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Abstract

Apart from verbs, languages possess morphemes which are related to time without this connection being obvious to the speakers or felt by them. Such is the case of the articles, certain prepositions, conjunctions and particles. In the present article, I analyse particularly the indefinite and definite articles. These create a sequence that actualises a noun and then reactualises it, giving it thereby a past. Thus, I describe actualisation with the help of articles, but I also take up to discussion sequential and contextual actualisation. The examples I quote come mainly from French but, since actualisation is a general linguistic phenomenon, some of them represent languages which are structurally different from each other. The temporality rendered by the grammatical morphemes can express either past time or future time.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hans Lagerqvist
1

  1. Universite d’Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract

Traffic accident prediction is a crucial component of an intelligent traffic system, which is important to maintain citizen safety and decrease economic losses. Current methods for traffic accident prediction based on deep learning fail to consider the driving mechanisms of traffic accidents, so a novel traffic accident prediction method based on multi-view spatial-temporal learning is proposed, which represents the driving mechanism of traffic accidents from multiple views. Firstly, for the urban regions divided by grids, a new augmentation was designed to augment the spatial semantic information of regions through learnable semantic embedding, then deformable convolutional networks with non-fixed convolution kernels are used to learn dynamic spatial dependencies between regions and gated recurrent units are used to learn temporal dependencies, which can capture dynamic spatial-temporal evolution patterns of traffic accidents. Secondly, long short-term memory is employed to learn the traffic flow breakdown from the flow difference of adjacent time steps in each region to recognize the traffic accident precursor in the risk environment. Thirdly, accident patterns in different regions are learned from historical traffic flow to determine whether the flow is the dominant factor and capture the spatial heterogeneity of traffic accidents. Finally, the above features are fused for accident prediction at the regional level. Experiments are conducted on two real datasets, and the experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms eight benchmark methods.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jian Feng
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tian Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yuqiang Qiao
2

  1. College of Computer Science & Technology, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710000, China
  2. Shaanxi Branch, China United Network Communications Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710000, China
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Abstract

This article explores the methodological and practical aspects of the history of concepts. In central focus is Reinhart Koselleck’s theory of the principal shift in the meanings of basic concepts (Sattelzeit) and its implications.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Widzicka
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Abstract

The scarcity of annual rainfall, which sometimes spreads over successive years, causes persistent droughts. In order to study the drought severity on the Algerian steppe, we analysed precipitation data (1985–2015) from the weather stations of Ain Sefra, El Bayadh, Tiaret and Djelfa, using drought meteorological indices: the mean deviation, the standardised precipitation index, the rainfall index and the frequency analysis of the rainfall series. Thus, we adopted the diachronic study by satellite remote sensing for the years 2002 (the driest year) and 2009 (the wettest year), which allowed us to better understand the evolution of the steppe rangelands surface and to better interpret their spatial-temporal changes. Drought, as determined by the mean deviation index, occurred during two periods (in sequence and corresponds to 55% the sequences of deficit years), one over 12 years (from 1994/1993 to 2006/2005) and the other over 5 years (1985–1990) and with isolated years. The results of the diachronic study of the vegetation change demonstrate the obvious divergence of the vegetation cover between 2002 and 2009. Drought has impacts on vegetation composition, growth, productivity, structure and functioning of ecosystems, which limits regeneration of vegetation cover.
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Authors and Affiliations

Said Bouarfa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yassine Farhi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Okkacha Youb
1
ORCID: ORCID
Meriem Boultf
1
ORCID: ORCID
Warda Djoudi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohammed Faci
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Centre for Scientific and Technical Research on Arid Regions Omar El Bernaoui – CRSTRA, Campus Universitaire, Med Kheider, BP 1682 R.P Biskra 07000, Algeria
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Abstract

