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Number of results: 121
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Abstract

In this paper we show how formal computer science concepts—such as encoding, algorithm or computability—can be interpreted philosophically, including ontologically and epistemologically. Such interpretations lead to questions and problems, the working solutions of which constitute some form of pre-philosophical worldview. In this work we focus on questions inspired by the IT distinction between digitality and analogicity, which has its mathematical origin in the mathematical distinction between discreteness and continuity. These include the following questions: 1) Is the deep structure of physical reality digital or analog, 2) does the human mind resemble a more digital or analog computational system, 3) does the answer to the second question give us a cognitively fruitful insight into the cognitive limitations of the mind? As a particularly important basis for the above questions, we consider the fact that the computational power (i.e., the range of solvable problems) of some types of analog computations is greater than that of digital computations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Stacewicz
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Abstract

A Computational Intelligence (CI) approach is one of the main trending and potent data dealing out and processing instruments to unravel and resolve difficult and hard reliability crisis and it takes an important position in intelligent reliability analysis and management of data. Nevertheless, just few little broad reviews have recapitulated the current attempts of Computational Intelligence (CI) in reliability assessment in power systems. There are many methods in reliability assessment with the aim to prolong the life cycles of a system, to maximize profit and predict the life cycle of assets or systems within an organization especially in electric power distribution systems. Sustaining an uninterrupted electrical energy supply is a pointer of affluence and nationwide growth. The general background of reliability assessment in power system distribution using computational intelligence, some computational intelligence techniques, reliability engineering, literature reviews, theoretical or conceptual frameworks, methods of reliability assessment and conclusions was discussed. The anticipated and proposed technique has the aptitude to significantly reduce the needed period for reliability investigation in distribution networks because the distribution network needs an algorithm that can evaluate, assess, measure and update the reliability indices and system performance within a short time. It can also manage outages data on assets and on the entire system for quick and rapid decisions making as well as can prevent catastrophic failures. Those listed above would be taken care of if the proposed method is utilized. This overview or review may be deemed as valuable assistance for anybody doing research.
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Authors and Affiliations

Elijah Adebayo Olajuyin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paul Kehinde Olulope
2
Emmanuel Taiwo Fasina
2

  1. Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere Ekiti, Nigeria
  2. Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
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Abstract

Quantum computers excel at tasks where classical computers falter – explains Prof. Artur Ekert from the Mathematical Institute at Oxford University and the National University of Singapore.
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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Ekert
1

  1. the Mathematical Institute at Oxford University and the National University of Singapore
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Abstract

Green spaces are an integral element of urban structures. They are not only a place of rest for their users, but also positively affect their well-being and health. The eff ect of these spaces, is the better, the smoother they create larger urban layout – stings of greenery. The introduction of urban greenery can and should be one of the basic elements of revitalization. Often, however, greenery is designed without multi-aspect analysis, enabling understanding of conditions and the use of existing potential in a given place. The use of computational design in conjunction with the use of generally available databases, such as numerical SRTM terrain models, publicly available OSM map database and EPW meteorological data, allows for the design of space in a more comprehensive way. These design methods allow better matching of the greenery design in a given area to specific architectural, urban and environmental conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lucyna Nyka
Jan Cudzik
Kacper Radziszewski
Dominik Sędzicki
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Abstract

In the realm of high-power LED applications, several critical concerns emerge, significantly impacting LED operational efficiency and reliability. Among these concerns, wire deformation during the LED encapsulation process poses a substantial threat to LED longevity. This research endeavors to investigate the influence of gold wire quantity on the LED encapsulation procedure. Leveraging ANSYS Fluent, our study employs the Volume of Fluid (VOF) technique along with a user-defined function (UDF) to model the deposition of epoxy materials onto the LED. Moreover, ANSYS Fluent is harnessed for a comprehensive analysis of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) phenomena that occur between the gold wire bonding and the epoxy materials. The FSI modeling allows us to indirectly quantify the stress exerted on the gold wire bonding during the encapsulation process. Our simulations encompass a range of gold wire quantities, spanning from 1 to 5, while a validation experiment is conducted to affirm the structural integrity of epoxy materials as per the simulation setup. Our findings reveal a direct correlation between increased epoxy material density and heightened wire deformation, stress levels, and strain distribution on the wire bonding. For EMC, which has the highest density, the maximum gold wire deformation, Von Mises stress, and strain distribution on the gold wire are 2.6616×10–8 mm, 0.00064 MPa, and 8.2019×10–9, respectively. Additionally, the simulations underscore that augmenting the number of gold wires exacerbates stress and strain distribution, assuming consistent epoxy material usage. The present study will contribute to the understanding of the mechanical aspects linked with LED encapsulation and present potential opportunities for improving manufacturing procedures and guiding future experimental attempts in this research domain.
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Authors and Affiliations

