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Abstrakt

When observations are autocorrelated, standard formulae for the estimators of variance, s2, and variance of the mean, s2 (x), are no longer adequate. They should be replaced by suitably defined estimators, s2a and s2a (x), which are unbiased given that the autocorrelation function is known. The formula for s2a was given by Bayley and Hammersley in 1946, this work provides its simple derivation. The quantity named effective number of observations neff is thoroughly discussed. It replaces the real number of observations n when describing the relationship between the variance and variance of the mean, and can be used to express s2a and s2a (x) in a simple manner. The dispersion of both estimators depends on another effective number called the effective degrees of freedom Veff. Most of the formulae discussed in this paper are scattered throughout the literature and not very well known, this work aims to promote their more widespread use. The presented algorithms represent a natural extension of the GUM formulation of type-A uncertainty for the case of autocorrelated observations.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Andrzej Zięba

Abstrakt

Prior knowledge of the autocorrelation function (ACF) enables an application of analytical formalism for the unbiased estimators of variance s2a and variance of the mean s2a(xmacr;). Both can be expressed with the use of so-called effective number of observations neff. We show how to adopt this formalism if only an estimate {rk} of the ACF derived from a sample is available. A novel method is introduced based on truncation of the {rk} function at the point of its first transit through zero (FTZ). It can be applied to non-negative ACFs with a correlation range smaller than the sample size. Contrary to the other methods described in literature, the FTZ method assures the finite range 1 < neff ≤ n for any data. The effect of replacement of the standard estimator of the ACF by three alternative estimators is also investigated. Monte Carlo simulations, concerning the bias and dispersion of resulting estimators sa and sa(×), suggest that the presented formalism can be effectively used to determine a measurement uncertainty. The described method is illustrated with the exemplary analysis of autocorrelated variations of the intensity of an X-ray beam diffracted from a powder sample, known as the particle statistics effect.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Andrzej Zięba
Piotr Ramza

Abstrakt

This paper presents a method intended for calculation of steady-state processes in AC/AC three-phase converters that are described by nonstationary periodical differential equations. The method is based on the extension of nonstationary differential equations and the use of Galerkin's method. The results of calculations are presented in the form of a double Fourier series. As an example, a three-phase matrix-reactance frequency converter (MRFC) with boost topology is considered and the results of computation are compared with a numerical method.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Igor Ye. Korotyeyev
Beata Zięba

Abstrakt

This paper presents a method of calculation of steady-state processes in threephases matrix-reactance frequency converters (MRFC's), in which voltages and currents are transformed by control signals with two pulsations. A solution of nonstationary differentia equations with periodic coefficients that describe this system is obtained by using Galerkin's method and an extension of equations of one variable of time to equations of two variables of time. The results of calculations are presented in an example of three-phases MRFC with buck-boost topology and compared with a numerical metod embedded in the program Mathematica.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Igor Ye. Korotyeyev
Beata Zięba

Abstrakt

The present study focused on relationships between personality traits, self-efficacy, self-esteem and basic trust, and well-being in context of entrepreneurial activity. Participants were 301 unemployed people, 157 of whom had received a grant from an employment agency to start their own business. Participants completed measures of personality traits, self-efficacy, self-esteem, basic trust, satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect. To verify if beliefs about the self and about the world mediated relationships between personality traits and well-being we conducted a multiple-sample SEM. The study results confirm that the beliefs mediate relationships between personality traits and well-being. They also show that different types of beliefs serve a different function, depending on an individual’s circumstances. Among grant acceptors, self-efficacy did not impact well-being, while self-esteem and basic trust had similar functions in both groups.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mariusz Zięba
Monika Surawska
Anna Maria Zalewska
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Abstrakt

Defining and analysing post-1945 architecture remains a relevant subject. Popularising knowledge about post-war Modernist architecture is a part of building public awareness and our collective identity. Many still- existing specimens of post-war Modernist architecture, particularly those located in smaller cities or towns, have neither been placed under proper conservation nor documentation. Their value is not widely appreciated and their continued existence is threatened. The objective of this paper is to present a major project by Włodzimierz Ściegienny — the Cepelia exhibition pavilions, as well as an unimplemented development plan for the entire exhibition grounds in Częstochowa.
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Bibliografia