This data article aimed to evaluate the influencing mechanisms of the nutrients and the level of eutrophication in the Yangtze River estuary. The seasonal characteristics of nutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), SiO32−–Si, and PO4 3–P) in the seawater of the Yangtze River estuary were analyzed by conducting surveys in spring and summer of 2019. The findings revealed that the concentrations of all nutrient at the surface and bottom layers were lower in spring compared to summer. NO3 −–N was typically the major form of DIN. Runoff was identified as the primary source of DIN and SiO3 2−–Si, while PO4 3−–P originated from a various sources.The SiO32−–Si/PO43−–P and DIN/PO43−–P values in the surface and bottom layers during the spring and summer were higher than the Redfield values, indicating an imbalanced nutrient distribution. Furthermore, discrepancies were observed in the distributions of DIN/PO4 3−–P, SiO3 2−–Si/DIN, and SiO3 2−–Si/PO4 3−–P in the Yangtze River estuary. Through an examination of the ratio of DIN/PO4 3−–P absorbed by phytoplankton, PO4 3−–P was identified as a potential limiting factor for nutrition in the sea area of the Yangtze River estuary during spring and summer. The Eutrophication Index (E) values for both spring and summer were found to be higher than the eutrophication threshold, indicating severe eutrophication in the studied sea area.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lei Li
1
Guodong Xv
1
Yingjie Zheng
1
Mei Jiang
1

  1. East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China
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Abstract

The anatomy of the human temporal bone is complex and, therefore, poses unique challenges for students. Furthermore, temporal bones are frequently damaged from handling in educational settings due to their inherent fragility. This report details the production of a durable physical replica of the adult human temporal bone, manufactured using 3D printing technology. The physical replica was printed from a highly accurate virtual 3D model generated from CT scans of an isolated temporal bone. Both the virtual and physical 3D models accurately reproduced the surface anatomy of the temporal bone. Therefore, virtual and physical 3D models of the temporal bone can be used for educational purposes in order to supplant the use of damaged or otherwise fragile human temporal bones.

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Skrzat
Matthew J. Zdilla
Paweł Brzegowy
Mateusz Hołda
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Abstract

Speech enhancement in strong noise condition is a challenging problem. Low-rank and sparse matrix decomposition (LSMD) theory has been applied to speech enhancement recently and good performance was obtained. Existing LSMD algorithms consider each frame as an individual observation. However, real-world speeches usually have a temporal structure, and their acoustic characteristics vary slowly as a function of time. In this paper, we propose a temporal continuity constrained low-rank sparse matrix decomposition (TCCLSMD) based speech enhancement method. In this method, speech separation is formulated as a TCCLSMD problem and temporal continuity constraints are imposed in the LSMD process. We develop an alternative optimisation algorithm for noisy spectrogram decomposition. By means of TCCLSMD, the recovery speech spectrogram is more consistent with the structure of the clean speech spectrogram, and it can lead to more stable and reasonable results than the existing LSMD algorithm. Experiments with various types of noises show the proposed algorithm can achieve a better performance than traditional speech enhancement algorithms, in terms of yielding less residual noise and lower speech distortion.

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Authors and Affiliations

Chengli Sun
Conglin Yuan
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Abstract

Groundwater contamination with fluoride is a major global issue, contributing to 65% of endemic fluorosis cases worldwide. This study evaluates the seasonal variations in groundwater fluoride concentrations and their connection to health risks in the Tolon District, Ghana. A total of ninety-seven groundwater samples were examined over two seasons to assess fluoride (F−) concentrations. Levels of F− varied from undetectable levels to 1.30 mg∙dm−3 and had an average of 0.24 mg∙dm−3 during the rainy season. In the dry season, it varied from undetectable levels to 2.08 mg∙dm−3 and had an average of 0.36 mg∙dm−3. Significant spatial and temporal variations were observed, with lower fluoride levels in the northern part of the area and higher levels in the southern region during both seasons. Approximately 84% and 74% of samples fell into group I (optimal for dental health), and 16% and 21% into group II (moderate risk of dental fluorosis) during rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Additionally, 5% of the samples during the dry season fell into group III (high risk of dental fluorosis). Hazard quotient (HQ) values for fluoride varied widely, with higher risks observed in children compared to adults during both seasons. This study highlights that children in the Tolon district face greater risks of fluorosis than adults, emphasising the need for targeted mitigation strategies. The research contributes significantly to addressing the pressing global issue of water quality and public health, offering insights that can guide both immediate interventions and long-term sustainability efforts in affected regions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ezeldin I. Nogara
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Maxwell Anim-Gyampo
3
ORCID: ORCID
Shaibu A. Ganiyu
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University for Development Studies, West African Center for Water, Irrigation and Sustainable Agriculture (WACWISA), P.O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana
  2. University for Development Studies, Department of Agricultural Engineering, P.O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana
  3. University for Development Studies, Department of Geological Engineering, P.O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana
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Abstract

