In this study, the mechanical tests were carried out on ductile iron of EN-GJS-600-3 grade and on grey cast iron of EN-GJL-250 grade. The fatigue life was evaluated in a modified low-cycle fatigue test (MLCF), which enables the determination of parameters resulting from the Manson-Coffin-Morrow relationship. The qualitative and quantitative metallographic studies conducted by light microscopy on selected samples of ductile iron with spheroidal graphite and grey cast iron with lamellar graphite (showing only small variations in mechanical properties,) confirmed also small variations in the geometrical parameters of graphite related with its content and morphological features.
This article presents a profile of the satirical weekly Szopka (A Puppet Show) published in Warsaw between 1922 and 1925 under the auspices of the National Democracy (ND). Committed to a nationalist ideology, Szopka published cartoons and satirical texts lampooning the alleged enemies of Poland and the Poles. Its favoured technique was to caricature and ridicule its targets, both individuals and institutions. Among them were Józef Piłsudski, his policies and his political associates, the Bolsheviks, the Germans and the Jews. To propagate their nationalist worldview the editors made use of a broad range of persuasion techniques.
Galicia’s autonomous status was in fact a doubletrack affair. On the one hand Galicia became a shining example of freedom and autonomy, embedded in the new constitutional order of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, while on the other hand it was tied down to a monarchical absolutism which offered only limited protection of individual rights. The press in particular was caught in the dilemmas produced by this situation, especially in the sensitive areas of political loyalty and religion.
The paper presents the results of comparative tests of the fatigue properties conducted on two non-ferrous alloys designated as Al 6082 and
Al 7075 which, due to the satisfactory functional characteristics, are widely used as engineering materials. The fatigue tests were carried
out using a proprietary, modified low cycle test (MLCF). Particular attention was paid to the fatigue strength exponent b and fatigue
ductility exponent c. Based on the tests carried out, the results comprised within the range defined by the literature were obtained. These
results prove a satisfactory sensitivity of the method applied, its efficiency, the possibility of conducting tests in a fully economical way
and above all the reliability of the obtained results of the measurements. Thus, the thesis has been justified that the modified low cycle
fatigue test (MLCF) can be recommended as a tool used in the development of alloy characteristics within the range of low-cycle variable
loads
This study discloses the characteristic features of the modified low-cycle fatigue test used for the determination of the mechanical
properties of two types of cast iron, i.e. EN-GJL-250 and EN-GJS-600-3. For selected materials, metallographic studies were also
conducted in the range of light microscopy and scanning microscopy.
Theory and practice of environmental protection in the case of foundries in Europe and Asia
• Experience resulting from the cooperation with the foundries in a few European countries, China and India
• Phenomena and factors affecting the pollution of the natural environment and the implementation of measures aiming at the
environmental protection
Every specialist dealing with foundry processes and their impact on environmental pollution must have encountered in their professional
careers numerous situations in which the theory of environmental protection confronts the stark reality. The discrepancy between theory
and practice can particularly be noticed in foundry engineering in developing countries where the contrasts between different countries and
casting plants are extremely striking. The comparison of working conditions in European and Asian foundries provides a vast scope for
further observations and analyses. Environmental protection seems not only a concern of manufacturers of castings, but also of their
customers whose opinion exerts a significant influence on both the acceptability of working conditions and on the approach to
environmental pollution adopted in metal casting industry.
The article presents a number of examples of various outlooks on environmental issues in foundries manufacturing a wide range of cast
steel and cast iron castings, where different technologies and production processes are applied.
Of great importance in the selection of materials for cast structures is keeping a proper balance between the mechanical and plastic properties,
while preserving the relevant casting properties. This study has been devoted to an analysis of the choice and application of highstrength
aluminium-based alloys maintaining sufficient level of casting properties. The high level of tensile strength (Rm > 500 MPa)
matched with satisfactory elongation (A > 3%) is important because materials of this type are used for cast parts operating in the aerospace,
automotive, and military industries. These beneficial relationships between the high tensile strength and toughness are relatively easy to
obtain in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys subjected to plastic forming and proper heat treatment. In gravity cast products, on the other hand,
whether poured into sand moulds or metal moulds (dies), obtaining this favourable combination of properties poses a number of research
problems (mostly resulting from the alloy chemical composition) as well as technical and technological difficulties.
The results of studies presented in this article are an example of the research activity of the authors related to lead-free alloys. The studies covered binary SnZn90 and SnZn95 lead-free alloys, including their microstructure and complex mechanical characteristics. The microstructure was examined by both light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The identification of alloy chemical composition in micro-areas was performed by SEM/EDS method. As regards light microscopy, the assessment was of both qualitative and quantitative character. The determination of the geometrical parameters of microstructure was based on an original combinatorial method using phase quantum theory. Comprehensive characterization of mechanical behavior with a focus on fatigue life of alloys was performed by means of the original modified low cycle fatigue method (MLCF) adapted to the actually available test machine. The article discusses the fatigue life of binary SnZn90 and SnZn95 alloys in terms of their microstructure. Additionally, the benefits resulting from the use of the combinatorial method in microstructure examinations and MLCF test in the quick estimation of several mechanical parameters have been underlined.
In the paper the results of experimental research of the process of flow forming of cylindrical drawpieces were presented. The drawpieces were made of the 3.1 mm thick AMS 5596 sheet by drawing process. Tests were performed on two-roller metal spinning machine of a vertical axis Leifeld SFC 800 V500.
The main purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between relative thickness reduction and the mechanical properties of tested material. Knowledge of these dependencies is especially useful in designing machines’ components manufactured by flow forming, in the selection of parameters of realization of this technological process as well. Mechanical properties were determined on the basis of uniaxial tensile of the micro samples obtained from the drawpieces: (I) after cold flow forming, (II) after cold flow forming and in-process heat treatment. Obtained results were shown graphically in the diagrams and their analysis was carried out. In addition, the microstructure of the sheet material tested after drawing and flow forming is presented.
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