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Abstrakt

Pojęcie społecznej odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorstw jest dziś w Polsce dużo lepiej znane i znacznie szerzej dyskutowane niż wcześniej. Rok 2018 był bowiem pierwszym rokiem w historii, w którym – w związku z implementacją dyrektywy Unii Europejskiej – duże i średnie przedsiębiorstwa zaczęły oficjalnie raportować wdrażanie strategii z zakresu społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu, a przedsiębiorstwa nieprowadzące takiej polityki musiały wyjaśniać w swych raportach przyczyny takiego stanu rzeczy. Artykuł, odwołując się do istniejącej literatury na ten temat i toczącej się dyskusji, poszukuje odpowiedzi na pytanie o możliwość takiego zaangażowania kulturotwórczego przedsiębiorstw, które byłoby integralną częścią ich odpowiedzialności społecznej.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Maria Magdalena Jagielska

Abstrakt

The paper develops the implicit as well as explicit meaning which evokes Stanisław Lem’s concept of the Body and the Corporality portrayed in the novel Return from the Stars. Moreover, Lem’s novel about an astronaut Hal Bregg and his return on Earth is analysed. In this novel author uses the idea of Einstein’s twin paradox. Hal Bergg—the stereotype of masculinity—is confronted with decadent and egalitarian society, which may be refers to the reunion masculinity with femininity. Such storyline shows the multidimensionality of the issue of Corporality, and presents the Body as a epistemological metaphor of modernism and postmodernism. In addition, the Body is depicted in the Return of the Stars as a figure of a mask and a costume. Furthermore, the Body in Lem’s novel is also interpreted as part of the Universe—as the boundary between what is temporary and what is infinite and transcendent.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Łukasz Kucharczyk
1

  1. The Faculty of the Humanities, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s University, Warsaw, Poland

Abstrakt

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie zależności tego, co nasze/moje, a Inne/Obce, w myśleniu o konfliktach wokół projektów inwestycyjnych. W przypadku pojawienia się inwestycji związanych z zagospodarowaniem przestrzeni i zasobów Ziemi, zwłaszcza jeśli spowoduje to jakiekolwiek zmiany (realne czy potencjalne), generowane są emocje negatywne, prowadzące do powstania zarzewia konfliktu.

Paradoksalnie udział w konflikcie może nieść ze sobą korzyści dla stron zaangażowanych, choćby takie jak: zaspokojenie potrzeb (uwagi i ważności), realizowanie się w (nowych) rolach społecznych, poznawanie innych punktów widzenia, odnajdywanie się w nowych grupach społecznych czy „zakorzenienie” w lokalności. Żyjąc w „społecznym teatrze życia” każda osoba odgrywa różne role, co może prowadzić do napięcia i poczucia ambiwalencji. W takiej sytuacji jednostka ma poczucie rozproszenia tożsamości mogąc być jednocześnie w kilku opozycyjnych do siebie grupach. Jako przykład posłużyć może tu konflikt wokół projektu górniczego Orzesze. Ten i inne przykłady pokazują, że to, co moje oraz Inne/Obce, przy całej swej odrębności, jest jednak w mniejszy czy większy sposób ze sobą splecione. Fenomen wzajemnych zależności Innego/Obcego i konfliktu może być zatem ciekawym spojrzeniem na problematykę konfliktów w gospodarowaniu przestrzenią i zasobami Ziemi. Konflikty, w tym zwłaszcza okołogórnicze, są niezwykle złożonym zjawiskiem, z wielkim potencjałem – zarówno negatywnym, jak i pozytywnym. Docenienie wymienionych w artykule korzyści, wynikających ze wzajemnych zależności stron zaangażowanych w konflikt, wraz z gotowością wyjścia poza sferę komfortu, dają możliwość zrozumienia i szukania porozumienia prowadzącego do pozytywnej zmiany zgodnej z ideą zrównoważonego rozwoju.

