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The role of psychosocial factors in the increase of health behaviors facing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Jarosław Ocalewski Karolina Juszczyk Patrycja Michalska Maciej Michalak Paweł Kajetan Izdebski Michał Jankowski Krzysztof Buczkowski
Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2022 | vol. 53 | No 3 | 130-137 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2022.141861
Keywords health behaviors psychosocial factors pandemic SARS-CoV-2
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Abstract

Introduction - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a major health crisis modern world has to counter. Due to the highly contagious nature of this virus and the rapid growth of infections in many countries specific medical recommendations have been formed to reduce spread of the virus. Aim of the study is determine the psychosocial factors related to obeying medical recommendations against SARS-CoV-2 pandemic during the stage of increasing government’s restrictions and limitations.
Method – The study included 319 participants (261 women and 58 men) aged 18-66 yrs (M=25). The study was carried out via the Internet from 21st March, 2020 to 27th March, 2020. The sample group included participants chosen using “snowball” effect.
Results - It has been shown that the higher anxiety of falling ill, the higher tendency to obey health behaviors towards SARS-CoV-2 (r = .13, p < .001). In order to explain what factors undertaking health behaviors towards SARS-CoV-2 depends on, structural equation modeling was applied including HMB model variables. It has been shown that the benefits and barriers have a significant impact on compliance with health behavior towards SARS-CoV-2 (ß = 0.45, p <0.001).
Conclusions – At the beginning of a pandemic, while increasing restrictions perceived barriers and perceived benefits of obeying health recommendations are significant for explaining health behaviors towards SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Perceived risk is less important. Higher intensity of health anxiety, understood as a fear of infection (likelihood of illness) is related to obeying the health behaviors towards SARS-Cov-2.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Ocalewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Karolina Juszczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Patrycja Michalska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Michalak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Kajetan Izdebski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Jankowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Buczkowski
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
  2. Chair of Surgical Oncology Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz and Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń
  3. Department of Family Medicine Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz and Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland

Virus neutralization test for confirmation of ELISA-positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in dogs

D. Vujin A. Knežević V. Vračar D. Petrović G. Kozoderović Lj. Spasojević Kosić V. Lalošević D. Lalošević
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 4 | 559–565 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.152946
Keywords dogs virus neutralization test SARS-CoV-2 Serbia seroconversion
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Abstract

Constant antigenic changes, new variants and easy transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus should acquire greater zoonotic attention and need to remain alert. In this retrospective study the aim was to analyze seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 in dogs by commercial ELISA. The Virus neutralization test (VNT) was modified for the purpose of confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in ELISA-positive dog sera. The sera were collected from 204 dogs from different veterinary clinics across Vojvodina Province, Serbia, during COVID-19 pandemic. For the screening of antibodies a commercial double multi-species antigen ELISA was used, followed by the VNT modified with SARS-CoV-2 as a confirmatory test. VNT was modified as “one step” test using local isolate of SARS-CoV-2 and the results were checked by cytopathic effect in cell culture on the 96-well microtiter plate. Obtained data have shown that 9 out of 204 dogs were positive by ELISA (4.4%), while 2 (0.97%) sera were doubtful. VNT confirmed 9 positive dogs, but 2 doubtful samples were negative, exhibiting the seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2 in 4.4% dogs from Vojvodina region during pandemic of COVID-19. VNT with SARS-CoV-2 helped to elucidate ELISA ambiguous results. The occurrence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in dogs in this study during COVID-19 pandemic suggested the possibility of viral transmission to dogs, implicating the potential for zoonotic transmission. This was the first research on seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2 in dogs from the Province of Vojvodina, the northernmost part of Serbia.
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Authors and Affiliations

D. Vujin
1
A. Knežević
2
V. Vračar
3
D. Petrović
4
G. Kozoderović
4
Lj. Spasojević Kosić
3
V. Lalošević
3
D. Lalošević
1 5
  1. Pasteur Institute of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 1, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia
  2. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology, Pasterova 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
  3. University of Novi Sad, Faculty for Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
  4. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Education in Sombor, Podgorička 4, 25000 Sombor, Serbia
  5. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