Bal, W. ‘Architektura modernistyczna Szczecina lat 60. i 70. w idei i realizacji’, Wiadomości Konserwatorskie / Journal of Heritage Conservation, 49/2017, pp.142–152.
Błaszczyk, W. (1961), Rezerwat archeologiczny, Cmentarzysko łużyckie, Częstochowa: Muzeum Regionalne w Częstochowie.
Braun, J. (1979), Częstochowa: Urbanistyka i architektura, Warszawa: Arkady, p. 84.
Cymer, A. (2019), Architektura w Polsce 1945–1989, Warszawa: Centrum Architektury Narodowy Instytut Architektury i Urbanistyki.
Haładyj, T. (2018), Dożynki na Jasnej Górze. Historia wystaw rolniczych — w miejscu Cepelii stała grecka kolumnada [online:] https://czestochowa.wyborcza.pl/czestochowa/1,48725,18710097,dozynki-na-jasnej-gorze-historia-wystaw-rolniczych-w-1946.html (accessed: 24.01.2021).
Kaczmarska, K. ‘Budynek Cepelii jako przykład architektury modernistycznej’, Rocznik Muzeum Częstochowskiego, 18/2018, p. 55.
Malec-Zięba, E. (2020), ‘Korelacja architektury i sztuki w twórczości Włodzimierza Ściegiennego’, Państwo i Społeczeństwo, 3/2020.
Syska, A. (2020), Spodek w Zenicie, Warszawa: NIAiU.
Springer, F. (2011), Źle urodzone, Reportaże o architekturze PRL-u, Kraków: Karakter, p. 7.
Springer, F. (2016), Księga zachwytów, Warszawa: Agora, pp. 345–347.
Ściegienny, K. (2005), Ars longa vita brevis, Częstochowa: Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Gaude Mater.
Ściegienny, K. (2011), Ad futuram rei memoriam, Częstochowa: Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Gaude Mater.
Stelmach, B., Andrzejewska-Batko, K. (ed.) (2019), Tożsamość. 100 lat polskiej architektury, Warszawa: Narodowy Instytut Architektury i Urbanistyki.
Steinhagen, D. (2017), Po 40 latach Cepelia żegna się z Częstochową i budynkiem w III Alei [online:] https://czestochowa.wyborcza.pl/czestochowa/7,48725,22172370,po-40-latach-cepelia-zegna-sie-z-czestochowa-i-budynkiem-w-iii.html (accessed: 24.01.2021).
Szczodrowska, M., Nasze spotkania. Architekt, artysta malarz, grafik. Rozmowa z Włodzimierzem Ściegiennym, „Życie Częstochowy” 119, 20 May 1984 (Ściegienny’s archives).
Wąsek, H. (2017), Stowarzyszenie architektów w Częstochowie. Zarys historii, Częstochowa: SARP Oddział w Częstochowie, p. 14.
Woźniczka, Z. (2007), ‘Częstochowa w latach siedemdziesiątych’, [w:] Kersten, K.(ed.) Częstochowa: Dzieje miasta i klasztoru jasnogórskiego, vol. 4. Dzieje miasta i klasztoru po 1945, Częstochowa: Urząd Miasta Częstochowy, p. 261.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Emilia Malec-Zięba
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Faculty of Architecture and Fine Arts

Abstrakt

Możliwość zastosowania nietradycyjnej metody utylizacji odpadowych gazów cieplarnianych, przez zatłaczanie CO2 (sekwestracja) w porowate złoża geologiczne traktowane jako niekonwencjonalne zbiorniki gazu, wymaga spełnienia podstawowych kryteriów takich jak np. wpływ na środowisko oraz długoletnie składowanie. Istotną kwestią jest fizyczne zachowanie się złoża podczas fazy nasycania jego struktury porowatej dwutlenkiem węgla. Należy tutaj przede wszystkim wymienić: zdolność transportu CO2 wzdłuż struktury porowatej oraz zdolność adsorpcyjną. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań sorpcji pary wodnej na próbkach węgla pochodzących z wytypowanych KWK o zróżnicowanej zawartości pierwiastka C. Uzyskane wyniki przedstawiono w postaci izoterm sorpcji i desorpcji w temperaturze 303 K, oraz opisano równaniem izotermy adsorpcji BET. Na podstawie danych sorpcji obliczono powierzchnię właściwą, zgodnie z teorią BET. Ilość zasorbownych cząsteczek pary wodnej dla badanych próbek węgla była zależna od stopnia metamorfizmu. Otrzymane izotermy można zaliczyć do typu II według klasyfikacji BET. Do badań sorpcyjnych zastosowano aparaturę typu objętościowego – adsorpcyjną mikrobiuretkę cieczową. Sorpcja pary wodnej w zastosowaniu dla węgli pozwala na ilościowe określenie pierwotnych centrów adsorpcji jako miary oddziaływań adsorbowanych cząsteczek z powierzchnią adsorbentu. Na podstawie równań adsorpcji BET z izoterm sorpcji pary wodnej określono ilości aktywnych centr adsorpcji, które potencjalnie mogą brać udział w adsorpcji CO2 w pokładach węgla podczas wtłaczania tego gazu. Pojemność sorpcyjna węgli pozostaje w korelacji ze stopniem metamorfizmu jak również ma ogromny wpływa na możliwość magazynową złoża.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Agnieszka Orzechowska-Zięba
Paweł Baran
Katarzyna Zarębska
Janusz Cygankiewicz