W tej złożonej sytuacji włączenie aspektów nie tylko socjologicznych, ale także psychologicznych staje się ważnym elementem polityki surowcowej państwa i przedsiębiorstw, którego nie można dłużej zaniedbywać.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Joanna Iza Belzyt
Jarosław Badera

Abstrakt

In this article the author intend to use an epistemological concept and its categories of description to analyse two specially chosen biographies reflecting diverse postmodern life patterns. Postmodernity, or in fact the postmodern order, refers to the concept of order-making dimensions discussed in the previous article concerning hypermodernity. It is treated there as casual and variable with regard to the category of relations and work, and the only certainty for the individual, in regard to future possibilities or necessities, is the individual’s own identity. This article adds the category of resonance to the characteristics of postmodernity, as a synonym for a person’s primary entanglement in the world. It is a category of which individuals are increasingly aware, on which they reflect, and which they make an object of their experience.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Kamila Biały

Abstrakt

Niniejsza analiza jest poświęcona cechom językowym tweetów występujących w interakcji z klientami na profilach angielskich oraz polskich firm. Analiza obejmuje badanie struktury tweetów, frekwencji słów, występowania elementów nieformalnych i niestandardowych, błędów językowych, użycia emotikonów oraz hashtagów. Badanie porównuje język stosowany przez reprezentantów firm angielskich oraz polskich i wyszczególnia szereg podobieństw oraz różnic pomiędzy analizowanymi korpusami. Cechą wspólną dla tweetów angielskich i polskich jest wysoka frekwencja aktów grzecznościowych oraz struktur odzwierciedlających nakierowanie na klienta w dyskursie. Różnice dotyczą frekwencji występowania i użycia języka nieformalnego, struktur niestandardowych, emotikonów oraz hashtagów, jak również struktury i złożoności tweetów. Badanie wskazuje na niższy poziom formuliczności i większą indywidualizację interakcji na polskich profilach.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Tereszkiewicz

Abstrakt

The essay critically approaches the current state and directions of changes in the university education. We see the critical point in the unconditioned endorsement by the university of the market values of intense competitiveness of global economy and the cult of the pro-market education which is its inevitable result. We would like to argue that although the university must respect economic conditions and limitations, nevertheless we fear that the ongoing process of corporatization of the university with its management strategies such as cutting costs, scanning environments for competitive purposes, re-engineering highly competitive efficiency criteria for the staff will bring about a neglect of the humanist values rooted in intellectual and social sensibility and hence undermine the social mission of the university which, apart from professional skills and research, must cultivate intellectual pluralism by providing space for intelligent conversation, sharing critical views of the present state of things thus fostering social criticism and the spirit of responsible dissent.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tadeusz Sławek

Abstrakt

The subject of this article concerns the growing issue of implementing the concept of social responsibility in the activities of integrated energy entities. This work includes the performance of a budgetary analysis of the national leading company, in terms of expenses associated with corporate social responsibility (CSR). The article presents the analysis of source literature, as well as identifies stakeholder activities. The introduction includes an explanation of the concept of CSR, its global approach along with the justification for the need to implement the concept of CSR in the strategy of industry entities. The following were used, among others, to perform the research: elements of financial and non-financial reporting, i.e. reports of a vertically integrated energy company – Capital Group Polska Grupa Energetyczna SA, over the years 2013–2017. The data obtained from distributed sources were used. The company’s activities in social and environmental directions were identified, and the stakeholder groups of these initiatives were determined. The main purpose of this article was to estimate the level of expenditure associated with CSR in the context of the company’s general budget. The article emphasizes the role of the PGE Foundation as a recognizable point of company activity in the scope of CSR (the participation of individual group companies in financing the foundation was presented). The analysis of CSR expenditure included: the amount of taxes paid, costs of employee benefits and assets of the social services fund, and environmental costs.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Justyna Woźniak
Justyna Szewczak

Abstrakt

W niniejszym artykule spróbuję wskazać, czego uczą się korporacje od ruchów miejskich. W proponowanej analizie odwołam się do koncepcji rekuperacji i ducha kapitalizmu Luca Boltanskiego i Ève Chiapello. Ponadto przywołam pracę tych autorów, którzy analizowali powstanie i działalność ruchów miejskich w kontekście krytyki kapitalizmu i systemu neoliberalnego.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jan Śpiewak