Epidemiological peculiarities and analysis of the incidence time series of viral airborne infections in Ukraine in 2010–2020

Nina Malysh Alla Podavalenko Victoriya Zadorozhna Svetlana Biryukova
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2021 | Vol. 61 | No 4 | 101-114 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2021.140008
Keywords influenza acute respiratory viral infections SARS-CoV-2 measles vaccination
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Abstract

Illnesses with aerosol mode of transmission dominate in the structure of infectious diseases. Influenced by natural, social and biological factors, epidemiological characteristics of the infectious diseases change, that’s why the objective of this research was to determine modern peculiar features of the epide-miological situation regarding viral infections with aerosol transmission in Ukraine. Influenza incidence ranged from 31.14‒184.45 per 100 thousand people, other acute respiratory viral infections from 13685.24‒ 18382.5. Epidemic process of measles was characterized by increasing incidence in 2018 and 2019. In Ukraine, there is a tendency to reduce the incidence of rubella and mumps (р <0.05). The positive effect of immunization on the incidence of mumps and rubella has been established. Vaccination against measles cannot be considered as evidence of immunity against measles. The demographic situation in Ukraine may indirectly influence the intensity of the epidemic situation of viral infections with aerosol transmission.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nina Malysh
1
Alla Podavalenko
2
Victoriya Zadorozhna
3
Svetlana Biryukova
4
  1. Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine
  2. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Occupational Diseases, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkiv, Ukraine
  3. SI «Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases named after L.V. Gromashevsky National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv, Ukraine
  4. Department of Microbiology, Bacteriology, Virology, Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkiv, Ukraine

Crisis Remote Education at The Maria Grzegorzewska University During Social Isolation in the Opinions of Academic Teachers

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2020 | vol. 66 | No 4 | 801-806 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2020.135673
Keywords crisis remote education distance teaching distance learning emergency e-learning COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to find out the experiences of academics working at The Maria Grzegorzewska University, related to crisis remote education (remote teaching and distance learning in conditions of forced social isolation caused by SARSCoV- 2 pandemic). A case study was used. The research was limited to one institution and the method of a diagnostic survey based on the questionnaire technique was used. Recommendations for further development were made, based on disclosed advantages, disadvantages, problems and opportunities connected with crisis remote education conclusions reported by academic teachers.

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Authors and Affiliations

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk
Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba

Crisis Remote Education at The Maria Grzegorzewska University During Social Isolation in the Opinions of Students

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2020 | vol. 66 | No 4 | 807-812 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2020.135675
Keywords crisis remote education distance teaching distance learning emergency e-learning COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to find out the experiences of students of The Maria Grzegorzewska University, related to crisis remote education (remote teaching and distance learning in conditions of forced social isolation caused by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic). A case study was used. The research was limited to one institution and the method of a diagnostic survey based on the questionnaire technique was used. Recommendations for further development were made, based on disclosed advantages, disadvantages, problems and opportunities connected with crisis remote education conclusions reported by students.

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Authors and Affiliations

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk
Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba

Hybrid Education in Higher Education on the Example of Students' Experiences in Post-pandemic Reality

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 497-504 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.141266
Keywords hybrid education higher education students blended learning COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2
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Abstract

The article concerns the experiences of students related to hybrid education conducted in the first semester of the academic year 2021/2022. The aim of the study was to find out the opinions of students on hybrid education conducted at The Maria Grzegorzewska University and to compare it with traditional education and distance education. The subject of the research was, among others, the readiness of students to participate in hybrid learning, assessing its quality and other related experiences. The research used the method of diagnostic survey. The obtained results indicate that students rate their readiness to participate in hybrid education higher than the readiness of lecturers to conduct it. They see the possibility of using a hybrid approach to education and science, organization of education and health. They indicate convenience, organization and health safety as the most important advantages and social costs, student attitudes and technical problems as the most important disadvantages of hybridization. The article also presents the expectations of students in relation to the systemic sanctioning of hybrid education. It was suggested to use the lessons learned by developing and testing the effectiveness of a hybrid approach, the potential of which is undeniable and scientifically proven.
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Authors and Affiliations

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk
1
Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
1
  1. The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Poland

Hybrid Education in Higher Education on the Example of Academic Teachers' Experiences in Post-pandemic Reality

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 489-496 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.141265
Keywords hybrid education higher education academic teachers blended learning COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2
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Abstract

The article concerns the experiences of academic teachers related to hybrid education at the end of the SARS-CoV- 2 coronavirus pandemic. The aim of the study was to understand the lecturers' perspective on hybrid education implemented in the first semester of the 2021/2022 academic year at The Maria Grzegorzewska University and an attempt to compare it with traditional education and distance education. The subject of the research was, among others, readiness to implement hybrid teaching, university support for lecturers in the field of hybrid teaching and the diversity of experiences of academic teachers. The research used the method of diagnostic survey. The obtained results indicate that the lecturers declare their readiness to conduct hybrid teaching, especially in the case of their own or students' illness, or random factors that make it impossible to conduct fulltime classes or top-down legal regulations. They appreciate the organizational support of their immediate supervisor and the opportunity to make up for classes that have not taken place in a hybrid form. The lecturers highly assess the level of their own involvement in the preparation and conduct of classes, as well as the quality of their didactic work. They see the possibility of using a hybrid approach not only in teaching but also in their selfimprovement, work organization and maintaining health. At the same time, they indicate the shortcomings and difficulties related to didactics, social, technical, and organizational aspects, as well as systemic deficiencies. Based on the results, recommendations related to the use of hybrid education in post-pandemic academic education were developed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk
1
Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
1
  1. The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Poland

Expression of water-soluble nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 and analysis of its immunogenicity

Y.B. Wang S.W. Wang Q.Y. Jin L.P. Chen F.Q. Zhang J.J. Shi Y. Yin Z.X. Fan X.Y. Liu L.P. Wang P. Li
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2023 | vol. 26 | No 4 | 571-579 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.148277
Keywords SARS-CoV-2 optimization of expression conditions water-soluble nucleocapsid protein immunogenicity analysis
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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to be a major public health concern. Nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most abundant structural protein on SARS-CoV-2 virions and induces the production of antibodies at the early stage of infection. Large-scale preparation of N protein is essential for the development of immunoassays to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the control of virus transmission. In this study, expression of water-soluble N protein was achieved through inducing protein expression at 25°C with 0.5 mM IPTG for 12 h. Western blot and ELISA showed that recombinant N protein could be recognized by sera collected from subjects immunized with Sinovac inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Four monoclonal antibodies namely 2B1B1, 4D3A3, 5G1F8, and 7C6F5 were produced using hybridoma technology. Titers of all four monoclonal antibodies in ELISA reached more than 1.28×10 6.0. Moreover, all monoclonal antibodies could react specifically with N protein expressed by transfection of pcDNA3.1-N into BHK-21 cells in IPMA and IFA. These results indicated that water-soluble N protein retained high immunogenicity and possessed the same epitopes as that of native N protein on virions. In addition, the preparation of water-soluble N protein and its monoclonal antibodies laid the basis for the development of immunoassays for COVID-19 detection.
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Authors and Affiliations

Y.B. Wang
1
S.W. Wang
2
Q.Y. Jin
3
L.P. Chen
4
F.Q. Zhang
1
J.J. Shi
1
Y. Yin
5
Z.X. Fan
1
X.Y. Liu
6
L.P. Wang
6
P. Li
6
  1. School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R. China
  2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R. China
  3. Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China
  4. Gushi County Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xinyang 465200, P.R. China
  5. Mingde College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R. China
  6. School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R. China

Theater Pushed to the Limits by the Pandemic

Maria Babicka Justyna Czarnota-Misztal
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 2 (70) Boundaries | 54-59 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.139450
Keywords COVID-19 pandemic SARS-CoV-2 theatre sociological research “New Forms of Existence”
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Abstract

The pandemic has exposed the precarious employment situation of artists, but also created a chance for truly equal access to theater. Maria Babicka and Justyna Czarnota-Misztal discuss the findings of a set of studies on how Polish theaters have coped in these trying times.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Babicka
1 2
Justyna Czarnota-Misztal
3
  1. Department of Culture Research, Methods at the Institute of Applied Social Sciences, University of Warsaw
  2. Department of Theater Pedagogy, Zbigniew Raszewski Theater Institute
  3. Department of Theatre Pedagogy, Zbigniew Raszewski Theatre Institute

Crisis Remote Education from the Perspective of One-year Experience of Academic Teachers

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 213-219 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2021.135967
Keywords crisis remote education higher education distance teaching distance learning emergency e-learning COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2
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Abstract

The article presents the results of the questionnaire research carried out after the first and repeated after the second semester of crisis distance education, conducted at the Academy of Special Education. Academic lecturers participating in the study indicate a significant decrease in the level of commitment, activity, the regularity of work and the quality of performing tasks presented by students. Lecturers benefit from training and technical support organized by the university. They feel an acute inability to contact students personally, but appreciate the time savings and no need to travel to work. The respondents point to the problem of controlling student integrity during remote examinations. Growing experience in remote education results in higher IT competences and conviction to this type of teaching.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk
1
Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
1
  1. The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland

Crisis Remote Education from the Perspective of One-year Experience of Students

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 221-227 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2021.135968
Keywords crisis remote education higher education distance teaching distance learning emergency e-learning students COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2
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Abstract

The article presents the results of the questionnaire research carried out after the first and repeated after the second semester of crisis remote education, conducted at The Maria Grzegorzewska University. Students participating in the study indicate a significant increase in their IT competences and the level of remote education. They declare a similar, high level of commitment and independence during classes. They indicate that commitment, activity, contact with the lecturers, regularity and quality of work, as well as the adequacy of the grades given are better during traditional education, although their timeliness is higher during distance education. The computer equipment of students and the way of accessing the Internet have not changed significantly. 20% of respondents admitted to using unauthorized assistance during exams. In the statements of students, on the one hand, there is a desire to return to social contacts and traditional classes, and on the other hand, a desire to maintain remote education, associated with the comfort of home-based learning and independence.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk
1
Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
1
  1. The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland

Effective inactivation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus on contaminated surgery masks by low-concentrated sodium hypochlorite dispersion

M. Antas A. Szczotka-Bochniarz G. Woźniakowski
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2020 | vol. 23 | No 4 | 647-650 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2020.135801
Keywords coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 disinfection surgery/protective masks dispersion portable humidifier porcine epidemic diarrhea PEDV sodium hypochlorite
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Abstract

Coronaviruses present a considerable concern for humans and animals. The current world- wide pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 virus showed many gaps in understanding of coronaviruses spread and transmission. Because of lack of effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 the only preventive measures are represented by wearing protective masks and gloves thus limiting potential risk of contact with the airborne virus. Inversely, the limited time of protective function of the masks presents another drawback of their use. Therefore, the application of disinfection agent dispersed on the surface of protective masks may enhance their effectivity and safety of their application. The aim of the study was to examine the virucidal efficacy of low-concentra- ted sodium hypochlorite dispersed using ultrasonic humidifier on the surface of surgery masks. The study was conducted using SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus, namely porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) representing a model with similar biophysical properties and genomic structure to human coronaviruses. Five different concentrations of the disinfectant with different content of sodium hypochlorite were selected for the study. A final concentration of 0.228 g/L sodium hypochlorite effectively inactivated the PED virus and may support the biosafety of masks usage.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Antas
A. Szczotka-Bochniarz
G. Woźniakowski

Development and preclinical evaluation of equine-derived hyperimmune serum against SARS-CoV-2 infection in K-18 hACE2 transgenic (Tg) mice

E.A. Onen E.K. Demirci
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 1 | 61-74 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149336
Keywords COVID-19 cytokines equine-derived hyperimmune serum heart histology K18 hACE2 mice lung SARS-CoV-2
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Abstract

This study aimed to develop an equine-derived hyperimmune serum against SARS-CoV-2 and evaluate its efficacy as a potential immunotherapy tool for the treatment of known and potential variants of COVID-19 in preclinical trials.
The novelty of this study is the whole virus and ALUM gel adjuvant formula. The horses were immunized using a whole inactivated SARS-CoV-2 antigen, and the final purified hyperimmune serum showed high plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT 50) neutralizing titers. The efficacy of the hyperimmune serum was evaluated histopathologically and biochemically in the lungs, hearts, and serum of K18 hACE2 transgenic mice (n=45), which is an accepted model organism for SARS-CoV-2 studies and was challenged with live SARS-CoV-2.
Serum treatment improved the general condition, resulting in lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood plasma, as well as reduced viral RNA titers in the lungs and hearts. Additionally, it reduced oxidative stress significantly and lessened the severity of interstitial pneumonia in the lungs when compared to infected positive controls.
The study concluded that equine-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies could be used for COVID-19 prevention and treatment, especially in the early stages of the disease and in combination with antiviral drugs and vaccines. This treatment will benefit special patient populations such as immunocompromised individuals, as specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can neutralize the virus before it enters host cells. The rapid and cost-effective production of the serum allows for its availability during the acute phase of the disease, making it a critical intervention in preventing the spread of the disease and saving lives in new variants where a vaccine is not yet developed.
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Authors and Affiliations

E.A. Onen
1
E.K. Demirci
2
  1. Kocak Pharmaceutical Company, Biotechnology and Vaccine R&D, Tekirdag, Turkey
  2. Histology and Embryology Department, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine,Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

CRACoV-HHS: an interdisciplinary project for multi-specialist hospital and non-hospital care for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection as well hospital staff assessment for infection exposure

Wojciech Sydor Barbara Wizner Magdalena Strach Monika Bociąga-Jasik Krzysztof Mydel Agnieszka Olszanecka Marek Sanak Maciej Małecki Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach Robert Chrzan Aleksander Garlicki Tomasz Gosiewski Marcin Krzanowski Jarosław Surowiec Stefan Bednarz Marcin Jędrychowski Tomasz Grodzicki The CraCoV-HHS Investigators
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2021 | Vol. 61 | No 4 | 5-44 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2021.140002
Keywords SARS-CoV-2 infection patients with COVID-19 hospital care non-hospital care remote care multi-specialists care observational study medical staff
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Abstract

