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Carbon taxing is an efficient instrument that is implemented by several countries to reduce CO2 emissions. Taxed products and services that result in emitting CO2 in their processes will be replaced by more sustainable alternatives. Carbon taxing is associated with concerns about high energy prices that can negatively affect households and businesses. Egypt, one of the low middle-income developing countries, depends on fossil fuels to supply more than 93% of its total energy supply. In this paper, an analysis is carried out to assess the effects of a suggested carbon tax on the major carbon emitting sectors; power generation, transport and industry. The results show that the power generation sector can absorb and benefit from a suggested tax at a rate of USD 5 per ton of emitted CO2. The transport sector, which relies heavily on subsidized liquid fuels, needs an urgent reform program to remove these subsidies, which costs the country about 10 billion USD annually, and after that, the carbon tax can be introduced. The industry sector may be affected negatively by the suggested tax, due to competitiveness with non-taxed imported products. On the other hand, this tax can help this sector to be prepared to compete when exporting its products to foreign markets that apply carbon taxes. In conclusion, developing countries like Egypt need a well-planned carbon tax program that can make revenues, remove subsidies, and prepare local industries for fair competitiveness in the global market.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tarek Ibrahim El-Shennawy

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Lamiaa Abdallah

2

Alexandria National Refining and Petrochemicals Co. (ANRPC), Egypt
Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology (AIET), Egypt

Molecular screening of gastric Helicobacter pullorum recovered from different avian species in Egypt

R. Elhelw M. Elhariri H.M. Salem H.S. Khalefa D.A. Hamza Z.S. Ahmed

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 369-374 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142019

Keywords Helicobacter pullorum PCR sequencing chicken resident wild birds zoonoses Egypt

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Abstract

Helicobacter pullorum ( H. pullorum) is a bacterium that colonizes the intestines of poultry and causes gastroenteritis. Because these species are known as human and/or animal pathogens, identification of H. pullorum is becoming increasingly necessary. The bacterium has been linked to colitis and hepatitis in humans after being transmitted by infected meat consumption. Misdiagnosis of other enteric zoonotic pathogens such as Campylobacter and other Helicobacter species makes the diagnosis of H. pullorum extremely difficult. This study focused on the molecular detection of H. pullorum from the stomach (proventriculus and gizzard) of different avian species as new target organs for detection and transmission between avian species. Proventriculus and gizzards were obtained from 40 freshly dead chickens and resident wild birds (n=40). Diarrhea was found in the farms that were surveyed. DNA was extracted from all collected samples to conduct PCR amplification. The samples were screened for Helicobacter genus-specific 16s using C97 and C05 primers. To confirm the existence of H. pullorum, the positive samples were sequenced.
H. pullorum was recorded in two out of 40 chicken samples. In addition, H. pullorum was recorded in one out of 40 resident wild birds. The 16S rRNA gene sequence for Helicobacter genus-specific in poultry and wild birds showed a 100% homology. In conclusion, broiler chickens and resident wild birds are possible reservoirs for H. pullorum, according to this report, and possibly act as a source of infection for humans via the food supply.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Elhelw

1

M. Elhariri

1

H.M. Salem

2

H.S. Khalefa

3

D.A. Hamza

4

Z.S. Ahmed

4

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt

Touching Antiquity

Stefan Skowronek Jerzy Ciecieląg Adrian Szopa

Meander | Vol. 77 (2022) | 193-205 | DOI: 10.24425/meander.2022.142259

Keywords Stefan Skowronek numismatics Classics in Poland archaeology of Egypt Jagiellonian University Przeworsk

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Abstract

An interview with Professor Stefan Skowronek (1928–2019), a historian, archaeologist, and classical philologist, particularly renowned as an expert in numismatics, about his education in his hometown of Przeworsk, studies at the Jagiellonian University and his scholarly career.

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Authors and Affiliations

Stefan Skowronek

Jerzy Ciecieląg

1

Adrian Szopa

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Instytut Historii i Archiwistyki, Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie

Taḥyā Maṣr songs and their message… messages?

Edyta Wolny-Abouelwafa

Rocznik Orientalistyczny/Yearbook of Oriental Studies | 2021 | vol. LXXIV | No 2 | 59-81

Keywords Egypt patriotic song Taḥyā Maṣr Egyptian army President ʿAbd al-Fattāḥas-Sīsī national unity Muslims Christians Pharaonic Egypt

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Abstract

The Arab Republic of Egypt – the most important Middle Eastern Arabic country, is one of the oldest countries in the world, believed by some to be the cradle of civilization. Patriotic songs are very popular in it. They can be heard in times of peace and when the country may be facing some difficulties. They are shown on television, played on the radio, broadcast during official ceremonies, and used in social media, coffee shops, and weddings. In recent years, there has been something of a phenomenon around songs titled Taḥyā Maṣr. Notwithstanding the main messages – for Egypt to “live long” and show the artist’s love for their country – other messages and differences in how the singer expresses their love can be found. An analysis of six songs released in the years 2013–2018 under the same title, Taḥyā Maṣr, will be presented in this article. Any clear distinctions between them and the reasons for their being made under the same title will be shown.