Abstrakt

This paper discusses contemporary transformations in the way work is organised and the consequences for the stability of careers and biographies. It debates the widely held belief that organised and predictable life-course paths (including professional careers) have ceased to exist and that work itself has lost its stabilising quality. Biographical data collected among Polish employees of transnational corporations within the project “Poles in the World of Late Capitalism” proves that even though transnational corporations are widely criticised for propelling neoliberal tendencies in the global economy, they provide a means of protecting their employees against today’s uncertainty and occupational risk. Three empirical cases are presented to show how work in a transnational corporation may contribute to achieving and maintaining stability for persons who have had troublesome experiences of working in other sectors of the labour market.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marcin Gońda

Abstrakt

The paper presented intends to fill up a gap in surveying the Hotelling Rule by taking a company based, microeconomic approach based on analyses of annual reports. Using selected data three fundamental hyphothesis are tested:
1) growth rate of margins (“net margins” including a capital charge) per unit realized by mining companies must exceed a rate equal to their cost of capital,
2) output shall follow deviations from the Hotelling growth line,
3) margins shall follow a path set by individually defined expected rate of return.
The analysis was based on 5 leading gold producers, responsible for ca 15–20% of global primary production, all of them public and listed on a stock exchange for the entire period of 2004–2019/2020. As margin shall grow at a rate compensating individual risk of a company in consideration, they shall not be homogenous. At 1st step industry WACC was adopted to calculate a normalized capital charge. The calculations revealed no support for Hotelling Rule. There is no evidence that over a period of above 15 years margins follow any path determined by a growing expotential function, following a compound rate. Subsequently it was checked whether output volume is corrected due to development of actual versus expected (resulting from the Hotelling Rule) margin values. Selected companies were near indifferent to this parameter while taking decisions in area of volumes supplied. Neither there is no evidence of relation between changes in output and margins. Finally, it was checked whether differences between expected and actual margins’ growth paths could be described by a linear function, resulting from consequent adoption of a risk rate component. Here neither any evidence was found. In conclusion no support for the Hotelling rule was identified.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Robert Uberman
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Kraków, Poland
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Abstrakt

Corporate social responsibility policy is widely used by mining companies as a tool for reliable operation. However, the application of CSR activities does not ensure gaining social acceptance, which is crucial for undisrupted minerals extraction and project development. In this article, the authors review tools used by mining companies to implement and measure corporate social responsibility and examines the level of social acceptance for mining operations by conducting a survey among 78 members of the local community in Legnica–Głogów Copper Basin. The research is based on: 1. Existing methods of measuring Social License to Operate; 2. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method – proposed by the authors to verify its usefulness for defining factors that have an impact on the social acceptance for mining. The study, based on the case of one of the leading world’s copper producers, shows that despite the large financial outlays allocated to the development of the local community, mining companies struggle with achieving a full social license to operate. The hierarchization of factors influencing the perception of mining activity can help companies prioritize areas that require a deeper dialogue with the local community. The success of future extractive projects depends on proper recognition of local community attitudes towards mining. The findings show that the successful implementation of the CSR strategy should be preceded by a broad analysis of social conditions to meet the expectations of stakeholders.
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Bibliografia

