The objective of this paper is to derive the characteristics of an effective governance framework ensuring incentives for conducting a prudent fiscal policy.We study this problem with the use of econometric tools and a sample of 28 European Union Member States between 2003 and 2017. By looking at specific reforms and measures, not only we verify the synthetic effectiveness of fiscal constraints but also we analyse specific elements of the governance framework.Our study shows that fiscal balances are affected not only by the economic cycle, but, among others, by the level of public debt and its cost. We find that the existence of numerical fiscal rules, in that specifically revenue and expenditures rules, their strong legal entrenchment, surveillance mechanisms, sanctions, and flexibility with respect to business cycle have a significant impact on curbing deficits.

At the early stage of information system analysis and design one of the challenge is to estimate total work effort needed, when only small number of analysis artifacts is available. As a solution we propose new method called SAMEE – Simple Adaptive Method for Effort Estimation. It is based on the idea of polynomial regression and uses selected UML artifacts like use cases, actors, domain classes and references between them. In this paper we describe implementation of this method in Enterprise Architect CASE tool and show simple example how to use it in real information system analysis.