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Edyta Wolny-Abouelwafa

1

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Institute of Mediterranean and Oriental Cultures, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland

An Ideology of Loyalty: Reflections on Herodotus Book III

Stephanie West

Folia Orientalia | 2019 | vol. LVI | 447-463 | DOI: 10.24425/for.2019.130722

Keywords Darius Cambyses Herodotus Egypt Ahiqar Wisdom literature Zopyrus Solon Croesus mutilation Babylon

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Abstract

The last years of Cambyses’ reign are marked by the extension of Achaemenid rule to Egypt and the prolonged absence of the king and his ministers from the Persian heartlands. Reliable subordinates were obviously essential to the smooth functioning of the Empire, and the role played by Prexaspes, whom Herodotus describes as pre-eminent in loyalty (3.30.3), illustrates what might be required of highly placed officials if the charisma of kingship, the cement that held the Empire together, was to be preserved. Prexaspes’ activity imposes unity on a series of episodes illustrating his unfailing competence in the service of an unbalanced autocrat, and his end brings commendation from Herodotus (3.75.3). An Assyrian counterpart is offered by the story of the wise counsellor Ahiqar, first attested in an Aramaic text from the latter part of the fifth century BC and subsequently translated into a wide range of languages; the tale of Ahiqar’s vicissitudes provides a framework for an assemblage of moral precepts, emphasising loyalty to the sovereign as a religious duty and offering advice to the ambitious. Under Darius self-sacrificing loyalty inspires the extraordinary expedient by which Zopyrus contrives the reduction of the rebellious city of Babylon (3. 150–160). While the narrative of the means by which this was achieved is absurd, it brings out the importance under Darius of incentives to dedicated service, above all the hope of winning recognition from a ruler who could express his appreciation on an extraordinarily generous scale. Merit awards did not depend on whim or haphazard observation; it is significant that Herodotus reports (8.90.4) the presence of scribes recording details of distinguished service at the battle of Salamis. But the list of those termed the King’s benefactors, orosangai (8.85.3), was clearly liberal as to the kinds of activity deemed to qualify for such recognition. To Greeks dedication to the ideology represented by the Persian Empire might seem to entail a distortion of normal values while its rewards appeared rather questionable to those who did not appreciate the advantages of the strong centralized rule which prevented disintegration into lawless tribalism.

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Stephanie West

Why Archeology is Important for Theology
. = Dlaczego archeologia jest ważna dla teologii

Cayetana Heidi Johnson

Studia Nauk Teologicznych PAN | 2021 | Tom 16 | 29-48 | DOI: 10.31743/snt.12488

Keywords Bible Mesopotamia Egypt patriarchs Israel Canaan Syria religion archaeology Near East

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Abstract

Stary Testament jest wyraźnie mieszanką mitów i prawdziwych postaci historycznych z ich wydarzeniami. Nie ma wątpliwości co do wkładu mitologii, ponieważ większość Księgi Rodzaju została utworzona na podstawie wspólnych mitologicznych relacji z całego starożytnego Bliskiego Wschodu. Opowieści o stworzeniu, pierwszej parze, ogrodzie Eden, Kainie i Ablu, wielkim potopie i wiele innych są znane w narracjach całego regionu. Chociaż relacje te są mitologiczne, nie oznacza to, że nie zostały ukształtowane przez prawdziwe wydarzenia. Specjaliści spekulują o wielkiej powodzi, która miała miejsce na Bliskim Wschodzie w wyniku podniesienia się poziomu wody pod koniec ostatniej epoki lodowcowej (około 5000 lat przed Chr.). Zbiegło się to w czasie z rewolucją rolniczą, która opanowała Żyzny Półksiężyc i Egipt. Różne ludy Lewantu przyjęły mitologiczne narracje i przeformułowały je, aby stworzyć własne, unikalne i oryginalne opowieści. Niektóre z głównych postaci biblijnych, jak Adam i Ewa, Noe, Lot, wreszcie patriarchowie (Abraham, Izaak i Jakub), były własnymi kompozycjami, ale jak widać na przykładzie patriarchy Abrahama, który nie był postacią wyjątkową wśród narodu hebrajskiego, jego nawrócenie na monoteizm jest jednak czymś charakterystycznym dla duchowej twórczości Żydów. Tu, podobnie jak w Nowym Testamencie, archeologia jest niezbędną pomocą w zlokalizowaniu rzeczywistości i prawdy historii sakralnej i religijnej oraz jej rozwoju w dziejach ludzkości.

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Cayetana Heidi Johnson

1

San Damaso University, Madrid

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Ancient Egypt in the age of Christianity

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SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT OF THE EARLY PLEISTOCENE GRAVELS OF THE EDFU FORMATION FROM THE SAQQARA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (EGYPT) – PRELIMINARY RESULTS

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MOLLUSCS AND OSTRACODS OF THE QARUN LAKE:PRELIMINARY REPORT FROM FA-1 CORE IN FAIYUM OASIS, NORTHERN EGYPT

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PRELIMINARY REPORT ON UNIQUE LAMINATED HOLOCENE SEDIMENTS FROM THE QARUN LAKE IN EGYPT

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PRELIMINARY REPORT ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE OF ANCIENT MUD BRICKS FROM TELL EL-RETABA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN THE NILE DELTA

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Before implementing carbon taxes in developing countries: Egypt as a case study

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Molecular screening of gastric Helicobacter pullorum recovered from different avian species in Egypt

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Authors and Affiliations

Touching Antiquity

Abstract

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Taḥyā Maṣr songs and their message… messages?

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

An Ideology of Loyalty: Reflections on Herodotus Book III

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Why Archeology is Important for Theology
. = Dlaczego archeologia jest ważna dla teologii

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations