Air abrasion process is used for cleaning casting surface of prosthetic components, and to prepare the surface of these elements for the

application of veneering items. Its side effect, however, is that abrasive particles are embedded in the treated surface, which can be up to

30% of the surface and it constitutes the side effect of this procedure. Such a significant participation of foreign material can not be

indifferent to the properties of the surface. Embedded particles can be the place of stress concentration causing cracking of ceramics, and

may deteriorate corrosion resistance by forming corrosive microlinks. In the latter cases, it would be advisable to remove elements

embedded into the surface. The simplest method is chemical etching or electrochemical one. Nevertheless, these procedures should not

significantly change the parameters of the surface. Among many possible reagents only a few fulfills all the above conditions. In addition,

processing should not impair corrosion resistance of titanium, which is one of the most important factors determining its use as a prosthetic

restoration in the mouth. The study presented results of corrosion resistance of titanium used to make prosthetic components by means of

casting method, which were subjected to chemical processing designed to remove the embedded abrasive particles. The aim of the study

was to investigate whether etching with selected reagents affects the corrosion resistance of titanium castings. For etching the following

reagents were used: 30% HNO3 + 3% HF + H2O, HNO3+ HF+ glycerol (1:2:3), 4% HF in H2O2, 4% HF in H2O, with a control

sandblasted sample, not subjected to etching. Tests demonstrated that the etching affected corrosion properties of test samples, in each case

the reduction of the corrosion potential occurred - possibly due to the removal of particles of Al2O3 from the surface and activation of the

surface. None of the samples underwent pitting corrosion as a result of polarization to 9 V. Values of the polarization resistance, and

potentiodynamic characteristics indicated that the best corrosion resistance exhibited the samples after etching in a mixture of 4% solution

of HF in H2O2. They showed very good passivation of the surface.

This paper presents the findings of fatigue strength tests of 15CrNi6 steel following low-pressure carburizing and oil quenching, subjected to cycles of one-sided three-point bending. The fatigue fractures were compared with the results of fatigue strength studies of 16MnCr5 steel following low-pressure carburizing and nitrogen quenching. The fatigue tests for 16MnCr5 steel were conducted as part of a high-cycle resonance test, with a pendular bending load. The study also involved an analysis of the effects on non-metallic inclusions in the structure on the mechanism of fatigue destruction. The inclusions were found to initiate fatigue cracks. In both cases, a similar method of a fatigue fissure initiation was observed, independent of the study method or specimen material.

The operation of thermal devices and installations, in particular heat exchangers, is associated

with the formation of various deposits of sediments, forming the boiler scale. The

amount of precipitate depends on the quality of the flowing liquids treatment, as well as

the intensity of the use of devices. There are both mechanical and chemical treatment methods

to remove these deposits. The chemical methods of boiler scale treatment include the

cleaning method consisting in dissolving boiler scale inside heat devices. Worked out descaling

concentrate contains phosphoric acid (V) and the components that inhibit corrosion,

anti-foam substances, as well as anti-microbial substances as formalin, ammonium chloride,

copper sulphate and zinc sulfate. Dissolution of the boiler scale results in the formation of

wastewater which can be totally utilized as raw materials in phosphoric fertilizer produc

Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) polymers have been used in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, durability, toughness and high wear resistance. To enhance the mechanical properties, various types of minerals are commonly utilized as fillers in UHMWPE. One of the minerals is dolomite, which has been recognized as a valuable mineral with versatile applications, particularly in the field of biomedical applications. This paper presents the tensile properties of UHMWPE composites that filled with dolomite and treated-dolomite at various filler loading (i.e., 1-5 wt.%). Nitric acid and diammonium phosphate were used to treat the dolomite. From the results, the peaks of the FTIR spectrum displays carbonate (CO₃^–2), phosphate (PO₄^–3) and hydroxyl (OH^–) groups in the ct-dolomite powder sample while the XRD pattern reveals that using dolomite treated with 1M nitric acid resulted in the presence of calcium hydroxide phosphate (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₅(OH)) and MgO. For tensile strength, UHMWPE/ct-dolomite composites show better tensile strength than the pure UHMWPE composites. Treated improve the dolomite filler and resulted in significantly better matrix-filler interfacial interactions and improve the properties.

The copper droplets contained in the post-processing liquid slag are subjected to the treatment by the complex reagent. The complex reagent has been recently elaborated and patented in frame of the Grant No. PBS3/A5/45/2015. In particular, the complex reagent is dedicated to the post-processing slags coming from the Smelter and Refinery Plant, Głogów, as a product of the direct-to-blister technology performed in the flash furnace. The recently patented complex reagent effectively assists not only in agglomeration, and coagulation but also in the deposition of the copper droplets at the bottom of crucible / furnace as well. The treatment of the postprocessing slags by the complex reagent was performed in the BOLMET S.A. Company as in the industrial conditions which were similar to those usually applied in the KGHM – Polish Copper (Smelter and Refinery Plant, Głogów). The competition between buoyancy force and gravity is studied from the viewpoint of the required deposition of coagulated copper droplets. The applied complex reagent improves sufficiently the surface free energy of the copper droplets. In the result, the mechanical equilibrium between coagulated copper droplets and surrounding liquid slag is properly modified. Finally, sufficiently large copper droplets are subjected to a settlement on the crucible / furnace bottom according to the requirements.

In the developing countries, to build earthquake resistance construction along with seismic retrofit technology, the focus towards global warming problems along with sustainable society, production utilizing natural material, Bamboo lower-cost faster-growing and broad distribution of growth is promoted crucially. To get knowledge about the Bamboo Reinforced Concrete’s (BRC) mechanical behavior along with to verify the variations of structural properties betwixt Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) and BRC, researches have been made by several authors. BRC beams are simple, effective, along with cost-effective for rural construction and for which the trials are made in these studies. There is a huge concern over the lifespan of bamboo as it is employed as a substitute for steel; thus, it is enhanced by undergoing certain mechanical along with chemical treatments. The parametric study displays that regarding the robustness along with stability, bamboo is utilized in Reinforced Concrete (RC). Here, the Bamboo Reinforcement’s (BR) performance together with its durability is illustrated by assessing the laboratory determinations as of the available literature.