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Abstract

The species of the brachiopod genus Terebratella d'Orbigny, which does not correspond to any one reported hitherto from the upper Eocene-? lower Oligocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, West Antarctica but showing a strong affinity to the Recent T. inconspicua (Sowerby), is described.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Aleksandra Bitner
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Abstract

Epifaunal organisms (bryozoans, foraminifera, serpulid polychaetes, cirripeds, octocorals), scratch marks and borings (brachiopod pedicle attachment traces and gastropod, phoronid, sponge and algal boreholes) were recognized on the brachiopod shells from the Eocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. They are rare and occur only on about 10% of shells. It is probable that environmental conditions were not suitable for epibionts whose requirements were to be higher than those of brachiopods. The rarity of epifauna on the dead shells can be explained by their rapid burial.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Aleksandra Bitner
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Abstract

Defining species boundaries, due to morphological variation, often represents a significant challenge in paleozoology. In this paper we report results from multi− and univariate data analyses, such as enhanced clustering techniques, principal coordinates ordination method, kernel density estimations and finite mixture model analyses, revealing some morphometric patterns within the Eocene Antarctic representatives of Palaeeudyptes penguins. These large−sized birds were represented by two species, P. gunnari and P. klekowskii , known mainly from numerous isolated bones. Investigations focused on tarsometatarsi, crucial bones in paleontology of early penguins, resulted in a probability−based framework allowing for the “fuzzy” partitioning the studied specimens into two taxa with partly overlapping size distributions. Such a number of species was supported by outcomes from both multi− and univariate studies. In our opinion, more reliance should be placed on the quantitative analysis of form when distinguishing between species within the Antarctic Palaeeudyptes .
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Jadwiszczak
Carolina Acosta Hospitaleche
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Abstract

Balanomorph cirripedes from the Eocene–Oligocene of the Hampshire Basin (United Kingdom) and the Middle Eocene of the Cotentin Peninsula, Manche (France) are described. A new genus, Vectibalanus, is founded, with the type species Balanus unguiformis J. de C. Sowerby, 1846; assigned to this are also Balanus erisma J. de C. Sowerby, 1846 and Vectibalanus mortoni sp. nov. In addition, a new species of Lophobalanus Zullo, 1984, L. fresvillensis sp. nov., is described. This is the first record of that genus from outside the eastern USA and the oldest species known to date. Cladistic analysis of 24 morphological characters suggests that Vectibalanus unguiformis is sister taxon to a group comprising the most derived balanomorph taxa, and thus represents an important transition in the evolution of the group, with the initiation of development of a complex parietal wall structure. Vectibalanus unguiformis was evidently adapted to low salinity habitats (10–30 ppt), and is the oldest known brackish water barnacle. The other species ( V. erisma, V. mortoni sp. nov.) occupied more clearly marine environments (>30 ppt). Balanomorph barnacles appeared simultaneously in the Priabonian (Upper Eocene) of the Gulf and Atlantic seaboards of the USA and northwest Europe, which probably represents a northerly migration from Tethys.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrew Scott Gale
1 2

  1. School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO13QL, UK
  2. Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK
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Abstract

The Campanian–Paleocene Jaworzynka Formation, a part of the Magura Nappe succession in the Polish Outer Carpathians, is described in terms of its detailed litho- and biostratigraphy. The formation stretches along the marginal part of the Siary Unit, from the Jaworzynka stratotype area in the Silesian Beskid Mts up to the Mszana Dolna area in the Beskid Wyspowy Mts. Its equivalent in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts of the Czech Republic is the Soláň Formation. In the stratotype area, the formation displays complex structure. We distinguish four lithological units, i.e., Biotite Sandstone and Shale (I), Shale (II), Mutne Sandstone Member (III) and Thin-bedded Turbidite (IV) and provide the first detailed biostratigraphy of particular units. The first unit forms the most prominent part of the formation. It was deposited in the Middle Campanian–earliest Maastrichtian within the upper part of Caudammina gigantea Zone up to the lower part of the Rzehakina inclusa Zone. The second unit occurs only locally and its age is limited to the Maastrichtian, to the Rzehakina inclusa Zone. The third unit is composed of thick-bedded sandstones that in some parts may form more than the half of the total thickness of the formation. It is Late Maastrichtian–Danian in age and is placed in the upper part of the Rzehakina inclusa Zone and the lower part of the Rzehakina fissistomata Zone. It is usually covered by a thin package of thin-bedded turbiditic sandstone and shales of Danian–Thanetian age with foraminifera of the Rzehakina fissistomata Zone.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Waśkowska
1
Jan Golonka
1
Krzysztof Starzec
1
Marek Cieszkowski
2

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  2. Jagiellonian University, Institute of Geography and Geology, Gronostajowa 3a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

New findings of crustacean decapod brachyurans from the Rupelian period (lower Oligocene) in Iran are presented in this study. In particular, Lophoranina sp. and Palaeocarpilius cf. P. rugifer Stoliczka, 1871, from the Rupelian strata were found in two previously unexplored localities, Abshar and Vezg near Yasuj in the southwestern region of Iran. The discovery contributes to fill the gap in the record of brachyuran decapod crustaceans in Iran during the Eocene and Miocene periods. The presence of both genera in the Oligocene of Iran suggests a certain degree of faunal similarity among brachyurans on both sides of the Tethys Realm.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ali Bahrami
1
Àlex Ossó
2
Mehdi Yazdi
1
Heshmatollah Ansari
1

  1. Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, 81746, Iran
  2. Llorenç de Villalonga, 17B, 1-1, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia
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Abstract

Here are reported the first certainly indigenous agglutinated foraminifera known for the Eocene La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island, West Antarctica. The specimens were identified as Textularia sp. and occur in the upper portion of the unit, just below the contact with the overlying post-Eocene deposits. Despite being rare, the specimens are interpreted as autochthonous or parautochthonous due to their overall good preservation, fragility, and lack of sedimentary filling. The La Meseta Formation seems to have passed through a major diagenetic dissolution of calcareous microfossils, but the present findings suggest that indigenous agglutinated foraminifera can be found at least in some of its strata.

