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Impact of tractor wheels on physical properties of different soil types and the irrigation efficiency of the furrow irrigation method

Rahim Bux Vistro Mashooque Ali Talpur Irfan Ahmed Shaikh Munir Ahmed Mangrio

Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 166-171 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140386

Keywords furrow/ridge storage efficiency irrigation method soil physical properties tractor wheel trafficking water use efficiency

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Abstract

In furrow irrigation, the maximum lateral movement of water in ridges is more desirable than the vertical downward movement. This can be achieved by compacting the furrows. Thus, the study examines the impact on furrow soil compaction by tractor wheel trafficking during mechanical operations in the different soil types. In this experiment, the three-wheel tractor compaction includes: 1) control (no soil compaction), 2) compaction through 3-wheel tractor passes, and 3) compaction through 6-wheel passes under three different soil textural classes such as: clay loam, silty clay loam and silty loam soils. The impact of various treatments on clay loam, silty clay loam, and silty loam under 3- and 6-wheel passes showed increased bulk density (7–12%), field capacity (9–19%), ridge storage efficiency (35–38%), water use efficiency (16–20.5%) and decreased soil porosity (7–16%), infiltration (8–20%), and furrow storage efficiency (28–41%) over the control. This study shows comparable results of 6-passes with other studies in which more than 6-passes were used to compact the soil. This study suggested that farmers can maximise water use efficiency by compacting their furrows using 6-passes tractor trafficking.

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Authors and Affiliations

Rahim Bux Vistro

Mashooque Ali Talpur

Irfan Ahmed Shaikh

Munir Ahmed Mangrio

Sindh Agriculture University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tandojam, Hyderabad, 70060, Sindh, Pakistan

Soil moisture distribution pattern of surface drip irrigated mango

Shoukat Ali Soomro Muhammad Saffar Mirjat Munir Ahmed Mangrio Mashooque Ali Talpur

Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 53 | 158-163 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140792

Keywords double periphery drip irrigation mango orchard moisture content flow duration

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Abstract

At present, Pakistan has been facing acute shortage of irrigation water and farmers have been using conventional irrigation methods for orchards, such as flood and basin irrigation, thus wasting huge amount of fresh water. Therefore, it is necessary to find efficient irrigation methods to cope with this major burning issue. The micro drip irrigation method is considered efficient but in the case of mango orchards there is a problem of irrigation frequency, number of emitters, and duration of flow from emitters to meet water demand. Considering the above, an experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, by installing the drip system with two circular peripheries of lateral lines in clay loam soil covering the entire canopy of a mature mango tree. The radius of the first and second periphery around the tree trunk was 100 cm and 150 cm, respectively. Four emitters with 4 dm3∙h ^–1 discharge of individual dipper were fixed in each periphery. Emitters were tested for six different irrigation times, i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h, to observe the moisture distribution pattern. Hydraulic characteristics, such as density, field capacity, porosity, infiltration rate, available water and permanent wilting point (PWP), were determined using standard methods (1.4 g∙cm ^–3, 33%, 49%, 8 mm∙h ^–1, 12.41% and 20% respectively). The texture class of the soil profile was determined as clay loam at the soil depth 0–120 cm. Fifty soil samples were collected at 0–10, 10– 30, 30–60, 60–90, and 90–120 cm depths and at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80 and 80–100 cm distances on two opposite sides of emitters. The emitters provided sufficient moisture up to field capacity in clay loam soil with flow duration of 4 h. The maximum moisture distribution efficiency was 77.89% with flow duration of 4 h at vertical depth of 0–120 cm and 0–100 cm distance horizontally among four emitters as compared to 1, 2, 3 h flow duration which under irrigated the canopy area and 5, 6 h flow duration which excessively irrigated the canopy area of the mango tree. The water demand of the mango tree was met by 4 h flow duration which provided adequate moisture to the entire canopy up to 120 cm depth in the root zone and water saving was calculated as 15.91% under the installed drip irrigation system as compared with the conventional (basin) irrigation method.

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Authors and Affiliations

Shoukat Ali Soomro

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ORCID:

Muhammad Saffar Mirjat

Munir Ahmed Mangrio

Mashooque Ali Talpur

Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, 70060, Hyderabad, Pakistan

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Impact of tractor wheels on physical properties of different soil types and the irrigation efficiency of the furrow irrigation method

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Soil moisture distribution pattern of surface drip irrigated mango

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations