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Water samples were collected at 12 oceanographic stations from six standard depths ranging from 0 to 100 and 150 m. The number of bacteria and concentration of organic components were expressed in adequate units per 1 litre of sea water and in the form of the integrated values for the whole water column under I m2 of sea of organic components were expressed in adequate units per 1 litre of sea water and in the form of the integrated values for the whole water column under 1 m2 of sea surface. Total numbers of bacteria (TC) ranged from 0.16 to 7.31 x 107/1 and 1.74 — 5.67 x 10, 2/m2 saprophytic bacteria (CFU) 0.10 — 46.85 x 103/1 and 0.62 — 27.7x 108/m2. contents of particulate organic carbon (РОС) 0.02 — 0.25 mg/1 and 3.5 — 20.0 g/m2 dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 0.07 — 3.02 mg/1 and 53.5 — 207.9 g/m2, dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) 0 — 1.8965 μmol/1 and 2.7 -151.5 mmol/m2, dissolved combined amino acids (DCAA) 0 2.9366 μmо1/1 and 16.5— 163.5 mmol/m2, particulate combined amino acids (PCAA) 0 — 3.0215 μmо1/1 and 3.7 — 249.0 mmol/m2. Total numbers of bacteria and РОС, DOC and DCAA concentrations, widely differentiated in the investigated area, were on the average much lower than the values obtaine in previous years. The saprophytic bacteria content and DFAA and PCAA concentrations were at a similar level to that in the past years. Higher TC and CFU values were observed in the areas with high concentrations of phytoioplankton to the NW of Anvers I. and around Clarence I.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek K. Zdanowski

Changes in branched chain amino acids content in leaves of Apera spica-venti biotypes resistant and susceptible to chlorsulfuron

Katarzyna Marczewska Jerzy Sadowski Henryka Rola

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2006 | vol. 46 | No 2 | 191-198

Keywords biological tests resistance sensitivity chlorsulfuron branched chain amino acids valine leucine isoleucine liquid chromatography

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Abstract

One of the negative aspects of the intensive use of herbicides is related to the selection of resistant biotypes (Gasquez 2001). Of all biotypes resistant to herbicides, 93 species do not respond to sulfonylurea herbicides (ALS-inhibiting herbicides). The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme is the first step in biosynthesis of a branched chain amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine). In Poland the problem of resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides has been discussed since 2001 (Rola and Marczewska 2002). Resistance tests of Apera spica-venti biotypes were conducted in the greenhouse conditions. Chlorsulfuron was applied at the four-leaf stage of development at rates ranging from 11.25 to 360 g/ha. In confirmation of resistance to chlorsulfuron as identified in biological tests, the chemical analyses were performed. The analyses investigated the influence of different doses of chlorsulfuron on free amino acids content in the aboveground part of resistant and susceptible Apera spica-venti. The analyses were carried out applying high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC). The resistance of the biotype was confirmed in amino acids analysis. In the resistant biotype followed the increase of valine, leucine and isoleucine concentration in comparison with untreated plants and those susceptible to chlorsulfuron biotype.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Marczewska

Jerzy Sadowski

Henryka Rola

Adsorption Behavior of Cadmium and Nickel from Aqueous Solution by Sacra Indica Linn. Leaf Powder

M.M. Srivastava Aditya Chauhan Pushpa Kumari Parul Sharma Shalini Srivastava

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2005 | vol. 31 | No 3 | 59-70

Keywords biosorption Saraca indica Cd Ni amino acid - metal interactions

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Abstract

The development of economic and efficient processes for the removal of toxic metals from water bodies has become a priority task for environmentalists. Biosorption processes are tangible alternatives to traditional methodologies, particularly if low metal concentration, large volume and cost are considered. The present communication reports the unexploited sorption properties of the Saraca indica leaf powder (SILP) for the removal of Cd(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous media. Sorption studies using standard practices were carried out in batch experiments as a function of biomass dosage, metal concentration, contact time, particle size and pH. Sorption studies result into the standardization of optimum conditions for the removal of Cd(II) - 92.60% and Ni(II) - 46.20% as follows: biomass dosage (4.0 g), metal concentration (Cd(II) 10 μg/cm3, Ni(ll) 10 μg/cm3) and volume of the test solution (200 cm') at pH 6.5 for Cd(II) and Ni(II). The present study explores for the first time, the efficacy of Saraca indica leaf powder as a novel and environment friendly possibility to remediate heavy metal contaminated water in a cost efficient manner.

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Authors and Affiliations

M.M. Srivastava

Aditya Chauhan

Pushpa Kumari

Parul Sharma

Shalini Srivastava

Role of Biosorbent Ficus Religiosa Leaf Powder (FRLP) in Chemical Speciation of Chromium: A Green Method for Separation

Pritee Goyal Shalini Srivastava

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2008 | vol. 34 | No 4 | 35-45

Keywords biosorption ficus religiosa Cr amino acid - Cr interactions regeneration

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Authors and Affiliations

Pritee Goyal

Shalini Srivastava

Potential of Saraca lndica Leaf Powder (SILP) for Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solution

Pritee Goyal Parul Sharma Shalini Srivastava M.M. Srivastava

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2007 | vol. 33 | No 2 | 35-44

Keywords Chromium Saraca indica biosorption amino acid-Cr interactions pretreatment

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Abstract

The paper projects the potential of agricultural waste Saraca indica leaf powder (SILP) in biosorbing chromium from aqueous system. The influence of pH, contact time, metal concentration, biomass dosage and particle size on the selectivity of the removal process was investigated. The maximum sorption efficiency of SILP for Cr(lll): 85.23% and Cr(VI): 89.67%was found to be pH dependent giving optimum sorption at pH 6.5 and 2.5 respectively. The adsorption process fitted well to both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Morphological changes observed in Scanning Electron Micrographs ofmetal treated biomass confirm the existence of biosorption phenomenon. Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometry confirms that amino acid-Cr interactions contribute a significant role in the biosorption of chromium using target leafpowder. The successful applications of easily abundant agricultural waste SILP, as a biosorbent have potential for a low technological pretreatment step, prior to economically not viable high-tech chemical treatments for the removal of Cr from water bodies.

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Authors and Affiliations

Pritee Goyal

Parul Sharma

Shalini Srivastava

M.M. Srivastava

Distribution of dissolved amino acids, dissolved saccharides and urea in the southern Drake Passage and the Bransfield Strait during BIOMASS-FIBEX, 1981

Tomasz Mężykowski

Polish Polar Research | 1982 | vol. 3 | No 3-4 | 171-182

Keywords Antarctica FIBEX dissolved amino acids dissolved saccharides urea

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Abstract

Following compounds were determined in samples from Bransfield Strait and southern part of Drake Passage (area "A"): dissolved free- and combined amino acids, dissolved mono- and polisaccharides and urea. Concentration of urea in most samples ranges from traces to 1.5 μgat Nurea-1 and total urea content in water column from 10 to 150 m lies between 19.23 and 197.4 mgat Nurea . Dissolved free amino acids concentration ranges from 0 to 0.60μg x 1-1 and total free amino acid content are found to be between 20 and 60 mmol. Concentrations of combined amino acids lay below 7 μmol x 1-11 and integrated value for combined amino acids fluctuates between traces and 450 mmol. Monosaccharides concentrations in most samples do not exceed 2.5 μmol x l-1 and their content in water column lies below 180 mmol. Polysaccharides content in water column ranges from 1.8 to 3.94 mol and concentrations vary between 8 and 32 //mol-1 1. Evident differences in the content of dissolved organic compounds between Bransfield Strait and southern part of Drake Passage were found.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Mężykowski

Effect of surface amino acids on the growth of Peltaster fructicola – fungus associated with sooty blotch complex

Beata Wrona Mark Gleason

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2005 | vol. 45 | No 4 | 273-278

Keywords Peltaster fructicola sooty blotch surface amino acids sugars apple skin conidial germination germ tubes C:N ratio

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Abstract

Studies undertaken in 2002–2004 on ‘Golden Delicious’ apple fruits showed the presence of amino acids on the surface of their skin. Amount of total free amino acids ranged from 2.5 to 3.0 mg/L. In in vitro bioassays it was found that amino acids as a basic source of nitrogen did not activate germination of conidia of Peltaster fructicola (Johnson). However amino acids stimulated elongation of germ tubes and early hyphal growth. It was confirmed that fruit washings also contained sugars that stimulated both conidial germination and germ tube elongation. We proved also that different carbon to nitrogen proportions significantly affected P. fructicola growth. Proportions of C:N were evaluated according to newly introduced amino acid sugar index (ASI)

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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Wrona

Mark Gleason

Effect of the type of amino acid on the biodegradation of ibuprofen derivatives

Paula Elżbieta Ossowicz-Rupniewska Edyta Kucharska Joanna Klebeko Ewelina Kopciuch Karolina Bilska Ewa Janus

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2023 | vol. 49 | No 4 | 46-69 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2023.148685

Keywords biodegradability ibuprofen amino acids isopropyl ester ibuprofenates metabolites nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

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Abstract

Water pollution caused by anthropogenic activity is a huge environmental problem. Huge amounts of consumed medicinal substances cause them to get into the environment. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including ibuprofen, are one of the most popular drugs in the world. This article presents the biodegradation of ibuprofen and isopropyl ester salts of various amino acids. Twelve ibuprofen isopropyl esters of L-amino acids were used in the research. The obtained derivatives may be a safer and more effective alternative to ibuprofen. Biodegradation tests were carried out using activated sludge. Sewage sludge was obtained from the local sewage treatment plant in Szczecin "Pomorzany". Ibuprofen derivatives, ibuprofenates of isopropyl amino acid esters, were used for the tests. It was checked how the type of structural modification of ibuprofen affects the biodegradation of the drug used. In this publication, it was verified how the type of amino acid affects biodegradation. Our evaluation of the biodegradation of ibuprofen derivatives by bacterial cultures revealed that six compounds are attractive carbon and energy sources for the active material utilized. These compounds were readily biodegradable within 28 days. There were no straightforward relationships between the structure, properties, and biodegradability of the obtained derivativesWater pollution caused by anthropogenic activity is a huge environmental problem. Huge amounts of consumed medicinal substances cause them to get into the environment. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including ibuprofen, are one of the most popular drugs in the world. This article presents the biodegradation of ibuprofen and isopropyl ester salts of various amino acids. Twelve ibuprofen isopropyl esters of L-amino acids were used in the research. The obtained derivatives may be a safer and more effective alternative to ibuprofen. Biodegradation tests were carried out using activated sludge. Sewage sludge was obtained from the local sewage treatment plant in Szczecin "Pomorzany". Ibuprofen derivatives, ibuprofenates of isopropyl amino acid esters, were used for the tests. It was checked how the type of structural modification of ibuprofen affects the biodegradation of the drug used. In this publication, it was verified how the type of amino acid affects biodegradation. Our evaluation of the biodegradation of ibuprofen derivatives by bacterial cultures revealed that six compounds are attractive carbon and energy sources for the active material utilized. These compounds were readily biodegradable within 28 days. There were no straightforward relationships between the structure, properties, and biodegradability of the obtained derivatives

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Authors and Affiliations

Paula Elżbieta Ossowicz-Rupniewska

1

e-mail: possowicz@zut.edu.pl

ORCID:

Edyta Kucharska

1

e-mail: edyta.kucharska@zut.edu.pl

ORCID:

Joanna Klebeko

1

e-mail: joanna.klebeko@gmail.com

ORCID:

Ewelina Kopciuch

1

e-mail: ewelinaswiatek94@gmail.com

ORCID:

Karolina Bilska

1

Ewa Janus

1

e-mail: ejanus@zut.edu.pl

ORCID:

Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland

Humic preparation and plant activity

Raikhan J. Abutova Marat K. Kozhakhmetov

Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 55 | 104-108 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.142311

Keywords alkaloid stimulants amino acids fulvic acids humic acids lake sapropel lignohumates thermochemical technology vortex reactors

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a biological humic preparation – “HUMIN PLUS”, made from natural raw materials – environmentally friendly lake sapropel on the biological development of agricultural crops. The study consisted in obtaining information and assessing the effect of a biological product on the dynamics of seedlings development, planting density, as well as crop productivity. To assess the preparation, as well as to identify the effect on the stages of plant ontogenesis, the physicochemical parameters were studied, including the content of humates, and trace elements in the sapropel extract. To interpret the effect of the growth regulator on the seed germination energy, an adaptive-neural inference system was used. To establish the nature of the action of preparation on the development biology of plant, in the conditions of Kazakhstan, a series of experiments were carried out at different stages of ontogenesis of agricultural crops. It was found that the action of the “HUMIN PLUS” preparation significantly increases the content of essential and nonessential amino acids. The findings have established that the sapropel extract “HUMIN PLUS” affects the biological activity of plants, accelerating the seed germination and increasing the productivity of agricultural crops in Kazakhstan.

