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Multi-phase flow assessment for the fermentation process in mono-substrate reactor with skeleton bed

Grzegorz Wałowski
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2019 | No 42 | 150-156
Keywords fermentation process mono-substrate reactor multi-phase flow skeleton bed
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Abstract

The selected techniques were reviewed and their technological aspects were characterized in the context of multi-phase flow for biogas production. The conditions of anaerobic fermentation for pig slurry in a mono-substrate reactor with skele-ton bed were analysed. The required technical and technological criteria for producing raw biogas were indicated.

Design and construction of the mono-substrate model, biogas flow reactor, developed for cooperation with livestock buildings of various sizes and power from 2.5 kW to 40 kW. The installation has the form of a sealed fermentation tank filled with a skeletal deposit constituting a peculiar spatial system with regular shapes and a rough surface.

Incorporating a plant in such a production cycle that enables the entire slurry stream to be directed from the cowshed or pig house underrun channels to the reactor operating in the flow mode, where anaerobic digestion will take place, allows to obtain a biogas.

The paper presents preliminary results of experimental investigations in the field of hydrodynamic substrate mixing system for biogas flow assessment by the adhesive bed in the context of biogas production. The aim of the study was to assessment and shows the influence of the Reynolds number on the biogas resistance factor for the fermentation process in mono-substrate reactor with adhesive deposit. The measurement results indicate a clear effect of the Reynolds number in relation to the descending flow resistance coefficient for the adhesive bed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Wałowski

Hydrodynamics of gas flow through anisotropic porous materials in phenomenological and numerical terms

Grzegorz Wałowski Gabriel Filipczak
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2018 | vol. 39 | No 3 | 149-167
Keywords Biochar coke CFD permeability
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Abstract

This study discusses results of experiments on hydrodynamic assessment of gas flow through backbone (skeletal) porous materials with an anisotropic structure. The research was conducted upon materials of diversified petrographic characteristics – cokes. The study was conducted for a variety of hydrodynamic conditions, using air. The basis for assessing hydrodynamics of gas flow through porous material was a gas stream that results from the pressure forcing such flow. The results of measurements indicate a clear impact of the type of material on the gas permeability, and additionally – as a result of their anisotropic internal structure – to a significant effect of the flow direction on the value of gas stream. In aspect of scale transfer problem, a method of mapping the flow geometry of skeletal materials has been developed and usefulness of numerical methods has been evaluated to determine pressure drop and velocity distribution of gas flow. The results indicate the compliance of the used calculation method with the result of experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Wałowski
Gabriel Filipczak

Assessment of the flow of substrate and agricultural biogas through the adhesive skeleton bed in phenomenological and numerical terms

Grzegorz Wałowski
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2021 | vol. 42 | No 3 | 243-253 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2021.138118
Keywords pig slurry agricultural biogas Adhesive bed permeability CFD
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Abstract

The paper reviews selected methods of agricultural biogas production and characterizes their technical and technological aspects. The conditions of the anaerobic fermentation process in the reactor with adhesive skeleton bed were analyzed. The required technological criteria for the production of biogas from a substrate in the form of pig slurry were indicated. As part of experimental studies, evaluation of the biogas replacement resistance coefficient and the permeability coefficient as a function of the Reynolds number were made. The method of numerical simulation with the use of a tool containing computational fluid dynamics codes was applied. Using the turbulent flow model – the RANS model with the enhanced wall treatment option, a numerical simulation was carried out, allowing for a detailed analysis of hydrodynamic phenomena in the adhesive skeleton bed. The paper presents the experimental and numerical results that allow to understand the fluid flow characteristics for the intensification of agricultural biogas production.
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Bibliography

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[7] Jedrczak A.: Biological waste treatment. Przeglad Komunalny (2001), 6, 89–92 (in Polish). [8] Wałowski G.: Developing technique anaerobic digestion in the contex of renewable energy sources. In: Proc. 26th Eur. Biomass Conf., Copenhagen, 14-17 May 2018, 798–808
[9] Kowalczyk-Jusko A.: Biogas plants an opportunity for agriculture and the environment. Fundacja na rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa, 2013 (in Polish).
[10] Głodek E.: Report on the EU project POKL.08.02.01-16-028 / 09 Sources of Energy in the Opole region 2013 promotion, technologies, support, implementation. Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Opole 2010. (in Polish).
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[12] Karłowski J., Kliber A., Myczko A., Golimowska R., Myczko R.: Agronomy in the sustainable development of modern agriculture]. In: Proc. 4th Sci. Conf. of the Polish Agronomic Society, Warszawa, 5-7 Sept. 2011 (in Polish).
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[14] Kołodziejczyk T., Myczko R., Myczko A.: Use of residual non-food cellulosic material for biogas production. Ciepłownictwo, Ogrzewanictwo, Wentylacja 42(2011), 9, 360–363. (in Polish).
[15] Wałowski G.: Interpretation of the mechanism of biogas flow through an adhesive bed in analogy to gas-permeability for a structural model of a porous material. Int. J. Curr. Res. 10(2018), 12, 76225–76228.
[16] Wałowski G.: Multi-phase flow assessment for the fermentation process in monosubstrate reactor with skeleton bed. J. Water Land Dev. 42(2019), 7-9, 150–156.
[17] Myczko A., Kliber A., Tupalski L.: The latest achievements in the field of renewable energy sources along with the presentation of barriers to the implementation of research results into business practice. In: The Latest Developments in the Field of RES, Including the Presentation of Barriers to the Implementation of Research Results in Business Practice and Suggestions for their Solutions (B. Mickiewicz, Ed.), Koszalin 2012 (in Polish).
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Wałowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Falenty, Department of Renewable Energy, Poznań Branch, ul. Biskupińska 67, 60-463 Poznań, Poland

