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A field trial on the transfer of pyrimethanil, cyprodinil and cyflufenamid residues from apple trees of Idared cultivar to hives by honeybees Apis mellifera was carried out. Two days after spraying (Faban 500 SC and Kendo 50 EW), and on the day of spraying (Chorus 50 WG), the quantities of residues on leaves and flowers of apple trees and pollen were as follows: pyrimethanil: 1.45 μg per cm2 of leaves, 11.51 μg per single flower and 7.18 μg · g −1 of pollen, cyprodinil:1.35, 8.64 and 7.94 μg, and cyflufenamid: 0.064, 0.266 and 0.11 μg, respectively. All of them subsequently disappeared exponentially. Two days after, and on the day of spraying, pyrimethanil (1.81 μg · g −1), cyprodinil (up to 0.55 μg · g −1) and cyflufenamid (0.04 μg · g −1) were found in worker bees. Residues of all used chemicals were found in the brood, honey and wax samples. The residues of pyrimethanil, cyprodinil and cyflufenamid in worker bees exceeded the level of 0.2% of the LD50, which indicates that their application rates (doses) are safe for the honey bee.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Bartosz Piechowicz
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Aleksandra Kuliga
1
Damian Kobylarz
1
Anna Koziorowska
2 3
ORCID: ORCID
Lech Zaręba
4
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena Podbielska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Iwona Piechowicz
5
Stanisław Sadło
6

  1. Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Poland
  2. Interdisciplinary Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research, University of Rzeszów, Poland
  3. Institute of Material Engineering, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Poland
  4. Interdisciplinary Centre for Computational Modelling, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Poland
  5. Independent researcher, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Poland
  6. Professor retired, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Poland

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