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Abstrakt

In 2017, the Central Mining Institute (GIG), Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa SA (JSW SA), the largest producer of coking coal in Europe, and JOY KOMATSU, the producer of mining machinery, signed a consortium. The project’s main goal was to reduce the costs of driving mine workings by reintroducing the rock bolt support. The works began in November 2019, and for the first time in the history of Polish coal mining, a Bolter Miner machine was used for the purpose. The paper presents the results of measuring the axial forces in rock bolts at the measurement base and their analysis with numerical modelling.
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Bibliografia

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[7] C . Cao, PhD thesis, Bolt profile configuration and load transfer capacity optimisation. School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong (2012).
[8] D .R. Dolinar, S.K. Bhatt, Trends in roof bolt application. Proceedings: new technology for coal mine roof support. C. Mark, D.R. Dolinar, R.J. Tuchman, T.M. Barczak, S.P. Signer, P.F. Wopat, (Eds.) Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2000-151 (IC 9453), 43-51 (2000).
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[13] H. Jalalifar, PhD thesis, A new approach in determining the load transfer mechanism in fully grouted bolts. School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong (2006).
[14] H. Jurecka, Ankerausbau eine Schlüsseltechnologie für Hochleistungsstrebbetriebe in großen Teufen. Aachen International Mining Symposia, 4th International Symposium – Roofbolting in Mining, RWTH Aachen, 1-17 (2001).
[15] V. Kajzar, R. Kukutsch, P. Waclawik, P. Konicek, Coal pillar deformation monitoring using terrestrial laser scanner technology in room and pillar panel – A case study from the Ostrava-Karvina Coal Field. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering: From the Past to the Future – Ulusay et al. (Eds.), Taylor & Francis Group, London, 951-956 (2016).
[16] H. Kang, Support technologies for deep and complex roadways in underground coal mines: a review. Int. J. Coal Sci. Technol. 1 (3), 261-277 (2014). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-014-0043-0
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[34] A. Sahebi, J. Hossein, M. Ebrahimi, Stability analysis and optimum support design of a roadway in a faulted zone during longwall face retreat – case study: Tabas Coal Mine. N. Aziz (Eds.), 10th Underground Coal Operators’ Conference, University of Wollongong & the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 88-96 (2010).
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Wojciech Masny
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Nita
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jerzy Ficek
3

  1. Central Mining Institute, 1 Gwarków Sq., 40-166 Katowice, Poland
  2. Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa SA, KWK „Budryk”, Poland
  3. „Geofic“ Scientific and Technical Office, Poland

Abstrakt

Ocena zachowania się górotworu wokół wyrobisk i skuteczności ich wzmacniania w podziemnych kopalniach rud jest uzależniona od efektywności współpracy obudowy kotwowej z górotworem, którą można oceniać na podstawie odpowiednio zaprojektowanych pomiarów. Na tle opisanych w literaturze kilku rozwiązań dotyczących sposobów monitorowania obciążenia obudów kotwowych autorzy zaproponowali nowe, oryginalne urządzenie umożliwiające masowe pomiary w warunkach kopalnianych. Po przeanalizowaniu zalet i wad istniejących konstrukcji w artykule przedstawiono istotę, zasadę działania oraz metodę pomiaru obciążenia kotwy w wyrobisku podziemnym za pomocą nowego przyrządu. Wykonany prototyp WK-2/8 został wycechowany oraz przetestowany z powodzeniem w warunkach laboratoryjnych w pełnym zakresie pomiarowym. Przyrząd ten, nazwany również wskaźnikiem lub podkładką dynamometryczną, nie wymaga zasilania elektrycznego i umożliwia, stosunkowo precyzyjne (z rozdzielczością 10–14 kN, w zakresie do około 90 kN) i zdalne odczytanie wartości siły osiowej obciążającej kotew (patent AGH) przez każdą osobę znajdującą się w określonym rejonie. Przyrząd może być instalowany w wyrobiskach górniczych w warunkach istniejących obciążeń. Stosunkowo niski koszt wykonania przyrządu pomiarowego, stanowiącego dodatkową podkładkę, jak również łatwy sposób montażu, umożliwiają jego powszechne zastosowanie w kopalniach, gdzie stosuje się kotwienie jako sposób wzmacniania górotworu.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Waldemar Korzeniowski
Krzysztof Skrzypkowski
Łukasz Herezy