Abstrakt

The high-pressure torsion (HPT) of Ti-Fe alloys with different iron content has been studied at 7 GPa, 5 anvil rotations and rotation speed of 1 rpm. The alloys have been annealed before HPT in such a way that they contained different amounts of α/α' and β phases. In turn, the β phase contained different concentration of iron. The 5 anvil rotations correspond to the HPT steady-state and to the dynamic equilibrium between formation and annihilation of microstructure defects. HPT leads to the transformation of initial α/α' and β-phases into mixture of α and high-pressure ω-phase. The α → ω and β → ω phase transformations are martensitic, and certain orientation relationships exist between α and ω as well as β and ω phases. However, the composition of ω-phase is the same in all samples after HPT and does not depend on the composition of β-phase (which is different in different initial samples). Therefore, the martensitic (diffusionless) transformations are combined with a certain HPT-driven mass-transfer. We observed also that the structure and properties of phases (namely, α-Ti and ω-Ti) in the Ti – 2.2 wt. % Fe and Ti – 4 wt. % Fe alloys after HPT are equifinal and do not depend on the structure and properties of initial α'-Ti and β-Ti before HPT.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

B. Straumal
A. Kilmametov
A. Gornakova
A. Mazilkin
B. Baretzky
A. Korneva
P. Zięba
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Abstrakt

The article presents the Identity Dynamics Questionnaire (IDQ) as a method for measuring identity processes and modes included in the identity dynamics model by Oleś. The model refers to general processes of personality development that underlie identity functioning located on two dimensions: the internal experience and the external activity. The new tool was created to validly and reliably operationalize the theoretical proposition and to verify its assumptions and relations between components of the model. Four studies were conducted as successive stages of constructing the IDQ. Studies 1 and 2 aimed to exploratory setting the content of subscales designed to measure four identity processes (integration, reconstruction, adaptation, expansion – part A of the IDQ) and four identity modes (stabilization, fluidity, amplification, pliability – part B of the IDQ). Studies 3 and 4 served to confirmatory analyses concerning the structure of the IDQ and show its validity. The studies showed satisfactory psychometric properties of current version of the new method.
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Bibliografia


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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Elwira Brygoła
1
Mariusz Zięba
1
Krzysztof Kwapis
2

  1. SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznań, Poland
  2. Jesuit University Ignatianum in Cracow, Poland

Abstrakt

The ecological agencies have begun sounding the alert to stop the accumulation of "poisonous" electronic scrap, by introducing new lead-free materials for soldering, plus legal regulations to ban the use of lead-bearing materials.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Władysław Gąsior
Leszek Zabdyr
Paweł Zięba

Abstrakt

In this study a two-step short wet etching was implemented for the black silicon formation. The proposed structure consists of two steps. The first step: wet acidic etched pits-like morphology with a quite new solution of lowering the texturization temperature and second step: wires structure obtained by a metal assisted etching (MAE). The temperature of the process was chosen due to surface development control and surface defects limitation during texturing process. This allowed to maintain better minority carrier lifetime compared to etching in ambient temperature. On the top of the acidic texture the wires were formed with optimized height of 350 nm. The effective reflectance of presented black silicon structure in the wavelength range of 300-1100 nm was equal to 3.65%.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

G. Kulesza-Matlak
K. Gawlińska
Z. Starowicz
A. Sypień
K. Drabczyk
B. Drabczyk
M. Lipiński
P. Zięba

Abstrakt

The ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) is widely used for solar modules encapsulation. During lamination process EVA melts and chemical bonds between polymer chains are created. Its number is tightly related to cross-linking degree and it is consider as a major quality reference for module encapsulation. The lamination can be described as a process with two stages: melting and curing where the typical temperature for curing is in the range from 145 to 175°C. In the present study, for the first time, comparison of three commercial available EVA foils with low curing temperature EVA (EVA LOW). For this reason, the temperature of following lamination processes was set from a range from 115 to 175°C. The behavior of cured EVA films under investigation EVA was determined with two approaches: with extraction and with optical methods. The results indicate the applicability of these methods for the EVA cross-linking characterization. Finally, the extraordinary behavior of EVA LOW foil was noticed.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