M.S. Abdul Azis
1
ORCID: ORCID
M.S. Rusdi
1
ORCID: ORCID
M.S. Zubir
1
Z. Embong
2
ORCID: ORCID
M. Nabiałek
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Faculty of Applied Science and Technology (FAST), Department of Physics and Chemistry , 84600 Panchor, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
  3. Częstochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics, Al. A. Krajowej 19, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
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Abstract

Half a century ago two papers were published, related to generalized inverses of cracovians by two different authors, in chronological order, respectively by Jean Dommanget and by Helmut Moritz. Both independently developed papers demonstrated new theorems, however, certain similarity between them appeared. Helmut Moritz having recognized that situation, promised to mention it later in one of his published papers. This has never been done, so the author of the present paper gives some details about the situation and claims his paternity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jean Dommanget
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Abstract

This paper presents a new type of underactuated ground mobile robot called Caster Car. The platform consists of a front-driven and steered wheel and two uncontrolled rear caster wheels. The Caster Car model presented can be an interesting alternative for mobile robots that connects dynamic properties of hovercrafts and classical 4-wheeled cars. Underactuated properties of the Caster Car cause that classical proportional-derivative feedback control give the ability to affect only selected configuration variables. Three mathematical models of the Caster Car are proposed: a dynamic model with free-moving casters, a dynamic model with blocked casters, and a simplified hovercraft description. Models were tested during tracking tasks with demanding trajectory using selective and full-state control. This full state control was based on the computed torque technique with the pseudoinverse operation and proportional-derivative feedback. It gives the ability to suppress unstable behaviors of uncontrolled orientation but in cost of overall effect (higher position errors).
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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Korczak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Narbutta84, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Computational intelligence (CI) can adopt/optimize important principles in the workflow of 3D printing. This article aims to examine to what extent the current possibilities for using CI in the development of 3D printing and reverse engineering are being used, and where there are still reserves in this area. Methodology: A literature review is followed by own research on CI-based solutions. Results: Two ANNs solving the most common problems are presented. Conclusions: CI can effectively support 3D printing and reverse engineering especially during the transition to Industry 4.0. Wider implementation of CI solutions can accelerate and integrate the development of innovative technologies based on 3D scanning, 3D printing, and reverse engineering. Analyzing data, gathering experience, and transforming it into knowledge can be done faster and more efficiently, but requires a conscious application and proper targeting.
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Authors and Affiliations

Izabela Rojek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Mikołajewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Nowak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Zbigniew Szczepański
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Macko
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Computer Science, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
  2. Faculty of Mechatronics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Abstract

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the thermal-flow characteristics for a laminar flow inside a rectangular microchannel. The flow of water through channels with thin obstacles mounted on opposite walls was analyzed. The studies were conducted with a low Reynolds number (from 20 to 200). Different heights of rectangular obstacles were analyzed to see if geometrical factors influence fluid flow and heat exchange in the microchannel. Despite of the fact that the use of thin obstacles in the microchannels leads to an increase in the pressure drop, the increase in the height of the obstacles favors a significant intensification of heat exchange with the maximum thermal gain factor of 1.9 for the obstacle height coefficient h/H=0.5, which could be acceptable for practical application.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Kmiotek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Robert Smusz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow, Poland
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Abstract

Myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) expansion is associated with myocardial abnormalities such as interstitial fibrosis, inflammation or amyloid deposition. Our aim was to search for correlates of ECV fraction (ECVF) derived from routine cardiac computed tomography (CT) of real-world patients. We retrospectively calculated ECVF from archived chest CT scans performed in 103 patients (51 women and 52 men; mean age: 66 ± 13 years) during a diagnostic work-up based on clinical indications. From recorded echocardiographic images, we calculated indices of left ventricular (LV) structure and function, including systolic (S’) and diastolic (E’ and A’) mitral annular velocities. There were no significant relations between ECVF and clinical or echocardiographic parameters. LV function was comparable according to median ECVF (24.7%) (S’: 10.4 ± 4.1 vs. 9.5 ± 8.0 cm/s; E’: 9.2 ± 3.4 vs. 9.4 ± 3.1 cm/s; E’/A’ ratio: 1.0 ± 0.6 vs. 1.2 ± 0.9; E/E’ ratio: 9.0 ± 4.8 vs. 9.4 ± 5.8 for ECVF above and below the median, respectively). S’ and E’ were positively correlated in 52 subjects with an over-median ECVF (r = 0.46, p = 0.001), in contrast to their 51 counterparts with a below-median ECVF (r = 0.15, p = 0.3). In conclusion, ECV expansion might be associated with a marked interdependence of S’ and E’, corresponding to systolic and early diastolic LV performance, respectively. As E’ is a rough surrogate index of LV active relaxation, these findings could reflect a contribution of LV fibrosis to early LV diastolic dysfunction, known to coincide with discrete LV long-axis systolic dysfun
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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Nowak
1
Maksym Sikora
1
Michał Drabik
1
Maria Kurek
1
Ewa Wieczorek-Surdacka
2
Bernadeta Chyrchel
3 4
Tadeusz Popiela
4

  1. Students’ Scientific Group at the Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Center for Innovative Medical Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  3. Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  4. Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Pola
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Abstract

Intraorbital foreign bodies still remain an unsolved and serious diagnostic problem. Due to the complicated anatomical orbital structure, both the diagnosis and treatment of these injuries are considered to be one of the most challenging. We present a case of a metallic foreign body (a bullet) imbeded in the orbit of a 10-year-old boy. Only after performing computed tomography imaging using the metal artifacts reduction algorithm it was possible to properly localize the foreign body. The issue of intraorbital foreign bodies is interdisciplinary and requires the co-operation between many specialists, including ophthalmologists, otorhinolaryngologists and radiologists.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Dworak
1
Kamila Stolcman-Mrugała
1
Zuzanna Gałuszka
1
Karolina Pasierb
1
Robert Chrzan
2
Jacek Składzień
1

  1. Chair and Department of Otolaryngology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Chair of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

In this article we present a procedure that allows to synthesize optimal circuit representing any reversible function within reasonable size limits. The procedure allows to choose either the NCT or the MCT gate set and specify any number of ancillary qubits to be used in the circuit. We will explore efficacy of this procedure by synthesizing various sources of nonlinearity used in contemporary symmetric ciphers and draw conclusions about properties of those transformations in quantum setting. In particular we will try to synthesize optimal circuit representing ASCON cipher SBOX which recently won NIST competition for Lightweight Cryptography standard.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Jagielski
1

  1. Military University of Technology in Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Swarm intelligence algorithms are widely recognized for their efficiency in solving complex optimization problems. However, their scalability poses challenges, particularly with large problem instances. This study investigates the time performance of swarm intelligence algorithms by leveraging parallel computing on both central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs). The focus is on optimizing algorithms designed for range search in Euclidean space to enhance GPU execution. Additionally, the study explores swarm-inspired solutions specifically tailored for GPU implementations, emphasising improving efficiency in video rendering and computer simulations. The findings highlight the potential of GPU-accelerated swarm intelligence solutions to address scalability challenges in large-scale optimization, offering promising advancements in the field.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Michalski
1
Andrzej Sołtysik
1
Marek Woda
1

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland

Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Karwat
1

  1. Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Computational modeling plays an important role in the methodology of contemporary science. The epistemological role of modeling and simulations leads to questions about a possible use of this method in philosophy. Attempts to use some mathematical tools to formulate philosophical concepts trace back to Spinoza and Newton. Newtonian natural philosophy became an example of successful use of mathematical thinking to describe the fundamental level of nature. Newton’s approach has initiated a new scientific field of research in physics and at the same time his system has become a source of new philosophical considerations about physical reality. According to Michael Heller, some physical theories may be treated as the formalizations of philosophical conceptions. Computational modeling may be an extension of this idea; this is what I would like to present in the article. I also consider computational modeling in philosophy as a source of new philosophical metaphors; this idea has been proposed in David J. Bolter’s conception of defining technology. The consideration leads to the following conclusion: In the methodology of philosophy significant changes have been taking place; the new approach do not make traditional methods obsolete, it is rather a new analytical tools for philosophy and a source of inspiring metaphors.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Polak
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Abstract

Disk motors are characterized by the axial direction of main magnetic flux and the variable length of the magnetic flux path along varying stator/rotor radii. This is why it is generally accepted that reliable electromagnetic calculations for such machines should be carried out using the FEM for 3D models. The 3D approach makes it possible to take into account an entire spectrum of different effects. Such computational analysis is very time-consuming, this is in particular true for machines with one magnetic axis only. An alternate computational method based on a 2D FEM model of a cylindrical motor is proposed in the paper. The obtained calculation results have been verified by means of lab test results for a physical model. The proposed method leads to a significant decrease of computational time, i.e. the decrease of iterative search for the most advantageous design.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Wolnik
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The future Internet of Things (IoT) era is anticipated to support computation-intensive and time-critical applications using edge computing for mobile (MEC), which is regarded as promising technique. However, the transmitting uplink performance will be highly impacted by the hostile wireless channel, the low bandwidth, and the low transmission power of IoT devices. Using edge computing for mobile (MEC) to offload tasks becomes a crucial technology to reduce service latency for computation-intensive applications and reduce the computational workloads of mobile devices. Under the restrictions of computation latency and cloud computing capacity, our goal is to reduce the overall energy consumption of all users, including transmission energy and local computation energy. In this article, the Deep Q Network Algorithm (DQNA) to deal with the data rates with respect to the user base in different time slots of 5G NOMA network. The DQNA is optimized by considering more number of cell structures like 2, 4, 6 and 8. Therefore, the DQNA provides the optimal distribution of power among all 3 users in the 5G network, which gives the increased data rates. The existing various power distribution algorithms like frequent pattern (FP), weighted least squares mean error weighted least squares mean error (WLSME), and Random Power and Maximal Power allocation are used to justify the proposed DQNA technique. The proposed technique which gives 81.6% more the data rates when increased the cell structure to 8. Thus 25% more in comparison to other algorithms like FP, WLSME Random Power and Maximal Power allocation.
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Authors and Affiliations

P.G Suprith
1
Mohammed Riyaz Ahmed
2

  1. REVA University, Bangalore, and Karnataka, India
  2. REVA University and HKBK College of Engineering, Bangalore, and Karnataka, India
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Abstract

The article deals with a current state-of-art of fluid solid interaction (FSI) – the new branch of continuum physics. Fluid-solid interaction is a new quality of modeling physical processes of continuum mechanics, it can be described as the interaction of various (so far treated separately from the point of view of mathematical modeling) physical phenomena occurring in continuous media systems. The most correct is the simultaneous application of the laws of the given physical disciplines, which implies that fluid solid interaction is a subset of multi-physical applications where the interactions between these subsets are exchanged on the surface in interconnected systems. Our purpose is to extend the fluid solid interaction aplications into new phenomena what follow from the industrial needs and inovative thechnologies. Selecting the various approaches, we prefer the arbitraty lagrangean-eulerian description within the bulk of fluid/solid domain and a new sort of advanced boundary condition on a surface of common contact.
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[17] Kraszewski B., Bzymek G., Ziółkowski P., Badur J.: Extremal thermal loading of a bifurcation pipe. AIP Conf. Proc. 2077(2019), 1, 020030.
[18] Dudda W., Banaszkiewicz M., Ziółkowski P.J.: Validation plastic model with hardening of St12t. AIP Conf. Proc. 2077(2019), 020016.
[19] Szwaba R., Ochrymiuk T., Lewandowski T., Czerwinska J.: Experimental investigation of microscale effects in perforated plate aerodynamics. J. Fluids Eng. 135(2013), 12.
[20] Badur J., Ziółkowski P., Kowalczyk T., Ziółkowski P.J., Stajnke M., Bryk M., Kraszewski B.: In: Proc. 6th Conf.e on Nano- and Micromechanics, Rzeszów, 3–7 July 2019.
[21] Badur J., Karcz M., Lemanski M., Nastałek L.: Enhancement Transport Phenomena in the Navier-Stokes Shell-like Slip Layer. Computer Model. Eng. Sci. 73(2011), 299–310.
[22] Banas K., Badur J.: Influence of strength differential effect on material effort of a turbine guide vane based on thermoelastoplastic analysis. J. Therm. Stress. 40(2017), 1368–1385.
[23] Kornet S., Badur J.: Infuence of turbulence RANS models on heat transfer coefficients and stress distribution during thermal-FSI analysis of power turbine guide vane of helicopter turbine engine PZL-10W taking into account convergence of heat flux. Prog. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 17(2017), 352–360.
[24] Ziółkowski P., Kowalczyk T., Kornet S., Badur J.: On low-grade waste heat utilization from a supercritical steam power plant using an ORC-bottoming cycle coupled with two sources of heat. Energ. Convers. Manage. 146(2017), 158–173.
[25] Ziółkowski P., Badur J.: On Navier slip and Reynolds transpiration numbers. Arch. Mech. 70(2018), 269–300.
[26] Ziółkowski P., Badur J.: Navier number and transition to turbulence. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 530(2014), 1–8.
[27] Czechowicz K, Badur J, Narkiewicz K.: Two-way FSI modelling of blood flow through CCA accounting on-line medical diagnostics in hypertension. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 530(2014), 1–8.
[28] Badur J., Lemanski M., Kowalczyk T., Ziółkowski P., Kornet P.: Zerodimensional robust model of an SOFC with internal reforming for hybrid energy cycles. Energy 158(2018), 128–138.
[29] Badur J., Ziółkowski P.J., Ziółkowski P.: On the angular velocity slip in nanoflows. Microfluid Nanofluid 19(2015), 191–198.
[30] Badur J., Ziółkowski P., Sławinski D., Kornet S.: An approach for estimation of water wall degradation within pulverized-coal boilers. Energy 92(2015), 142–152.
[31] Felicjancik J., Ziółkowski P., Badur J.: An advanced thermal-FSI approach of an evaporation of air heat pump. Trans. Inst. Fluid-Flow Mach. 129(2015), 111–141.
[32] Badur J., Stajnke M., Ziółkowski P., Józwik P., Bojar Z., Ziółkowski P.J.: Mathematical modeling of hydrogen production performance in thermocatalytic reactor based on the intermetallic phase of Ni3Al. Arch. Thermodyn. 3(2019), 3–26.
[33] Badur J., Ziółkowski P., Kornet S., Stajnke M., Bryk M., Banas K., Ziółkowski P.J.: The effort of the steam turbine caused by a flood wave load. AIP Conf. Proc. 1822(2017), 1, 020001.
[34] Badur J., Bryk M., Ziółkowski P., Sławinski D., Ziółkowski P.J., Kornet S., Stajnke M.: On a comparison of Huber–Mises–Hencky with Burzynski- Pecherski equivalent stresses for glass body during nonstationary thermal load. AIP Conf. Proc. 1822(2017), 1, 020002.
[35] Banaszkiewicz M.: On-line monitoring and control of thermal stresses in steam turbine rotors. Appl. Therm. Eng. 94(2016), 763–776
[36] Ochrymiuk T.: Numerical analysis of microholes film/effusion cooling effectiveness. J. Therm. Sci. 26(2017), 5, 459–464.
[37] Ochrymiuk T.: Numerical prediction of film cooling effectiveness over flat plate using variable turbulent Prandtl number closures. J. Therm. Sci. 25(2016), 3, 280– 286.
[38] Ochrymiuk T.: Numerical investigations of the 3D transonic field and heat transfer at the over-tip casing in a HP-turbine stage. Appl. Therm. Eng. 103(2016), 411–418.
[39] Froissart M., Ziolkowski P., Dudda W., Badur J.: Heat exchange enhancement of jet impingement cooling with the novel humped-cone heat sink. Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 28(2021), 1, 101445101445.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Ochrymiuk
1
Mariusz Banaszkiewicz
1 2
Marcin Lemański
1 3
Tomasz Kowalczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Ziółkowski
1 4
Piotr J. Ziółkowski
1
Rafał Hyrzyński
1 5
Michał Stajnke
1
Mateusz Bryk
1
Bartosz Kraszewski
1
Sylwia Kruk-Gotzman
1 6
Marcin Froissart
1
Janusz Badur
1

  1. Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Science, Fiszera 14, 80-331 Gdansk, Poland
  2. General Electric Power, Stoczniowa 2, 82-300 Elblag, Poland
  3. Anwil Grupa Orlen, Torunska 222, 87-800 Włocławek, Poland
  4. Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
  5. Energa S.A. Grunwaldzka 472, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
  6. Agencja Rynku Energii, Bobrowiecka 3, 00-728 Warszawa, Poland
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Abstract

Energy Management (EMS) is understood as the effort to minimize energy consumption in industrial facilities through a continuous improvement approach. Decentralized Control Systems (DCS) concentrated on optimizing energy consumption in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are still rarely used. The practical application of the continuous improvement approach relies on a Deming-like cycle, utilizing data gathered through Data Acquisition and Presentation Systems. The article addresses the issue of designing and implementing such type of systems as foundation of Energy Management in SMEs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lukasz Korus
1
Andrzej Jablonski
1

  1. Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract

The reaction of alkalis with aggregate containing reactive forms of silica (ASR) plays a significant role in shaping the durability of concrete, as the strongly hygroscopic reaction products generated lead to internal stress, causing its expansion and cracking. This study presents an extended analysis of corrosive processes occurring in mortars with reactive natural aggregate from Poland, using computed tomography and scanning microscopy methods. Numerous cracks in the grains and the surrounding cementitious matrix were observed, indicating a high degree of advancement of corrosive processes. Over time, the proportion of pores with reduced sphericity increased, indicating ongoing degradation of the mortars. The usefulness of computed tomography in studying the progress of ASR was demonstrated. Scanning microscopy confirmed that the cause of mortar degradation is the formed ASR gel with a typical composition, located within the volume of reactive grains, cracks propagating into the cementitious matrix, and accumulated in air voids.
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Authors and Affiliations

Justyna Zapała-Sławeta
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysi ˛aclecia Panstwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
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Abstract

The study aimed touse3D computed tomography (CT) to analyse a joint between two dissimilar materials produced by friction stir welding (FSW). As the materials joined, i.e., aluminum and copper, differ in properties (e.g., density and melting point), the weld is predicted to have an inhomogeneous microstructure. The investigations involved applying microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT) to visualize and analyze the volumetric structure of the joint. Volume rendering is extremely useful because, unlike computer modelling, which requires many simplifications, it helps create highly accurate representations of objects. Image segmentation into regions was performed through global gray-scale thresholding. The analysis also included elemental mapping of the weld cross-sections using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and examination of its surface morphology by means of optical microscopy (OP). The joint finds its use in developing elements used in the chemical, energetics and aerospace industries, due to the excellent possibilities of combining many different properties, and above all, reducing the weight of the structure.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech P. Depczyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Damian Bańkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr S. Młynarczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Radiography and Computed Tomography Laboratory, Department of Metal Science and Manufacturing Processes, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
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Abstract

The dynamically changing environment forces companies to introduce changes in production processes and the need for employees to adapt quickly to new tasks. Therefore, it is expected to implement solutions to support employees. The system that will manage the work on a manufacturing line should work in real time to support the ongoing activities and, to be implemented in SMEs, must not be expensive. The authors identified important system components and expected functionalities. The methodology of the work is based on humancentered design. A concept of a cyber-physical system is proposed. The aim of the proposed edge computing-based system is to manage the work on the manufacturing line in which certain elements communicate with each other to achieve common goals. The paper presents what the system can consist of, how information and knowledge are managed in the system, and what can be the benefits for enterprises from its implementation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Stadnicka
Andrea BONCI
Sauro LONGHI
Massimiliano PIRANI
Grzegorz DEC
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Abstract

Abstract. The paper introduces a neuromorphic computational approach for breathing rate monitoring of a single person observed using a Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave radar. The architecture, aimed at implementation in analog hardware to ensure high energy efficiency and to provide system operation longevity, comprises two main functional modules. The first one is a data preprocessing unit aimed at the extraction of information relevant to the analysis objective, whereas the second one is a pre-trained recurrent neural regressor, which analyzes sequences of incoming samples and estimates the breathing rate. To ensure compatibility with neural processing and to achieve simplicity of underlying resources, several solutions were proposed for the data preprocessing module, which provides range-wise space segmentation, selection of a bin of interest (comprising the dominant motion activity), and delivery of data to regressor inputs. To implement these functions, we introduce an appropriate chirp frequency modulation scheme, apply a neuromorphic filtering procedure and use a Winner-Takes-All network for extracting information from the bin of interest. The architecture has been experimentally verified using a dataset of indoor recordings supplied with reference data from a Zephyr BioHarness device. We show that the proposed architecture is capable of making correct breathing rate estimates while being feasible for analog implementation. The mean squared regression error with respect to the Zephyr-produced reference values is approximately 3.3 breaths per minute (with a deviation of ±0:27 in the 95% confidence interval) and the estimates are produced by a recurrent, GRU-based neural regressor, with a total of only 147 parameters.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Ślot
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Łuczak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sławomir Hausman
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Applied Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology
  2. Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology

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