The current study is dedicated to measuring vowel temporal acoustics (duration, durational difference, and durational ratio) in the medial position of mostly CVCVCV polysyllabic words in Arabic and Japanese, avoiding the asymmetries in vowel position, syllable structure, and coda consonant quantity (singleton versus geminate) observed in previous experiments. Twenty-nine (16 Arabic and 13 Japanese) participants were asked to use a carrier sentence to produce 60 polysyllabic (mainly CVCVCV) items that contrasted in vowel quantity (short versus long) and vowel quality (/a/, /i/, and /u/) at a normal speech rate. The results show that while short and long vowels are durationally distinct within a language, Japanese vowels are clearly longer than Arabic vowels, although the durational difference remains approximately the same between the two languages. The durational ratio of short-to-long vowel presents a new pattern that contrasts with that reported in earlier research. Specifically, Japanese long vowels in the medial position of polysyllabic words are twice as long as their short counterparts, while Arabic long vowels are more than twice as long. This shows that both vowel position and syllable structure must be considered when measuring vowel temporal acoustics or when structuring stimuli for perception experiments.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yahya Aldholmi
1

  1. Department of Linguistics and Translation Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract

Predicting wind power generation is essential to ensure the stability and efficiency of power systems. Accurate predictions enable better planning and management of energy reserves, minimizing operational costs and helping grid operators mitigate the adverse effects of wind generation fluctuations. The primary objective of the presented study is to develop an accurate wind power prediction method and apply it to Poland's conditions. Among many emerging methods, the Temporal Fusion Transformers (TFT) method is particularly well-suited for wind power generation forecasting, as it models complex, nonlinear dependencies in time series data. The TFT method combines self-attention mechanisms and recurrent networks, capturing long-term dependencies and short-term changes in input data. Additionally, TFT enables the effective use of contextual information, improving forecast accuracy. The numerical weather data was collected, and the feature extraction was performed. The features, such as time series data, have been used to train and test the different TFT networks. After the training and testing stage, an error analysis was performed. The final results showed similar or improved accuracy in wind generation forecasts compared to other methods in increased variability of weather conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Weronika Jachuła
M Wydra
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Abstract

Pedestrian trajectory prediction provides crucial data support for the development of smart cities. Existing pedestrian trajectory prediction methods often overlook the different types of pedestrian interactions and the micro-level spatial-temporal relationships when handling the interaction information in spatial and temporal dimensions. The model employs a spatial-temporal attention-based fusion graph convolutional framework to predict future pedestrian trajectories. For the different types of local and global relationships between pedestrians, it first employs spatial-temporal attention mechanisms to capture dependencies in pedestrian sequence data, obtaining the social interactions of pedestrians in spatial contexts and the movement trends of pedestrians over time. Subsequently, a fusion graph convolutional module merges the temporal weight matrix and the spatial weight matrix into a spatial-temporal fusion feature map. Finally, a decoder section utilizes time-stacked convolutional neural networks to predict future trajectories. The final validation on the ETH and UCY datasets yielded experimental results with an average displacement error (ADE) of 0.34 and an final displacement error (FDE) of 0.55. The visualization results further demonstrated the rationality of the model.
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Authors and Affiliations

Guihong Lui
1
Chenying Pan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaoyan Zhang
1
Qiangkui Leng
1

  1. School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao, Liaoning, China
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Abstract

Developments in agriculture, industry, and urban life have caused the deterioration of water resources, such as rivers and reservoirs in terms of their quality and quantity. This includes the Saguling Reservoir located in the Citarum Basin, Indonesia. A review of previous studies reveals that the water quality index ( WQI) is efficient for the identification of pollution sources, as well as for the understanding of temporal and spatial variations in reservoir water quality. The NSFWQI (The National Sanitation Foundation water quality index) is one of WQI calculation methods. The NSFWQI is commonly used as an indi-cator of surface water quality. It is based on nitrate, phosphate, turbidity, temperature, faecal coliform, pH, DO, TDS, and BOD. The average NSFWQI has been 48.42 during a dry year, 43.97 during a normal year, and 45.82 during a wet year. The WQI helped to classify water quality in the Saguling Reservoir as “bad”. This study reveals that the strongest and most significant correlation between the parameter concentration and the WQI is the turbidity concentration, for which the coeffi-cient correlation is 0.821 in a dry year, and faecal coli, for which the coefficient correlation is 0.729 in a dry year. Both parameters can be used to calculate the WQI. The research also included a nitrate concentration distribution analysis around the Saguling Reservoir using the Inverse Distance Weighted method.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mariana Marselina
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anwar Sabar
1
Nurul Fahimah
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Bandung Institute of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jl. Ganesha No 10, Bandung, Indonesia
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Abstract

