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Influence of the number of turns on the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor

H. Qiu Y. Zhang C. Yang R. Yi
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2020 | 68 | No. 3 | 429-436 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2020.133375
Keywords eddy current density losses PMSM the number of turns temperature field
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Abstract

The current passed by the stator coil of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) provides rotating magnetic field, and the number of turns will directly affect the performance of PMSM. In order to analyze its influence on the PMSM performance, a 3 kW, 1500 r/min PMSM is taken as an example, and the 2D transient electromagnetic field model is established. The correctness of the model is verified by comparing the experimental data and calculated data. Firstly, the finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the electromagnetic field of the PMSM. The performance parameters of the PMSM are obtained. On this basis, the influence of the number of turns on PMSM performance is quantitatively analyzed, including current, no-load back electromotive force (EMF), overload capacity and torque. In addition, the influence of the number of turns on eddy current loss is further studied, and its variation rule is obtained, and the variation mechanism of eddy current loss is revealed. Finally, the temperature field of the PMSM is analyzed by the coupling method of electromagnetic field and temperature field, and the temperature rise law of PMSM is obtained. The analysis of this paper provides reference and practical value for the optimization design of PMSM.

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Authors and Affiliations

H. Qiu
Y. Zhang
C. Yang
R. Yi

Research on the influence of power frequency electric field of pantograph on passengers’ health in high-speed EMU

Rui Tian Jia-qi Zhang Mai Lu
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 2 | 483-501 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.145421
Keywords induced current density induced electric field intensity high-speed EMU pantograph power frequency electric field
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Abstract

In this work we discussed the safety of the electric field environment in the No.3 carriage where the pantograph is located. DSA380 pantograph, CRH5 EMU carriage and passengers’ models were established to study the electric field exposure of passengers at different positions. The results showed that Emax in the carriage without passengers is 1.173 x 10 6 mV/m. Then we set the passengers’ positions according to the electric field distribution in the carriage without passengers and obtained that Emax in the carriage with passengers is 3.195 x 10 6 mV/m. It can be seen that the maximum induced electric field intensity of passengers at different positions appears on the soles of shoes, the maximum value is 3.028 x 105 mV/m, the maximum induced current density occurs at the ankle, its maximum value is 3.476 x 10 -5 A/m 2. It can be concluded that the maximum induced electric field intensity of passenger’s head appears in the cerebrospinal fluid area, with a maximum value of 202.817 mV/m, and the maximum induced electric field intensity of passenger’s head at the door is larger than that in the middle of the carriage. The maximum values of the induced electric field intensity in all tissues of passengers are much smaller than the basic limits of electromagnetic exposure to the public set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). This study indicated that the pantograph has little influence on the electric field environment in the carriage under working state, and will not cause any health hazard to the passengers in this working frequency electric field environment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rui Tian
1
Jia-qi Zhang
1
Mai Lu
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Gansu Province, China

Effect of the Applied Current Density and Deposition Time on Electro-Codeposition Process of Cobalt Matrix Reinforced with Nano-CeO2

N. Simionescu-Bogatu L. Benea
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 615-622 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137798
Keywords Electrochemical deposition Cobalt matrix CeO2 nanoparticles Current density Electrolysis time
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Abstract

This research paper aims to study the influence of some of the main parameters applied to the electrodeposition process on the nanocomposite layers obtained by strengthening the cobalt matrix with cerium oxide nanoparticles. Thus, the current efficiency (process efficiency) and the degree of inclusion of cerium oxide nanoparticles into cobalt matrix are analyzed according to the current density, the concentration of nanoparticles dispersed in the deposition electrolyte and time of the process. The choice of the optimal parameters imposed on the electrodeposition process lead to the improvement of the quality of the obtained layers, to the reduction of production costs and last but not least to the improvement of corrosion and tribocorrosion resistance of the material. The obtained results show an increase of current efficiency in the process of the deposited layers with the increase of time and current density applied. There is also a slight increasing in the current efficiency of the obtained layers with the increase of the concentration of nanoparticles dispersed in the deposition electrolyte. The increase of the current density, time and the concentration of nanoparticles also have an effect on the degree of embedded CeO2 nanoparticles into cobalt matrix for the studied nanocomposite layers. The degree of inclusion of nanoparticles decreases for the same studied system with the increasing of the current density.
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Authors and Affiliations

N. Simionescu-Bogatu
1
ORCID: ORCID
L. Benea
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Engineering, Competences Centre: Interfaces-Tribocorrosion-Electrochemical Systems (CC-ITES), 47 Domneasca Street, RO-800008 Galati, Romania
  2. Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Engineering, Competences Centre: Interfaces-Tribocorrosion-Electrochemical Systems (CC-ITES),47 Domneasca Street, RO-800008 Galati, Romania

The Behaviour of Low Arsenic Copper Anodes at High Current Density in Electrorefining

Xuyong Zhang Silei Chen Lu Li Peng Yang
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1377-1382 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146203
Keywords low arsenic anodes high current density anode passivation floating slimes cathode nodules
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Abstract

Arsenic is the only beneficial impurity for copper electrorefining through inhibiting anode passivation and the formation of floating slimes. The behaviour of copper anodes with different content of arsenic were studied at high current density (>280 A/m 2). It showed that low arsenic anodes (As < 300 ppm) easily generated anode passivation, floating slimes and cathode nodules during the electrorefining proccess. The floating slimes, electrolyte, cathode and anode were observed and analyzed. As result, low arsenic anodes were more likely to be passivated due to their microstructure defects and irregular microstructure. Increasing electrolyte temperature and addition of glycerol were propitious to reduce low arsenic anodes’ passivation. The floating slimes occured when the concentration of As(III) in electrolyte decreased to 1 g/L, and they would be precipitated by polyacrylamide. All measures greatly improved the cathode quality at current density of 300 A/m 2.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xuyong Zhang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Silei Chen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Lu Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Peng Yang
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Jiangxi Copper Technology Institute Co., Ltd, Nanchang 330096, Jiangxi, PR China

The influence of electric current density on specific denitrification rate of and nitrogen removal rate in electrochemical and electrobiological rotating contactor

Joanna Rodziewicz Wojciech Janczukowicz Artur Mielcarek Kamil Bryszewski
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2020 | vol. 46 | No 4 | 23-32 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.135761
Keywords electric current density otating electrochemical disk contactor otating electrobiological disk contactor specific denitrification rate nitrogen removal rate
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Abstract

This study aimed to determine the influence of the electric current density on the rate of nitrogen compounds removal (rN) and the specific rate of denitrification (rD) in a rotating electrochemical disk contractor (RECDC) and a rotating electro-biological disk contactor (REBDC). In REBDC and RECDC, the cathode consisted of disks with immobilized biomass and disk, from which biofilm was periodically removed, respectively. An aluminum anode was mounted in contactor chambers. The study was conducted using synthetic wastewater with characteristics similar to wastewater from soilless cultivation of tomatoes. The first stage of the study determined rN and rD in the RECDC. The second stage determined rN and rD in the REBDC. Four hydraulic retention times (HRT) were tested: 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h, with electric current densities of 0.63 A/m2, 1.25 A/m2, 2.50 A/m2, 5.00 A/m2, and 10.00 A/m2. In RECDC, a linear dependency was observed between rN and current density in the examined HRTs, whereas in REBDC, a logarithmic dependency was confirmed between rN and current density. In both contactors, an exponential dependency was observed between rD and current density. The specific rate of denitrification decreased when the current density and HRT were increased. The study showed that, in both contactors, the rate of total nitrogen removal increased when the current density was increased and the HRT was decreased.

