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Combustion of wood pellets in a low-power multi-fuel automatically stoked heating boiler

Wiesław Zima Grzegorz Ojczyk
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 1 | 169-184 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2022.140930
Keywords Multi-fuel heating boiler wood pellets Substitute fuel Thermal tests Boiler optimal operating points
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Abstract

This paper presents a test stand equipped, among others, with two boilers intended for the combustion of solid fuels. The first is a single-fuel boiler designed to burn wood pellets only. The second is a multi-fuel boiler intended for the combustion of mainly hard coal (basic fuel) with the grain size of 0.005–0.025 m. Wood pellets can also be fired in this boiler, which in such a case are treated as a substitute fuel. There is a developed and verified algorithm for the control of the multi-fuel boiler operation in a wide range of loads for the basic fuel. However, for the substitute fuel (wood pellets) there are no documented and confirmed results of such testing. The paper presents selected results of testing performed during the combustion of wood pellets in a multi-fuel automatically stoked boiler. Several measuring series were carried out, for which optimal operating conditions were indicated. These conditions may serve as the basis for the development of the boiler operation control algorithm. A detailed analysis was carried out of the flue gas temperatures obtained at the outlet of the boiler combustion chamber and of the contents of carbon monoxide and oxygen in the boiler flue gases.
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Bibliography

[1] Announcement of the Sejm Speaker of the Republic of Poland on the promulgation of a consolidated text of the Act on renewable energy sources. Journal of Laws – Republic of Poland (Dziennik Ustaw Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) 2021, Item 610 (in Polish).
[2] Regulation of the Minister of Development and Finance on the requirements for solid-fuel boilers. Journal of Laws – Republic of Poland (Dziennik Ustaw Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) 2017, Item 1690 (in Polish).
[3] EN 303-5:2021: Heating boilers – Part 5: Heating boilers for solid fuels, manually and automatically stoked, nominal heat output of up to 500 kW – Terminology, requirements, testing and marking.
[4] Poland’s Energy Policy until 2040. Ministry of Climate and the Environment, Appendix to Resolution 22/2021 of the Council of Ministers, 2021 (in Polish).
[5] Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/2146 amending Regulation (EC) 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy statistics, as regards the implementation of updates for the annual, monthly and short-term monthly energy statistics. OJ L 325, 16.12.2019.
[6] Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. OJ L 328, 21.12.2018.
[7] Zima W., Ojczyk G.: Current status and prospects for solid multi-fuel boilers of low power. Rynek Energii 5(2013), 108, 50–56 (in Polish).
[8] Juszczak M., Pałaszynska K., Rolirad K., Janicki M., Szczechowiak E.: Attempt to use additives increasing ash melting point while firing agricultural biomass pellets in order to avoid slag production in the furnace. Ciepłownictwo, Ogrzewnictwo, Wentylacja 48(2017), 8, 320–326 (in Polish).
[9] Ciupek B., Urbaniak R., Judt W.: Experimental research of changes in co, nox and pm concentrations in flue gases during combustion of wood pellets with wheat seeds. Ciepłownictwo, Ogrzewnictwo, Wentylacja 50(2019), 2, 56–61.
[10] Orłowska A., Sroka K.: Changes in legal regulations concerning supplying households with heat. Rynek Energii 140(2019), 1, 38–47.
[11] Zima W., Ojczyk G.: Analysis of combustion of wood pellets as a substitute fuel in a low-power boiler. Arch. Combust. 35(2015), 2, 117–130.
[12] Ziebik A., Stanek W.: Energy effciency – selected thermo-ecological problems. Arch. Thermodyn. 41(2020), 2, 277–299.
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[17] Kuznetsov N.V., Mitor V.V., Dubovsky I.E., Karasina E.S. (Eds.): Thermal Calculation of Steam Boilers. Normative Method (2nd Edn.). Energia, Moscow 1973 (in Russian).
[18] Rutkowski Ł., Szczygieł I.: Calculation of the furnace exit gas temperature of stoker fired boilers. Arch. Thermodyn. 42(2021), 3, 3–24.


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Authors and Affiliations

Wiesław Zima
1
Grzegorz Ojczyk
2
  1. Cracow University of Technology, Department of Energy, al. Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Kraków, Poland
  2. MTHE Modern Technologies in Heating Engineering, Młynska-Boczna 7/2, 31-470 Kraków, Poland

Implications of lithium-ion cell temperature estimation methods for intelligent battery management and fast charging systems

Ahmed Abd El Baset Abd El Halim Ehab Hassan Eid Bayoumi Walid El-Khattam Amr Mohamed Ibrahim
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2024 | 72 | 3 | e149171 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.149171
Keywords BMS fast charging lithium-ion batteries machine learning thermal testing techniques
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Abstract

This article examines in depth the most recent thermal testing techniques for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Temperature estimation circuits can be divided into six divisions based on modeling and calculation methods, including electrochemical computational modeling, equivalent electric circuit modeling (EECM), machine learning (ML), digital analysis, direct impedance measurement and magnetic nanoparticles as a base. Complexity, accuracy and computational cost-based EECM circuits are feasible. The accuracy, usability and adaptability of diagrams produced using ML have the potential to be very high. However, none of them can anticipate the low-cost integrated BMS in real time due to their high computational costs. An appropriate solution might be a hybrid strategy that combines EECM and ML.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ahmed Abd El Baset Abd El Halim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ehab Hassan Eid Bayoumi
2
Walid El-Khattam
3
Amr Mohamed Ibrahim
3
  1. Energy and Renewable Energy Department, Faculty of Engineering, Egyptian Chinese University, 14 Abou Ghazalh, Mansheya El-Tahrir,Ain Shams, Cairo, Egypt
  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
  3. Department of Electric Power and Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

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