Abstract
Until the early 1990s, the domestic power industry was a natural monopoly. This was caused
by the specificity of the operation of the electricity transmission and distribution sub sectors,
technical challenges of coordinating the operation of generating units and transmission networks,
requirements regarding long-term forecasting of the industry development, and returns to scale.
In view of the above, the objective of the presented paper is to assess the economic situation of
energy companies operating in a competitive electricity market. The article analyses the main areas
of activity of the energy companies, i.e.: the areas of production, transmission, distribution, and sales.
In addition, the market shares of the various energy companies, in terms of generating capacity
and the amount of the energy produced, were analyzed. Furthermore, the technical and economic
situation of enterprises operating in the power sector was also subjected to analysis. The mentioned
analysis has revealed that the profit received from the main activity of the enterprises (i.e. the sale
of electricity) has decreased in recent years. What is more, the energy sector must adapt to legal
and regulatory changes related to the intensification of the decarbonization policy pursued by the
European Commission. Therefore, national energy should focus on developing skills in the areas of
innovation, such as: electro mobility, energy storage, energy management, etc.
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