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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Rodziewicz
1
Wojciech Janczukowicz
1
Artur Mielcarek
1
Kamil Bryszewski
1
  1. University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland

Surrogate synthesis of excitation systems for frame tangential eddy current probes

Volodymyr Yakovych Halchenko Ruslana Volodymyrivna Trembovetska Volodymyr Volodymyrovych Tychkov
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2021 | vol. 70 | No 4 | 743-757
Keywords additive neural network regression eddy current probe stochastic optimization algorithm surrogate optimization uniformeddy current density distribution velocity effect
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Abstract

Existing scientific studies devoted to the design of eddy-current probes with a priori given configuration of the electromagnetic excitation field, which provide a uniform eddy current density distribution, consider a wide class of such, but are limited to the case when the probe is stationary relative to the testing object. Therefore, the actual problem is the synthesis of moving tangential eddy current probes with a frame excitation system that provides a uniform eddy current density distribution in the testing object, the solution of which is proposed in this study.
A mathematical method for nonlinear surrogate synthesis of excitation systems for frame moving tangential surface eddy current probes, which implements a uniform eddy current density distribution of the testing zone object, is proposed. A metamodel of the volumetric structure of the excitation system of the frame tangential eddy current probe, applied in the process of surrogate optimal parametric synthesis, has been created. The examples of nonlinear synthesis of excitation systems using modern metaheuristic stochastic algorithms for finding the global extremum are considered. The numerical results of the obtained solutions of the problems are presented. The efficiency of the synthesized structures of excitation systems in comparison with classical analogs is shown on the graphs of the eddy current density distribution on the object surface in the testing zone.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Volodymyr Yakovych Halchenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ruslana Volodymyrivna Trembovetska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Volodymyr Volodymyrovych Tychkov
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Cherkasy State Technological University, Ukraine

Long wavelength type-II superlattice barrier infrared detector for CubeSat hyperspectral thermal imager

Sir B. Rafol Sarath D. Gunapala David Z. Ting  Alexander Soibel Arezou Khoshakhlagh Sam A. Keo Brian J. Pepper  Cory J. Hill Yuki Maruyama Anita M. Fisher  Ashok Sood John Zeller  Robert Wright Paul Lucey Miguel Nunes Luke Flynn Sachidananda Babu Parminder Ghuman
Opto-Electronics Review | 2023 | 31 | special issue | e144569 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2023.144569
Keywords type-II superlattice focal plane array infrared detector quantum efficiency noise equivalent difference temperature dark current density anti-reflective coating
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Abstract

The hyperspectral thermal imaging instrument for technology demonstration funded by NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office under the In-Space Validation of Earth Science Technologies program requires focal plane array with reasonably good performance at a low cost. The instrument is designed to fit in a 6U CubeSat platform for a low-Earth orbit. It will collect data on hydrological parameters and Earth surface temperature for agricultural remote sensing. The long wavelength infrared type-II strain layer superlattices barrier infrared detector focal plane array is chosen for this mission. With the driving requirement dictated by the power consumption of the cryocooler and signal-noise-ratio, cut-off wavelengths and dark current are utilized to model instrument operating temperature. Many focal plane arrays are fabricated and characterised, and the best performing focal plane array that fulfils the requirements is selected. The spectral band, dark current and 8–9.4 m pass band quantum efficiency of the candidate focal plane array are: 8–10.7 m, 2.1∙10−5 A/cm2, and 47%, respectively. The corresponding noise equivalent difference temperature and operability are 30 mK and 99.7%, respectively. Anti-reflective coating is deposited on the focal plane array surface to enhance the quantum efficiency and to reduce the interference pattern due to an absorption layer parallel surfaces cladding material.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sir B. Rafol
1
Sarath D. Gunapala
1
David Z. Ting 
1
Alexander Soibel
1
Arezou Khoshakhlagh
1
Sam A. Keo
1
Brian J. Pepper 
1
Cory J. Hill
1
Yuki Maruyama
1
Anita M. Fisher 
1
Ashok Sood
2
John Zeller 
2
Robert Wright
3
Paul Lucey
3
Miguel Nunes
3
Luke Flynn
3
Sachidananda Babu
4
Parminder Ghuman
4
  1. Center for Infrared Photodetectors, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California, USA
  2. Magnolia Optical Technologies, Inc, Albany New York 12203, USA
  3. Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
  4. NASA Earth Science Technology Office Greenbelt, Maryland, USA

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