1. Bernatt, M. 2009. Corporate Social Responsibility. Constitutional and International Perspective, Warszawa, Centre of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies, Management Faculty, University of Warsaw, 192. [Online] https://cars. wz.uw.edu.pl/images/publikacje/podreczniki/116/Bernatt_odpowiedzialnosc.pdf [Accessed: 2019-06-06]
2. Boutilier, R. 2017. A Measure Of The Social License To Operate For Infrastructure And Extractive Projects. [Online] http://socialicense.com/publications.html. [Accessed 2020-06-06].
3. Boutilier, R. and Thomson, I. 2011. Modelling and measuring the social license to operate: fruits of a dialogue between theory and practice. Social Licence, pp. 1–10.
4. Carroll, A.B. 2016. Carroll’s pyramid of CSR: taking another look. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility 1, 3.
5. Cooney, J. 2017. Reflections on the 20th anniversary of the term ‘social licence’. Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law 35, pp. 197–200.
6. Directive 2014/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 amending Directive 2013/34/EU as regards disclosure of non-financial and diversity information by certain large undertakings and groups Text with EEA relevance. Official Journal of the European Union, L 330/1.
7. Dodd, E.M. 1932. For Whom Are Corporate Managers Trustees? Harvard Law Review 45, pp. 1145–1163.
8. Friedman, M. 2007. The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits. [In:] Zimmerli, W.C., Holzinger, M. and Richter, K. (eds.) Corporate Ethics and Corporate Governance. Berlin: Heidelberg: Springer.
9. Harjoto, M.A. and Jo, H. 2011. Corporate governance and CSR nexus. Journal of Business Ethics 100, pp. 45–67.
10. Hitch, M. and Fidler, C.R. 2007. Impact and benefit agreements: A contentious issue for environmental and aboriginal justice. Environments Journal 35(2), pp. 45–69.
11. Hop, N. and Kudełko, J. 2013. Social responsibility of business as element of development policy of mining company ( Społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu jako element strategii rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa górniczego) [In:]. Dzieje górnictwa − element europejskiego dziedzictwa kultury 5, pp. 85–110 ( in Polish).
12. Jarosławska-Sobór, S. 2014. Responsible mine. Corporate social responsibility in the Polish Hungarian mining industry – a sociological study ( Odpowiedzialna kopalnia. Społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu w polskim górnictwie węgla kamiennego – studium socjologiczne). Uniwersytet Śląski, pp. 88–90 ( in Polish).
13. Jedynak, T. 2012. The effectiveness of the strategy of investment in socially responsible stocks – the case of Respect Index ( Efektywność strategii inwestycji w akcje spółek społecznie odpowiedzialnych na przykładzie Respect Index). Zeszyty Naukowe/Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne 12, pp. 161–172 ( in Polish).
14. Jendrośka, J. and Bar, M. 2005. Environmental protection law: textbook ( Prawo ochrony środowiska: podręcznik). Centrum Prawa Ekologicznego (in Polish).
15. Journal of Laws of 1980 No. 3, item 6, repealed. The Environmental Protection and Development Act of January 31, 1980.
16. Kwietniewska-Sobstyl, M. and Żelazna-Blicharz, A. 2014. Socially responsible human resource management: SA 8000 human rights-based workplace standards ( Odpowiedzialne społecznie zarządzanie zasobami ludzkimi: standard miejsca pracy na przykładzie normy SA 8000). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas. Zarządzanie 1, pp. 247–256 (in Polish).
17. KGHM Polska Miedź SA, Sustainable Report of KGHM Polska Miedź SA for 2018. [Online] https://kghm.com/ sites/kghm2014/files/kghm-sustainable-report-2018_0.pdf [Accessed: 2019-06-06].
18. KGHM CSR Report 2012 – KGHM Polska Miedź SA, Corporate Social Responsibility Report for 2012. [Online] https://kghm.com/sites/kghm2014/files/raport_csr_kghm_2012_web_0.pdf [Accessed: 11.01.2021]
19. KGHM CSR Strategy 2014 – KGHM Polska Miedź SA, KGHM’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Strategy for 2015–2020. [Online] https://kghm.com/sites/kghm2014/files/strategia_csr_final.pdf [Accesed : 11.01.2021]
20. Moffat, K. and Zhang, A. 2014. The paths to social licence to operate: An integrative model explaining community acceptance of mining. Resources Policy 39, pp. 61–70.
21. Ostręga, A. 2004. Management of mineral workings and areas after exploitation of carbonate minerals based on the example of Krzemionki Podgórskie in Cracow ( Sposoby zagospodarowania wyrobisk i terenów po eksploatacji złóż surowców węglanowych na przykładzie Krzemionek Podgórskich w Krakowie). PhD thesis. Kraków: AGH.
22. Prno, J. and Slocombe, S.D. 2012. Exploring the origins of ‘social license to operate’ in the mining sector: Perspectives from governance and sustainability theories. Resources Policy 37, pp. 346–357.
23. Respect Index 2019. [Online] http://respectindex.pl [Accessed: 2019-12-10].
24. Satty, T.L. 2001. Decision Making for Leaders: The Analytic Hierarchy Process for Decisions in a Complex World (New Edition), Vol. II AHP series. Pittsburgh PA: RWS Publication.
25. SAAS 2019 – Social Accountability Accreditation Services. [Online] http://www.saasaccreditation.org [Accessed: 2019-12-10].
26. Sheehy, B. 2015. Defining CSR: Problems and Solutions. Journal of Business Ethics 131, pp. 625–648.
27. Zhang, A. and Moffat, K. 2015. A balancing act: The role of benefits, impacts and confidence in governance in predicting acceptance of mining in Australia. Resources Policy 44, pp. 25–34.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Zuzanna Łacny
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Ostręga
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland