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Authors and Affiliations

Raikhan J. Abutova

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marat K. Kozhakhmetov

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Department of Technology and Safety of Food Products, 050010, 8 Abai Ave., Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

Influence of a diet rich in linoleic acid on mRNA levels for enzymes of branched chain amino acids metabolism in rat’s adipose tissue: a pilot study

Małgorzata Knapik-Czajka Justyna Bieleń Monika Zajonz Anna Gawędzka Jagoda Drąg Małgorzata Belczyk

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2021 | Vol. 61 | No 3 | 55-63 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2021.138951

Keywords branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) linoleic acid adipose tissue rat

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Abstract

White adipose tissue plays an important role in the catabolism of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs). Two initial regulatory steps in BCAAs catabolism are catalyzed by branched chain aminotrans-ferase (BCAT) and branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH complex), respectively. It has been demonstrated that synthetic ligands for PPARγ receptors increased mRNA levels for enzymes involved in BCAAs catabolism. We hypothesized that feeding rats with diet rich in linoleic acid (LA), a natural PPARγ agonist modifies mRNA levels for enzymes catalyzing BCAAs degradation in adipose tissue. The current pilot study was aimed at the investigation of the effect of diet rich in LA on mRNA levels for BCATm, branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (E1 component of the BCKDH), and mRNA levels for the regulatory enzymes of BCKDH complex, a specific kinase (BDK) and a specific phosphatase (PPM1K) in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Wistar male rats were fed with high unsaturated fat diet containing mainly linoleic acid (study group) or with the high saturated fat diet (control group). The relative mRNA levels were quantified by reverse transcription PCR. We have found that in rats fed diet rich in LA mRNA level for BCATm decreased, while mRNA amount for BDK increased. There was no difference between mRNA levels for BCKDH E1 and PPM1K. It is con-ceivable that changes in mRNA levels for enzymes involved in BCAAs metabolism in eWAT may lead to modification of BCAAs catabolic rate. Further studies are required to fully elucidate this issue.

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Knapik-Czajka

1

Justyna Bieleń

1

Monika Zajonz

1

Anna Gawędzka

1

Jagoda Drąg

1

Małgorzata Belczyk

1

Department of Biochemical Analytics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Effect of 5-fluorouracil on branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex in rat’s heart

Małgorzata Knapik-Czajka Michał Jurczyk Justyna Bieleń Veronika Aleksandrovych Anna Gawędzka Paulina Stach Jagoda Drąg Krzysztof Gil

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2021 | Vol. 61 | No 1 | 121-129 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2021.137218

Keywords 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) rat heart

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Abstract

Undisturbed branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) catabolism is necessary for normal heart function. The key enzyme in BCAA catabolism is a multienzyme branched-chain α-keto acid dehydro-genase complex (BCKDH). BCKDH activity is regulated mainly by reversible dephosphorylation (activa-tion)/phosphorylation (inactivation) cycle catalyzed by regulatory enzymes, a specific phosphatase (PPM1K) and kinase (BDK). 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in the treatment of different types of cancer. 5-FU has the potential to cause a wide spectrum of cardiotoxicity, ranging from asymptomatic electrocardiographic changes to cardiomyopathy and subsequent cardiac failure. We hypothesize that 5-FU modifies BCKDH activity and affects cardiac muscle metabolism. The current study was aimed at the investigation of the in vivo effect of 5-FU on BCKDH activity and mRNA levels for E1, PPM1K and BDK. Wistar male rats were administered with 4 doses of 5-FU, 150 mg/kg b.wt. each (study group) or 0.3% methylcellulose (control group). BCKDH activity was assayed spectrophotometrically. The mRNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR. 5-FU treatment caused an increase in BCKDH activity that appears to result mainly from increased dephosphorylation of the complex and is associated with an increase of PPM1K mRNA level and reduction of BDK and E1 mRNA levels. It is conceivable that 5-FU stimulation of BCKDH is an adaptive reaction with the purpose of enhancing the BCAA catabolism and protecting from toxic effect caused by excessive accumulation of these amino acids in heart.

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Knapik-Czajka

1

Michał Jurczyk

2

Justyna Bieleń

1

Veronika Aleksandrovych

2

Anna Gawędzka

1

Paulina Stach

2

Jagoda Drąg

1

Krzysztof Gil

3

Department of Biochemical Analytics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
2Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

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