Computational gait analysis constitutes a useful tool for quantitative assessment of gait disturbances, improving functional diag nosis, assessment of treatment planning, and monitoring of disease progress. There is little research on use of computational gait analysis in neurorehabilitation of post-stroke survivors, but current evidence on its clinical application supports a favorable cost-benefit ratio. The research was conducted among 50 adult people: 25 of them after ischemic stroke constituted the study group, and 25 healthy volunteers constituted the reference group. Study group members were treated for 2 weeks (10 neurorehabilitation sessions). Spatio-temporal gait parameters were assessed before and after therapy and compared using a novel fuzzy-based assessment tool, fractal dimension measurement and gait classification based on artificial neural networks. Measured results of rehabilitation (changes of gait parameters) were statistically relevant and reflected recovery. There is good evidence to extend its use to patients with various gait diseases undergoing neurorehabilitation. However, methodology for properly conducting and interpreting the proposed assessment and analysis procedures, providing validity and reliability of their results remains a key issue. More objective clinical reasoning, based on proposed novel tools, requires further research.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Prokopowicz
D. Mikołajewski
K. Tyburek
E. Mikołajewska
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to explore the role of temporal intelligence in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ self-regulation and self-efficacy. To this end, a general temporal intelligence (GTI-S) scale was designed based on the subconstructs of time in the literature. The scale, along with the learning self-regulation questionnaire (SRQ-L) and the English self-efficacy scale was administered to 520 EFL learners. To validate the GTI-S, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was run. The results of Pearson product-moment correlations demonstrated significantly positive relationships between temporal intelligence and controlled self-regulation, automatic self-regulation and self-efficacy (p<.05). Moreover, the findings of multiple regressions revealed that Linearity of Time, Economicity of Time, and Multitasking are the most important subconstructs of time with relation to these variables.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elham Naji Meidani
Reza Pishghadam
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Abstract

The mechanical properties and failure characteristics of joined rocks have an important impact on the disaster prevention of underground engineering and the sustainable development of mineral resources. The effects of confining pressure, joint location, and joint thickness on the mechanical properties of rock-like specimens under triaxial test have been studied. Furthermore, using the "DFN-age" function of PFC numerical simulation, the stress characteristics, and failure characteristics of rock specimens under different confining pressure, joint location and joint thickness are analyzed. The research results indicate that as the thickness of the joint increases and the joint position approaches the center of the specimen, the compressive strength of the specimen decreases. As the confining pressure increases, the compressive strength increases and failure modes of rock like specimens with different joint types also tend to be similar. The specimens manifest complex shear-tensile composite failures. In addition, the initiation cracks and main control cracks at the joint terminus can be classified as reverse tensile wing cracks, reverse shear cracks, shear cracks and tensile wing cracks. When the joint thickness of the specimen is 1.0 mm and the distance from the joint position to the center of the specimen is 10–20 mm, the crack evolution characteristics and stress distribution law of the specimen will undergo a transformation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wei Jing
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bingpeng Lu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Laiwang Jing
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rencai Jin
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Anhui University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, 168 Taifeng Street, Huainan City, Anhui Province, China
  2. China MCC17 Group Co., LTD., Civil Engineering Post-doctoral Research Workstation, No. 88 Yushan East Road, Huashan District, Ma’anshan City, Anhui Province, China
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Abstract

In this paper, the recent ice regime variations in the Kara Sea have been described and quantified based on the high-resolution remote sensing database from 2003 to 2017. In general, the Kara Sea is fully covered with thicker sea ice in winter, but sea ice cover is continuously declining during the summer. The year 2003 was the year with the most severe ice conditions, while 2012 and 2016 were the least severe. The extensive sea ice begins to break up before May and becomes completely frozen at the end of December again. The duration of ice melting is approximately twice than that of the freezing. Since 2007, the minimum ice coverage has always been below 5%, resulting in wide open-waters in summer. Furthermore, the relevant local driving factors of external atmospheric forcing on ice conditions have been quantitatively calculated and analyzed. Winter accumulated surface air temperature has been playing a primary role on the ice concentration and thickness condition in winter and determining ice coverage index in the following melt-freeze stage. Correlation coefficients between winter accumulated temperature and ice thickness anomaly index, the ice coverage anomaly index, duration of melt-freeze stage can approach -0.72, -0.83 and 0.80, respectively. In summer, meridional winds contribute closely to summer ice coverage anomaly index, with correlation coefficient exceeding 0.80 since 2007 and 0.90 since 2010.