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Authors and Affiliations

Victor C.S. Badaró
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Abstract

Fossil bird remains assignable to ratites (palaeognathous birds) are described from the Paleogene strata of the La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. This record sheds new light on Gondwana's avian history.

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Authors and Affiliations

Claudia P. Tambussi
Jorge I. Noriega
Andrzej Gaździcki
Andrzej Tatur
Marcelo A. Reguero
Sergio F. Vizcaino
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Abstract

Planktonie foraminifera of the genera Chiloguembelina Loeblich and Tappan. Globigerina d'Orbigny and Globorolalia Cushman are reported from glacio-marine sediments of the Low Head Member (Polonez Cove Formation, Oligocene) of King George Island (South Shetland Islands). West Antarctica. The foraminifer assemblage comprises two stratigraphically important species: Globigerina angiporoides Hornibrook and Chiloguembelina cubensis (Palmer), which indicate the Upper Eocene — Lower Oligocene age. Taking into account specific composition, this planktonie assemblage may tentatively be correlated with the Globigerina angiporoides Zone of New Zealand. Australia. South Pacific and South Atlantic, which belongs to the Lower Oligocene (see Jenkins 1985).

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Gaździcki
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Abstract

Whale bones from the upper Eocene — ?lower Oligocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour (Marambio) Island, West Antarctica, are assigned to the Archaeoceti. They most probably belong to an undetermined genus of the family Basilosauridae Cope. 1867; subfamily Dorudontinae Barnes and Mitchel. 1978.

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Borsuk-Białynicka
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Abstract

The synsacrum is an important element of the axial skeleton in birds, both volant and flightless. Little is known about the maturation of this complex bone in penguins. In this work, the supposedly ontogenetically youngest known synsacrum of early penguins was described. The analysis of this specimen, collected within the Eocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour (Marambio) Island, Antarctic Peninsula, revealed that this bird had attained at least the fledging stage of growth. Studies of three mature synsacra recovered from the same formation focused on the synsacral canals and, using indirect reasoning, their contents. These analyses revealed that the lumbosacral intumescence of the spinal cord and its extensions, the transverse canals, had been developed roughly like those in extant penguins (and also swifts and cormorants). The neural spine extensions (a non−nervous tissue) tracing the transverse grooves of the dorsal wall of the synsacral canal are currently considered as involved in the control of walking. The presented data suggest that such a sense organ gained its current penguin configuration by the late Eocene.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Jadwiszczak
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Abstract

The Oligocene (Rupelian) Byram Formation (Vicksburg Group) in Alabama, USA, is divided into three members, including (in ascending order) the Glendon Limestone, unnamed marl, and the Bucatunna Clay. The Oligocene marine units in Alabama have been historically under-investigated, but bulk samples recently obtained from Glendon Limestone Member exposures at site AWa-9 in Washington County yielded 20 unequivocal elasmobranch and teleost taxa. This surprisingly diverse paleofauna, based on isolated teeth, bones and otoliths, includes the new taxon, Gobiosoma? axsmithi sp. nov., as well as “Aetomylaeus” sp., Albula sp., Aplodinotus gemma Koken, 1888, Ariosoma nonsector Nolf and Stringer, 2003, Balistidae indet., Citharichthys sp., Myliobatoidei indet., Diretmus? sp., Hemipristis sp., Negaprion aff. N. gilmorei (Leriche, 1942), Pachyscyllium sp., Paralbula sp., Physogaleus sp., Preophidion meyeri (Koken, 1888), Sciaena pseudoradians (Dante and Frizzell in Frizzell and Dante, 1965), Sciaenops? sp., Sparus? elegantulus Koken, 1888, Sphyraena sp., and Syacium sp. Additional remains were recovered but could not be identified beyond undetermined Elasmobranchii or Teleostei. All these taxa represent first occurrences within the Glendon Limestone Member in Alabama, and the “Aetomylaeus” sp., Pachyscyllium sp., Paralbula sp., and Sciaenops? sp. specimens represent the first occurrences of each in the Oligocene of the Gulf Coastal Plain of the USA. We also report the first record of Oligocene Paralbula Blake, 1940 teeth, and the first occurrence of an Oligocene member of the Balistidae in the Western Hemisphere. This marine vertebrate assemblage indicates that the Glendon Limestone Member at site AWa-9 represented a subtropical to temperate, middle shelf paleoenvironment with a paleowater depth interpreted as 30–100 m.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jun A. Ebersole
1
David J. Cicimurri
2
Gary L. Stringer
3

  1. McWane Science Center, 200 19th Street North, Birmingham, AL 35203, USA
  2. South Carolina State Museum, 301 Gervais Street, Columbia, SC 29201, USA
  3. Museum of Natural History, 708 University Avenue, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
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Abstract

Basing on isolated vertebrae, fossil fishes of the order Gadiformes have been first discovered in sediments of the La Meseta Formation (upper Eocene — ?lower Oligocene) on Seymour (Marambio) Island, West Antarctica. This is one of the oldest and the only locality with the Gadiformes skeletal remains in the Southern Hemisphere. Other poorly preserved centra have been determined as Teleostei (order incertae sedis).

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Jerzmańska

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