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Abstrakt

Niniejsza analiza jest poświęcona cechom językowym tweetów występujących w interakcji z klientami na profilach angielskich oraz polskich firm. Analiza obejmuje badanie struktury tweetów, frekwencji słów, występowania elementów nieformalnych i niestandardowych, błędów językowych, użycia emotikonów oraz hashtagów. Badanie porównuje język stosowany przez reprezentantów firm angielskich oraz polskich i wyszczególnia szereg podobieństw oraz różnic pomiędzy analizowanymi korpusami. Cechą wspólną dla tweetów angielskich i polskich jest wysoka frekwencja aktów grzecznościowych oraz struktur odzwierciedlających nakierowanie na klienta w dyskursie. Różnice dotyczą frekwencji występowania i użycia języka nieformalnego, struktur niestandardowych, emotikonów oraz hashtagów, jak również struktury i złożoności tweetów. Badanie wskazuje na niższy poziom formuliczności i większą indywidualizację interakcji na polskich profilach.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Tereszkiewicz
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Abstrakt

The “fake” past tense is a linguistic phenomenon that occurs when the past tense morpheme does not refer to the past time. The paper aims to show the application of mental models in translation and translation teaching in the example of counterfactual constructions that include the past tense without temporal meaning, e.g., “If Sam knew the answer, James would know the answer”. The author illustrates fake past tense cues in different languages and applies concepts from cognitive theories.
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Bibliografia

ALBERDING M. (2004): Counterfactual Conditionals, Mental Spaces, and ESL Pedagogy, “CELE Journal”, 12: 34–52.
ARREGUI A. (2006): On the role of the perfect in would-conditionals, “Proceedings of the 2005 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association”, 1/50: 1–12.
ARREGUI A. (2009): On similarity in counterfactuals, “Linguistics and Philosophy”, 3/32: 245–278.
BJORKMAN B.M., HALPERT C. (2017): In an imperfect world: Deriving the typology of counterfactual marking, in: ARREGUI A., RIVERO M., SALANOVA A. (eds.), Modality Across Syntactic Categories, Oxford University Press, Oxford: 1–22.
BYRNE R.M. (2005): The Rational Imagination: How People Create Alternatives to Reality, MIT Press, Cambridge.
FAUCONNIER G., TURNER M.B. (1998): Conceptual Integration Networks, “Cognitive Science”, 2/ 22: 133–187.
FAUCONNIER G. (2000): Methods and Generalizations, in: THEO J., GISELA R. (eds.), Scope and Foundations of Cognitive Linguistics, Mouton De Gruyter, Hague: 95–128.
FELDMAN J.A. (2006): From Molecule to Metaphor: A Neural Theory of Language, MIT Press, Cambridge.
FERREIRA M. (2014): Displaced aspect in counterfactuals: towards a more unified theory of imperfectivity, in: LUKA CRNIˇC and ULI SAUERLAND (eds.), The Art and Craft of Semantics: A Festschrift for Irene Heim, MITWPL, Cambridge: 147–164
FILLENBAUM S. (1974): Information amplified: Memory for counterfactual conditionals, “Journal of Experimental Psychology”, 1/102: 44–49.
GILE D. (2009): Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training, John Benjamins, Amsterdam.
IATRIDOU S. (2000): The Grammatical Ingredients of Counterfactuality, “Linguistic Inquiry”, 2/31: 231–270.
JOHNSON-LAIRD P.N., BYRNE R.M. (1991): Essays in Cognitive Psychology. Deduction, NJ: Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
KARAWANI H. (2014): The real, the fake, and the fake fake: In counterfactual conditionals, crosslinguistically, LOT, Netherlands.
KRATZER A. (1991): Conditionals, in: VON STECHOW A., WUNDERLICH D. (eds.), Semantics: An international handbook of contemporary research, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin: 651–656.
KULAKOVA E., NIEUWLAND M.S. (2016): Understanding counterfactuality: A review of experimental evidence for the dual meaning of counterfactual, “Language and Linguistics compass”, 2/10: 49–65.
LEVINSON S. (2000): Presumptive Meaning. The Theory of Generalized Conversational Implicature, MIT Press, Cambridge.
LEWANDOWSKA-TOMASZCZYK B. (2015): Equivalence, in: BOGUCKI L. (ed.), Ways to Translation, University of Lodz, Lodz: 11–54.
MACKAY J. (2019): Modal interpretation of tense in subjunctive conditionals, “Semantics and Pragmatics”, 2/12: 1–29.
MANDEL D. (2003): Counterfactuals, emotions, and context. “Cognition and emotion”, 1/17: 139–159.
ORENES I., GARCÍA-MADRUGA J.A., GÓMEZ-VEIGA I., ESPINO O., BYRNE R.M. (2019): The comprehension of counterfactual conditionals: Evidence from eye-tracking in the visual world paradigm, “Frontiers in psychology”, 10/1172: 1–19.
PŁUŻYCZKA M. (2009): Dydaktyka translacji – rozważania terminologiczne, „Przegląd glotto-dydaktyczny”, 26: 195–200.
ID. (2011): Wybrane trudności translacyjne a proces translodydaktyczny, in: PIOTROWSKI S. (ed.), O nauczaniu i uczeniu się języka obcego dla potrzeb zawodowych, Lublin: 88–97.
ID. (2020): Tracking mental processes in sight translation: Neurobiological determinants of selected eyetracking parameters, “Translation, Cognition & Behavior”, 2/3: 209–232.
REBOUL A. (2004): Conversational Implicatures: Nonce or Generalized?, in: Experimental Pragmatic, Palgrave Macmillan, London: 322–333.
SCHULZ K. (2017): Fake perfect in X-marked conditionals, “Semantics and Linguistic Theory”, 27: 547–570.
SICKINGER P. (2017): Aiming for cognitive equivalence–mental models as a tertium comparationis for translation and empirical semantics, “Research in Language”, 2/15: 213–236.
VON FINTEL K. (2014): Subjunctive conditionals, in: GILLIAN R., DELIA G.F. (eds.), Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Language, Routledge, Oxfordshire: 485–496.
VON FINTEL K., IATRIDOU, S. (2020): Prolegomena to a theory of X-marking, Ms. under review for “Linguistics and Philosophy”.
VON PRINCE K. (2019): Counterfactuality and past, “Linguistics and Philosophy”, 6/42: 577–615.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ainur Kakimova
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Warszawski

Abstrakt

The purpose of the present article is a contrastive analysis of the verbs and verbal forms expressing the spatial situation in the Pericope Adulterae from the point of view of their translations into Polish and French starting from the original Greek biblical text. The author presents the general context of the pericope, its controversial place in the Gospel of John as well as its construction and its linguistic specificities. Starting from the original text of this biblical passage, then are listed the Greek verbs which express a spatial situation and are subjected to the analysis from the point of view of their forms and their meaning. According to the Polish and French translations chosen from this evangelical episode, the author proceeds to the comparison of the proposed equivalents and presents the comments which ensue. The analysis of translations demonstrates that some of the equivalents are analogous for two or all of the three languages, and some are typical only to one of the three languages.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Aleksandra Żłobińska-Nowak

Abstrakt

The Serbian Language as Viewed by the East and the West: Synchrony, Diachrony, and Typology, edited by Ljudmila Popović and Motoki Nomachi is a collection of papers which were originally presented at the symposium on February 5th in 2014 at the Slavic-Euroasian Research Center of Hokkaido University. The authors analyze various examples of language contact and linguistic change in the history of the Serbian language with special attention to the cultural opposition of the East and West. In the last section, the results of contrastive analyses of Serbian and Japanese, Russian as well as other Slavic languages are presented. With regard to the topics discussed and high quality of all the studies (most authors are renowned linguists) the volume has a big value for contemporary Slavic linguistics.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marcin Grygiel

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