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Authors and Affiliations

Chenglin Duan
Sheng Dong
Zhifeng Wang
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Abstract

The Franssen illusion, or Franssen effect (FE), is one of the auditory spatial illusions. Few studies have explored the FE, and the mechanisms underlying it remain unknown. The present study was conducted to clarify the FE occurrence with different tasks and presentation modes in young adults. It also sought to investigate possible neurophysiological similarities between interaural time difference (ITD) cue processing and FE perception. FE perception was evaluated using two different tasks and two presentation modes (i.e., insert phones and loudspeakers). Sound reflections (reverberation) were presented in the diffuse field (loudspeaker mode). ITD performance was investigated using different stimuli delivered via insert phones. No significant difference between the two FE perception tasks was found ( F 1,25 = 0.138, p = 0.713). However, the FE perception showed a significant difference between the two presentation modes (F 1,25 = 434.03, p < 0.001). Spearman’s correlation did not reveal a significant relationship between FE perception and ITD scores ( p > 0.05).
The current findings show the importance of reverberation in the FE occurrence. Also, the non-significant correlation between the results of the behavioral binaural temporal resolution test and FE perception in young people with normal temporal resolution may indicate that room reflections (reverberation) complicate the ability to process ITDs (rather than poor ITD processing for the “steady state” portion of signal).
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Authors and Affiliations

Mehri Maleki
1
Mohsen Ahadi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Amirsalar Jafarpisheh
2
Amin Asgharzadeh
3
Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban
4
Reyhane Toufan
1

  1. Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology School of Rehabilitation Sciences Iran University of Medical Sciences
  2. University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences Tehran, Iran
  3. Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
  4. Proteomics Research Center, Department of Biostatistics School of Allied Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
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Abstract

This study discusses how to model the noise in a Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)-Mascon derived Equivalent Water Thicknesses (EWT) time-series. GRACE has provided unique information for monitoring variations in EWT of continents in regional or basin scale since 2002. To analyze a GRACE EWT time-series, a standard harmonic regression model is used, but usually assuming white noise-only stochastic model. However, like almost all kinds of geodetic time-series, it has been shown that the GRACE EWT time-series contains temporal correlations causing colored noise in the data. As well known in geodetic modelling studies, neglecting these correlations leads to underestimating the uncertainties, and so misinterpreting the significancy of the parameter estimates such as trend rate, amplitudes of signals etc. In this study, autoregressive noise modeling, which has some advantageous compared to the approaches and methods frequently applied in geodetic studies, is considered for GRACE EWT time series. For this aim, three important basins, namely theYangtze, Murray–Darling and Amazon basins have been examined. Among some applied autoregressive models, the ARMA(1,1) model is obtained as the best-fitting noise model for analyzing the EWT changes in each basin. The obtained results are discussed in terms of forecasting, significancy and consistency with GRACE-FO mission.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ozge Gunes
1
ORCID: ORCID
Cuneyt Aydin
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract

Two-phase flow in channels of small dimensions is often a non-stationary process, the nature of such flow is oscillatory. Due to small channel dimensions, high heat flux, parallel channels interactions, pressure and temperature oscillations, the character of the phenomena occurring during boiling is complex. The changes of the measured signals are observed in different time scales. In order to examine in detail two-phase flow parameters changes, many acquisition devices are often installed. This solution becomes challenging concerning mini and microchannel heat-exchangers due to space limitation and modifications of an experimental setup. This paper presents a novel application of multiscale entropies for spatial and temporal analysis of two-phase flow based on only one registered parameter. This analysis is performed based on pixel brightness changes in photo frames registered by a high speed camera during two-phase flow. The spatial changes of pixel brightness are observed on single frames and temporal changes are examined using a set of frames (in time). The Composite Multiscale Sample Entropy is applied to identify two-phase flow patterns and to analyze the complexity of phase distribution. Using Multivariate Mul-tiscale Sample Entropy the most rapid changes of phase distribution in a multichannel heat exchanger are determined.
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Authors and Affiliations

