methods for determining the ferrite content in duplex cast steels. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 19(2), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2019.127121.
[10] Yamamoto, R., Yakuwa, H., Miyasaka, M. & Hara, N. (2019). Effects of the α/γ-phase ratio on the corrosion behavior of cast duplex stainless steel. Corrosion. 76(9), 815-825. https://doi.org/10.5006/3464.
[11] Jurczyk, P., Wróbel, T. & Baron, C. (2021). The influence of hyperquenching temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 66(1), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2021.134761.
[12] Kalandyk, B., Zapała, R. & Pałka, P. (2022). Effect of isothermal holding at 750 °C and 900 °C on microstructure and properties of cast duplex stainless steel containing 24% Cr-5% Ni-2.5% Mo-2.5% Cu. Materials. 15(23), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238569.
[13] Wróbel, T., Jurczyk, P., Baron, C. & Jezierski, J. (2023). Search for the optimal soaking temperature for hyperquenching of the GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 duplex cast steel. International Journal of Metalcasting. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-01020-x. (in print).
[14] Głownia, J. & Banaś, J. (1997). Effect of modification and segregation on the delta-ferrite morphology and corrosion resistance of cast duplex steel. Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering. 23(2), 261-267.

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Wróbel

e-mail:

ORCID:

P. Jurczyk

e-mail:

ORCID:

C. Baron

e-mail:

ORCID:

P. Nuckowski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Silesian University of Technology, Department of Foundry Engineering, Towarowa 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Silesian University of Technology, Materials Research Laboratory, Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

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The Precipitation Hardening of Continuous Ingots of AlSi2Mn and AlCu4MgSi Alloys

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

The Influence of Hyperquenching Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloy Cast Steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Crystallization of GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 Grade Alloy Cast Steel and its Microstructure in the As-cast State and After Heat Treatment

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations