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Abstract

Prof. Małgorzata Kossut of the Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology talks about brain plasticity, the mechanisms of learning, and the mysteries of forgetfulness.

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Kossut
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Abstract

Psychedelics, as a plant-derived material, have been used for millennia in religious and medical practices. They produce an altered state of consciousness characterized by distortions of perception, hallucinations, dissolution of self boundaries and the experience of unity with the world. Classic psychedelics, also known as serotonergic hallucinogens, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin were extensively investigated in substance-assisted psychotherapy during the 1950s–1960s. These early clinical studies reported improvement rates in patients with various forms of depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol dependence. The development of modern neuroimaging techniques renewed interest in the investigation of psychedelics as a class of drugs that may reopen multiple therapeutic benefits. Current behavioral and neurochemical data show that psychedelics induce their psychological effects primarily via 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2A (5-HT2A) receptor activation and modulate neural circuits involved in mood and affective disorders. Clinical trials examining psilocybin have suggested that the compound relieves symptoms of depression and anxiety with rapid onset and longer duration. Serotonergic psychedelics enhance expression of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as expression of genes associated with synaptic plasticity and stimulate synapse formation. These effects are similar to those produced by fast-acting antidepressant ketamine. Basic science research can reveal the neural mechanism of psychedelics action and how they can be used for treatment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krystyna Gołembiowska
1

  1. Instytut Farmakologii im. Jerzego Maja Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Kraków
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Abstract

Memory trace is an effect of temporary arousal (perception, experience, action) that causes a specific change in the nervous system. Memory allows to record and recall various information, thus enabling to learn new things. It is an extremely active and dynamic process. The influence of emotions on memory is obvious, largely determined by the close cooperation of the amygdala (responsible for emo-tions) and the hippocampus (memory processes).
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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Fałek
1
Artur Fałek
1
Monika Kager
2
Richard Kager
3
Piotr Walkowicz
2
Marcin Kubiak
2
Elżbieta Starosławska
2
Franciszek Burdan
2 4

  1. Independent Public Healthcare, Puławy, Poland
  2. St. John’s Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
  3. Public Independent Clinical Hospital Number 4, Lublin, Poland
  4. Human Anatomy Department, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland

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