The complex course of the COVID-19 and the distant complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection still remain an unfaded challenge for modern medicine. The care of patients with the sympto-matic course of COVID-19 exceeds the competence of a single specialty, often requiring a multispecialist approach. The CRACoV-HHS (CRAcow in CoVid pandemic — Home, Hospital and Staff) project has been developed by a team of scientists and clinicians with the aim of optimizing medical care at hospital and ambulatory settings and treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The CRACoV project integrates 26 basic and clinical research from multiple medical disciplines, involving different populations infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus and exposed to infection.
Between January 2021 and April 2022 we plan to recruit subjects among patients diagnosed and treated in the University Hospital in Cracow, the largest public hospital in Poland, i.e. 1) patients admitted to the hospital due to COVID-19 [main module: ‘Hospital’]; 2) patients with signs of infection who have been confirmed as having SARS-CoV-2 infection and have been referred to home isolation due to their mild course (module: ‘Home isolation’); 3) patients with symptoms of infection and high exposure to SARS- CoV-2 who have a negative RT-PCR test result. In addition, survey in various professional groups of hospital employees, both medical and non-medical, and final-fifth year medical students (module: ‘Staff’) is planned.
The project carries both scientific and practical dimension and is expected to develop a multidisciplinary model of care of COVID-19 patients as well as recommendations for the management of particular groups of patients including: asymptomatic patient or with mild symptoms of COVID-19; symptomatic patients requiring hospitalization due to more severe clinical course of disease and organ complications; patient requiring surgery; patient with diabetes; patient requiring psychological support; patient with undesirable consequences of pharmacological treatment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Sydor
1 2
Barbara Wizner
3
Magdalena Strach
2
Monika Bociąga-Jasik
4 5
Krzysztof Mydel
6
Agnieszka Olszanecka
7
Marek Sanak
8 5
Maciej Małecki
9 5
Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
10
Robert Chrzan
11
Aleksander Garlicki
4 5
Tomasz Gosiewski
12 5
Marcin Krzanowski
13 5
Jarosław Surowiec
14 5
Stefan Bednarz
15 5
Marcin Jędrychowski
16 5
Tomasz Grodzicki
3 5
The CraCoV-HHS Investigators
  1. Center for Innovative Therapies, Clinical Research Coordination Center, University Hospital in Cracow, Poland
  2. Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
  3. Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
  4. Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
  5. Steering Committee of the CRACoV-HHS
  6. Deputy Director for Coordination and Development, University Hospital in Cracow, Poland
  7. Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
  8. 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
  9. Department of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
  10. Chair of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
  11. Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
  12. Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
  13. Department of Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Jagiellonian University Medical College; Deputy Medical Director, University Hospital in Cracow, Poland
  14. Head of Quality, Hygiene and Infection Control Section at University Hospital in Cracow, Poland
  15. Head of Primary Care Unit at University Hospital in Cracow, Poland
  16. Director of University Hospital in Cracow, Poland

Academic Lecturers Towards the Students' Examining. Similarities and Differences of Stationary and Remote Exams in the Pandemic Era

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 63-68 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139849
Keywords crisis remote education higher education distance teaching distance learning emergency e-learning students lecturers exams assessment COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2
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Abstract

The article concerns the opinion on stationary and remote examinations carried out during a pandemic, perceived from the perspective of examiners. The aim of the study was to find out about the perspective of academic teachers on remote examination at The Maria Grzegorzewska University and to compare it with the traditional, stationary exams. The subject of the research were, inter alia, the forms of checking knowledge and skills used by lecturers, the motivations driving their choice, problems arising during the exams, as well as the way of taking into account the special needs of the examinees. The research used the method of diagnostic survey. The obtained results indicate that, according to the lecturers, the students' independence during remote exams is smaller and the intensity of using unauthorized help by them is greater. Remote exams generate more problems - technical and related to the dishonesty of students. Lecturers hardly recognize and take into account the special educational needs of students during remote exams.
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Authors and Affiliations

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk
1
Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
1
  1. The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Poland

Remote and Stationary Examinations in the Opinion of Students

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 69-75 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139850
Keywords crisis remote education higher education distance teaching distance learning emergency e-learning students exams assessment COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2
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Abstract

The article concerns the opinion on stationary and remote examinations carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, perceived from the perspective of the assessed students. The study aimed to find out about the students' perspective on remote final and midterm exams at The Maria Grzegorzewska University and to attempt to compare it with the traditional examination. The subject of the research was, among others, the forms of checking knowledge and skills, problems arising during the exams, as well as the way of taking into account the special needs of the examtakers. The students' opinions on the above-mentioned issues and their preferences regarding the examination situation were taken into account. The research used the method of diagnostic survey. The obtained results indicate that students during remote exams declare a higher level of stress related to potential technical problems, and in the case of stationary examinations the problem is chaos, noise and distraction. Regardless of the form of the exam, a similar percentage of students declare that they do not cheat - 73.53% during full-time exams, 68.49% pass fair during remote exams. The most common form of cheating during remote examinations is the use of previously prepared notes (21.85%), and 2.52% use the help of colleagues.
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Authors and Affiliations

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk
1
Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
1
  1. The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Poland

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