Abstrakt

W artykule przedstawiono statyczne badania żerdzi kotwowej wykonanej z tworzywa sztucznego o długości 5,5 m, które przeprowadzono na nowoczesnym stanowisku laboratoryjnym Katedry Górnictwa Podziemnego Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej. Scharakteryzowano innowacyjny Samowzbudny System Akustyczny (SAS) do pomiaru zmian naprężeń w obudowie kotwowej. System może zostać zastosowany do nieniszczącej oceny stanu wytężenia kotwi wokół wyrobisk górniczych jak również w tunelach. Celem badań było porównanie wyników rejestrowanych przez dwa różne systemy pomiarowe, dzięki którym będzie możliwa ocena obciążenia długiej obudowy kotwowej metodą nieniszczącą. Określając obciążenie obudowy kotwowej, należy mieć na uwadze szybkość i prostotę wykonania pomiaru, dostęp do czujnika, dokładność odczytu i pomiaru. Ponadto trzeba wziąć pod uwagę możliwość zniszczenia czujnika w wyniku procesu technologicznego lub występowania zagrożeń naturalnych. Pod względem ekonomicznym muszą być zachowane „techniczno-bilansowe prawa produkcji”, które wykluczają stosowanie czujników obciążenia na każdej z kotew. Stosowanie pojedynczych czujników obciążenia obudowy kotwowej w przypadku stanów granicznych pozwala na podejmowanie odpowiednich działań zabezpieczających załogę górniczą przed nagłą utratą stateczności wyrobiska. W pracy przedstawiono dwa podstawowe efekty wykorzystywane w ultradźwiękowym systemie pomiarowym. Pierwszym efektem było występowanie stabilnego cyklu granicznego drgań dla układu z dodatnim sprzężeniem zwrotnym. Efekt ten nazywany jest efektem samowzbudzenia. Drugi przywołany efekt to efekt elastoakustyczny. Oznacza on, że wraz ze zmianą naprężeń w materiale sprężystym następuje zmiana prędkości propagacji fali. W związku z tym zmienia się także czas jej propagacji pomiędzy głowicami. Efekt ten manifestuje się w zmianie częstotliwości drgań samowzbudnych. Z tego powodu poprzez pomiar częstotliwości drgań samowzbudnych możliwe jest pośrednie określenie stopnia wytężenia badanego materiału.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Krzysztof Skrzypkowski
Waldemar Korzeniowski
Krzysztof Zagórski
Krzysztof Lalik
Ireneusz Dominik
Janusz Kwaśniewski
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Abstrakt

Large deformation in roadways is an inevitable problem faced by many coal mines, and bolt installation is widely adopted to keep roadway stability. To provide a theoretical basis for bolt supporting scheme design in order to eliminate hazards associated with roadway failure, the interaction principle between bolts and the bolted strata should be studied thoroughly. This research attempts to investigate the above principle through theoretical analysis through a group of selected statistics from fifteen different coal mines. At the same time, the thick board support method was proposed and applied for controlling the ribs deformation in a particular coal mine. It is concluded that the interaction of the rock-bolt entity is subjected to the fluctuation balance law. When deformation increases, the bolted structure experiences periodic equilibrium variation. Both the supporting force needed to stabilise the surrounding rocks and the supporting capability of bolted strata show a trend of decrease in this process. The interaction principle of surrounding rocks and bolts is in essence the mechanical phenomenon caused by their mutual load transformation, and the load-carrying capacity varies with the bolted structure’s deformation, which is subjected to the following law: elastic roadway>plastic roadway> fractured roadway>broken roadway. The designed bolted thickness of the ribs should be more than 1/5 of roadway height to make full use of the self-stability of surrounding rocks. Finite Difference Method simulation and on-site monitoring data showed that the roof subsidence and ribs convergence of 2201 roadway in Shuguang coal mine was reduced by 83.7% and 88.6% respectively after utilising the proposed support method, indicating that the thick-board method was effective. Results of this research can lay a foundation for support design in large deformation roadways.
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Bibliografia

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Xun Yuan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shuangsuo Yang
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Sichuan University – The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Institute for Disaster Managementand Reconstruction, 610207 Chengdu, China
  2. Taiyuan University of Technology, College of Mining Engineering, 030024 Taiyuan, China

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