K. Gawlińska
K. Drabczyk
Z. Starowicz
P. Sobik
B. Drabczyk
P. Zięba

Abstrakt

IP scheduled throughput defined according to 3GPP TS 36.314 reflects user throughput regardless of traffic characteristics, and therefore has become one of the most important indicators for monitoring Quality of Service (QoS) of the end user in Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). However, networks built on a distributed architecture make the above definition impossible to be applied directly due to the implementation challenges. This paper gives an overview of the classical Long Term Evolution (LTE) architecture as opposed to Dual Connectivity (DC) topology and focuses on a novel method of solving the calculation issue with the IP scheduled throughput measurement in edge computing environment. Experimental results show a good agreement with the real end user perception.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Arkadiusz Zięba
1
Martin Kollar
1
Krzysztof Tatarczyk
1
Jarosław Sadowski
2

  1. Nokia Solutions & Networks, Poland
  2. Gdansk University of Technology, Poland

Abstrakt

High-speed switching capabilities of SiC MOSFET power modules allow building high power converters working with elevated switching frequencies offering high efficiencies and high power densities. As the switching processes get increasingly rapid, the parasitic capacitances and inductances appearing in SiC MOSFET power modules affect switching transients more and more significantly. Even relatively small parasitic capacitances can cause a significant capacitive current flow through the SiC MOSFET power module. As the capacitive current component in the drain current during the turn-off process is significant, a commonly used method of determining the switching power losses based on the product of instantaneous values of drain-source voltage and drain current may lead to a severe error. Another problem is that charged parasitic capacitances discharge through the MOSFET resistive channel during the turn-on process. As this happens in the internal structure, that current is not visible on the MOSFET terminals. Fast switching processes are challenging to measure accurately due to the imperfections of measurement probes, like their output signals delay mismatch. This paper describes various problems connected with the correct determination of switching power losses in high-speed SiC MOSFET power modules and proposes solutions to these problems. A method of achieving a correct time alignment of waveforms collected by voltage and current probes has been shown and verified experimentally. In order to estimate SiC MOSFET channel current during the fast turn-off process, a method based on the estimation of nonlinear parasitic capacitances current has also been proposed and verified experimentally
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Dawid Zięba
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Rąbkowski
2

  1. Medcom Company, Jutrzenki 78A, 02-230 Warsaw, Poland
  2. University of Technology, Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland

Abstrakt

This paper takes a look at the state-of-the-art solutions in the field of spectral imaging systems by way of application examples. It is based on a comparison of currently used systems and the challenges they face, especially in the field of high-altitude imaging and satellite imaging, are discussed. Based on our own experience, an example of hyperspectral data processing is presented. The article also discusses how modern algorithms can help in understanding the data that such images can provide.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jędrzej Kowalewski
1 2
Jarosław Domaradzki
2
Michał Zięba
1
Mikołaj Podgórski
1 2

  1. Scanway, Dunska 9, 54-427 Wrocław, Poland
  2. Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems,Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland

Abstrakt

Introduction: Seasonal variation has been observed for bacterial and viral infections (e.g., COVID-19 [1]), but also for numerous cardiac problems. However, little information is available on the seasonality of infectious endocarditis (IE), a rare disease that is usually linked to a bacterial origin. Data from the Polish population are lacking.
Materials and Methods: Our retrospective study focused on the identification of patients with IE, who were hospitalized at the University Hospital in Krakow between 2005–2022. For this purpose, we searched the medical records system using the ICD-10 code. We decided to divide our patients into four groups (winter, spring, summer, autumn), based on the date of admission to the hospital. Comparison of the distribution of IE incidents by season was performed with the ch2 test.
Results: One hundred and ten patients were included in the study (median age 62.5 years (range 20–94), 72 men (65.45%)). The left native valve IE was diagnosed in 49% of the patients, the prosthetic valve IE in 16%, the right valve IE in 27% and the implantable cardiac electronic devices IE in 12% of the subjects. The outcomes comprised of cardiac surgery (n = 53), embolism (n = 16), death (n = 15) and metastatic infections (n = 5). No differences in the incidence of IE by season were observed.
Conclusions: In the preliminary observation of IE cases of patients admitted to the University Hospital in Krakow, Poland no seasonal pattern of IE was detected. Therefore, IE should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis at any time of the year.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Tofilska
1
Katarzyna Zięba
1
Andrzej Surdacki
2
Marek Rajzer
3
Agnieszka Olszanecka
3

  1. Students’ Scientific Group at the First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  3. First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

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