Development of biogas and biorafinery systems in Polish rural communities

Grzegorz Wałowski
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 156-168 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137108
Keywords agricultural biogas biorafination fermentation process pig slurry
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Abstract

The article reviews selected systems and technological variants of biogas production. Biogas installations and methods of biogas production were characterized in terms of control and measurement. The required technical and technological criteria for biogas production and treatment were indicated. The conditions of biorefining in the context of the generation of new products were analysed. Based on the amount of manure produced in pig production, the potential of biogas production in Poland was indicated based on the visualization of the biogas production potential by poviats in Poland. The substrate in the form of slurry, manure and other agricultural waste for the production of agricultural biogas in Poland was analysed quantitatively. The economic aspects in the agricultural biogas plant sector were revealed, indicating the operation of the economies of scale for this industry sector.
An example of a pilot biogas production for anaerobic digestion using pig slurry is presented. The paper presents pre-liminary results of experimental studies on the course of changes in the biogas volume flow for the average daily production of agricultural biogas and the qualitative composition of agricultural biogas produced from pig slurry. The results of the measurements show a clear influence of the hydrodynamic mixing system of the substrate for the evaluation of the biogas flow through the adhesive bed in the context of agricultural biogas production in the range (1–14) m3 d–1.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Wałowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Falenty, Department of Renewable Energy, Poznań Branch, ul. Biskupińska 67, 60-463 Poznań, Poland

Assessment of technological simulation of an agricultural biogas installation using integration mechanisms

Grzegorz Wałowski
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 59 | 283-290 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.148453
Keywords AVEVA environment biogas production integration simulation visualisation
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Abstract

The article presents technological and measurement systems and methods for substrate preparation, production and purification of raw biogas, biogas storage, cogeneration, and processing of post-fermentation mass. Based on the existing infrastructure for biogas production from pig slurry, a model system for integrating objects in the AVEVA environment using integration mechanisms was demonstrated. The simulation used an imaging method, and the 3D model was used for technological simulations. The work presents simulation results that allow us to understand the availability of graphic imaging techniques at each stage, define and expand the library of typical errors and requirements for pipeline installations, structures and devices, facilitating the identification of design errors and accelerated introduction of corrections to the installation design.
The article features the use of integration of elements of a pilot biogas production installation in the AVEVA environment – innovative systems for heating the substrate and managing agricultural biogas production were implemented. A node for the production of raw biogas was indicated for the transport system of biogas produced in the fermentation tank, along with devices enabling the conduct, control and regulation of the fermentation process. The visualisation concerned integration of the biogas production technology diagram with the model environment for the created pipelines using integrator mechanisms.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Wałowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, 3 Hrabska Ave, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland

Assessment of polydisperse substrate flow in a fermentor for computational fluid dynamics modelling

Grzegorz Wałowski
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | Special Issue | 1-7 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.143715
Keywords Adhesive bed agricultural biogas autocyclic flow bioreactor computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Klinkenberg phenomenon
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Abstract

In this paper study results of selected production methods for agricultural biogas are shown and technical and technological aspects of these methods are described for monosubstrate bioreactors. Based on the available literature, modelling of mixing in bioreactors using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was is demonstrated. As part of the research, the numerical simulation method was used with a tool that contains CFD codes. The model k-ε is used to simulate the mean flow characteristics under turbulent flow conditions. This is a two-equation model that gives a general description of turbulence. The work presents the results of numerical studies that make it possible to understand the characteristics of fluid flow in the adhesive bed used for the production of agricultural biogas. The tests showed that in the core of the adhesive bed there is a flow of 0.19 m∙s –1, while in the outer part of the bed there is a flow in the range 0.01–0.02 m∙s –1. Taking into account the substrate inflow of 0.17 m∙s –1 (in the upper part of the fermentor), it was observed that the Klinkenberg effect for autocyclic movement (from bottom to top) takes place. The novelty in the article is the observation of the dominant flow in the core of the bed and the autocyclic flow in the opposite direction in the peripheral areas of the adhesive bed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Wałowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland

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