Gabriela Rafałko
1
Romuald Mosdorf
1
Hubert Grzybowski
1
Paweł Dzienis
1
Grzegorz Górski
1

  1. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wiejska 45A, Bialystok 15-351, Poland
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Abstract

Gauging stations of meteorological networks generally record rainfall on a daily basis. However, sub-daily rainfall observations are required for modelling flood control structures, or urban drainage systems. In this respect, determination of temporal distribution of daily rainfall, and estimation of standard duration of rainfall are significant in hydrological studies. Although sub-daily rainfall gauges are present at meteorological networks, especially in the developing countries, their number is very low compared to the gauges that record daily rainfall.
This study aims at developing a method for estimating temporal distribution of maximum daily rainfall, and hence for generating maximum rainfall envelope curves. For this purpose, the standard duration of rainfall was examined. Among various regression methods, it was determined that the temporal distribution of 24-hour rainfall successfully fits the logarithmic model. The logarithmic model’s regression coefficients (named a and b) were then linked to the geographic and meteorological characteristics of the gauging stations. The developed model was applied to 47 stations located at two distinct geographical regions: the Marmara Sea Region and Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. Various statistical criteria were used to test the method's accuracy, and the proposed model provided successful results. For instance, the RMSE values of the regression coefficients a and b in Marmara Regions are 0.004 and 0.027. On the other hand, RMSE values are 0.007 and 0.02 for Eastern Black Sea Region.
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Authors and Affiliations

Cahit Yerdelen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ömer Levend Asikoglu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohamed Abdelkader
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ebru Eris
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, 35100, Bornova – İZMİR, Turkey
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Abstract

This paper not only clarifies the concepts of secularism and secularization, but also analyzes them, and in its final part it evaluates them. The phenomenon of secu-larism is defined as an ideological and active attitude of hostility toward everything that is Christian. In turn, secularism, quite strongly associated with the current form of culture of societies and their development, is seeking autonomy and freedom. Rad-ical (sometimes irresponsible) secularization thesis of the Protestant (R. Bultmann, K. Barth, D. Bonhoeffer, E. Fuchs, F. Gogarten, G. Vahanian, P. van Buren, W. Ham-ilton, Th . J. Alitzer, J.A.T. Robinson, D. Sölle, W. Pannenberg) mind has been adopted by most Catholic theologians with a reasonable reserve. Catholic doctrine accepts the autonomy of temporal realities and a specifically understood process of profanation of the world (constructio mundi and consecratio mundi). However, the fact that different sectors of earthly life are governed by their own relevant laws, does not mean that the created things are totally independent of God, or that man can dispose of them freely and without any relation to the Creator (K. Rahner, J. B. Metz, P. Teilhard de Chardin, M. D. Chenu, J. Danielou, G. Thils, Ch. Duquoc, J. Maritain, H. de Lubac, Y. Congar, Cz. Bartnik, A. Skowronek, A. Nossol, J. Mariański). The position of the Catholic Church on this matter is contained in the conciliar Constitution Gaudium et Spes.

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Authors and Affiliations

O. Andrzej Napiórkowski OSPPE
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Abstract

The aim of this article is to trace the relationship between time and dead bodies or human remains in selected works of the Romantic period featuring Poland’s legendary (pre)history, notably Józef Ignacy Kraszewski’s Stara baśń ( An Ancient Tale), ‘Lech’ from Deotyma’s Polska w pieśni ( Poland in Song), Cyprian Norwid’s Wanda and Krakus, and Juliusz Słowacki’s Balladyna, Lilla Weneda and Król-Duch ( The Spirit King). As Polish state was effaced from the political map of Europe (“laid in the grave”) the Romantics sought to affirm Poland’s indelible cultural and historical continuity by blurring the hard bound-ary between past and present. Hence a new interest in all kinds of burial sites – tombs, mounds and barrows – and the human remains interred there. Their continued presence undermines simple notions of life and death.
The article examines the poetic elaborations of the idea of temporality, especially the imagery used to challenge the official narrative of Poland’s history. If the dead (con-ceived realistically or symbolically) do not cease to exist, the historiography of the victors does not have the last word. Moreover, by reanimating the dead, investing them with a bodily form and giving each of them a voice to tell their story, the Romantic writers produced a new way of history writing based on a radical revision of the relationship between past, present and future.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Pałucka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Szkoła Doktorska Nauk Humanistycznych UJ

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