The research was focused on the selection of the best conditions for the lactic acid production. As the organic source diluted waste whey was used. Two facultative anaerobic bacteria strains were examined: Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactococcus lactis. The neeed of anaerobic conditions as well as mineral supplementation of cultivationwere investigated. It turned out that the oxidationwas not the key parameter, but cultivationmediumneeded a supplementation for higher process efficiency. Finally, Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain was selected, for which LA production was app. 45% higher than for Lc. lactis. On the other hand, Lactobacillus rhamnosus was active at higher lactose concentration, thus waste whey needed to be less diluted. Additionally, high values of product/substrate yield coefficient make the process very efficient.
This paper describes the simulation, exergy analysis and comparison of two commonly applied liquefaction of technologies natural gas, namely: propane precooled mixed refrigerant process (C3MR) and dual mixed refrigerant process (DMR) alongside two modifications of each employing end flash systems. The C3MR and DMR process schemes were simulated using the commercial software to mathematically model chemical processes. These schemes were then analysed using energy and exergy calculations to determine their performances. The exergy efficiency for the C3MR processes without end flash system, with simple end flash system and extended end flash system were evaluated as 29%, 31%, and 33%, respectively, while the exergy efficiency for the DMR processes without end flash system, with simple end flash system, and extended end flash system were evaluated as 26%, 25.5%, and 30%, respectively. The results achieved show that the extended end flash system versions of the schemes are most efficient. Furthermore, the exergy analysis depicted that the major equipment that must be enhanced in order to improve the cycle exergy efficiencies are the compressors, heat exchangers, and coolers.