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Abstract

Mycoplasma bovis is a highly contagious pathogen that causes clinical or subclinical mastitis. The present study was aimed for the isolation, molecular characterization and antibiogram determination of M. bovis from raw milk samples. Milk samples were collected randomly from lactating cows and buffaloes from different tehsils of district Faisalabad, Pakistan. Samples were inoculated on modified Hayflick medium and biochemical tests were performed for further confirmation of isolated M. bovis. Out of total 400 milk samples, 184 (46%) samples were found positive for culture method. The 16S-rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction was performed for molecular characterization of isolated M. bovis strains. Out of total 400 milk samples, 240 (60%) positive for M. bovis through PCR method were examined. The 16S-rRNA gene PCR positive isolated M. bovis strains were sequenced and results were compared using Maximum-likelihood method and sequenced strains of M. bovis were aligned and analyzed by Clustal W software. Antibiogram of isolated M. bovis strains was analyzed by disc diffusion assay against eight commonly used antibiotics. Tylosin (30μg) and Tilmicosin (15ug) showed inhibition zones of 32.34 ± 1.10 mm and 17.12 ± 0.93 mm respectively against isolated M. bovis which were found sensitive. Isolated M. bovis was found resistant to other commonly used antibiotics. Statistical analysis revealed that p-value was < 0.05 and the odds ratio was >1.0 at 95% CI. This study complemented the lack of epidemiological knowledge of molecular characterization, comparative effectiveness and resistance trends of isolated M. bovis strains against commonly used antibiotics.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Jabbar
1
M. Ashraf
1
S.U. Rahman
1
M.S. Sajid
2

  1. Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
  2. Department of parasitology, University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella has been associated with the presence of integrons and many other resistance mechanisms contributing to the spread of antimicrobial-resistant genes within and between livestock and human populations. In this study, the presence of Salmonella serovars from broiler and cattle samples and their antimicrobial resistance, integrons, tet resistance, ESBL and resistance genes carriage were investigated. Total of 209 litter (broiler farms) and fecal samples (cattle farms) were examined by bacteriological procedures, susceptibilities against 18 antimicrobials and genes carriages were detected by singleplex and multiplex PCR. A total of 46/209 (22 %) Salmonella strains were isolated. Six different Salmonella serotypes from 46 Salmonella isolates were identified and the most common serotype was S. Infantis 38 (82.6%) from broiler litter; followed by S. Kitenge 3 (6.5 %) from fecal sample. The highest occurrence of resistance observed for penicilline (46/46, %100), lincomycin (43/46, 93.5%) and 42 isolates (43/46, 93.5%) exhibited MDR. The overall occurrence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons carrying Salmonella in tested samples were 63.04% (29/46), 43.5% (20/46) and 84.8% (39/46) respectively. Out of the 27 isolates produced an ESBL, mostly CTX and TEM. On 46 Salmonella isolates, in 16 (34.8%) Tcr’ genes were determined. Genotypic and phenotipic detection of ESBL genes found within integrons from Salmonella isolates from different sources (broiler and cattle) can provide powerful information about health and economic risk associated with transferable multidrug resistance.
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Authors and Affiliations

O. Sahan Yapicier
1
D. Ozturk
2

  1. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Bacteriological Diagnostic Laboratory, 06020, Ankara, Turkey
  2. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, 15030, Burdur, Turkey

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