Występowanie największych złóż węgla brunatnego w Polsce jest ściśle związane z granicami tektonicznymi i z występowaniem złóż soli kamiennej. Co łączy oba rodzaje złóż?

The distribution of lignite deposits in Poland turns out to be closely related to tectonic boundaries and the occurrence of salt deposits. What mechanism underlies the connection between these elements?

The article presents an overview and a classification of X-ray detection methods. The main motivation for its preparation was the need to select a suitable and useful method for detecting signals from a currently developed miniature micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) X-ray source. The described methods were divided into passive and active ones, among which can be distinguished: chemical, luminescent, thermo-luminescent, gas ionization, semiconductor, and calorimetric methods. The advantages and drawbacks of each method were underlined, as well as their usefulness for the characterisation of the miniature MEMS X-ray source.

The article presents the results of experiments on a detection system used for detecting signals from a miniature, low-energy micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) X-ray source. The authors propose to use a detection based on luminescence phenomena occurring in luminophore and scintillators to record the visual signal on a CMOS/CCD detector. The main part of the article is a review of various materials of scintillators and luminophores which would be adequate to convert low-energy X-ray radiation (E < 25 keV – it is a range not typical for conventional X-ray systems) to visible light. Measurements obtained for different energies, exposure times, and different targets have been presented and analysed.