Abstrakt

The presented article touches upon corporate social responsibility, a topic of a current and interdisciplinary nature. The aim of the article was to examine the CSR knowledge of two groups of stakeholders and indicate the need to include issues related to sustainable social and environmental responsibility in the technical study program. The research conducted within this domain have been the first results obtained among the academic communities of a technical university and employees in Poland who are the representatives of a selected business group, i.e. the mining sector. The obtained results are the effect of combining scientific research with the business environment. The main part of the article constitutes a description, course and results of the applied research method, which is a survey carried out amongst the selected target groups. The authors’ intention was to list the results obtained in two contexts: environmental and social. The conclusions of these studies are of a utilitarian nature, following towards the need to consider issues concerning sustainable social and environmental responsibility in the program of technical studies (as obligatory subjects). The authors argue that the increase in knowledge will be accompanied by an increase in awareness among (future) industry employees and among the public. This may mean an increase in expectations towards enterprises, which will result in raising standards both when it comes to aspects related to the natural environment, working conditions, and social dialogue.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Katarzyna Pactwa
ORCID: ORCID
Justyna Woźniak

Abstrakt

The article reveals the peculiarities of the urban text in Isaac Babel’s Odessa Stories. The image of Odessa is analyzed as a poetological dominant of the cycle. The originality of the artistic image and the text of Odessa is considered as the relationship between the semantic setting in the social and cultural focus, the historical image of the city and its perception in the minds of townspeople. Thus, the author focuses on the space locus that serves as a marker of the Odessa text and identifies the city of Odessa (Moldavanka, Peresyp, Privoz), the images of the Odessa landscape in their symbolic interpretation and the image of Odessa man as closely related components of the artistic structure of the cycle and the Odessa text itself. Analysis of the stories distinguishes that the meaning‑forming and structure‑forming functions of the Odessa topoi are subordinated to a single goal – to create and typify the image of Odessa man. What is important is not the city itself as a socio‑cultural organism, but its perception in the urban consciousness. The key fact to reveal the specifics of the Odessa text and the Odessa consciousness is the idea of the decline – the collapse of the communal and tribal consciousness as the decline of the Odessa ethnos realized in the conflict of personal and social principles, the inverse comprehension of Rabelaisian corporality motif, the images of the sunset landscape and in the irony, which discredits as false both the gang life romance and the appearing concept of a new world. The city depicted by I. Babel on the threshold of the 1917 revolution is interpreted as a city at the decline of culture. The writer depicts the end or the decline of old Odessa through the end of Odessa man and the collapse of the Odessa ethnos. Thus, in I. Babel’s Odessa cycle, there is a transformation of the traditional image of sunny Odessa into the image of a city fallen into decline. The features of the image of Odessa man regarded as indications of the declining culture are determined in the article.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Анна Степанова
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Дніпро, Університет імені Альфреда Нобеля

Abstrakt

Industry 4.0 and the associated idea of society 4.0 pose specific challenges for the concept of sustainable development. These challenges relate, inter alia, to responsibility, in which the changes to date have overall entailed:

• a transition from ex post responsibility to ex ante responsibility (H. Jonas);

• a transition from individual responsibility to corporate social responsibility.

In the context of society 4.0 there is a need for shared responsibility. The problem of justice and therefore the implementation of sustainable development not only becomes an open problem, but also requires constant updating and specifi c optimisation.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Andrzej Kiepas

Abstrakt

For high speed downlinking of payload data from small satellites, a new 4×4 aperture coupled microstrip patch array antenna has been presented. The antenna is designed for the Ku band and a peak gain of 18.0 dBi is achieved within the impedance bandwidth from 11.75 GHz to 12.75 GHz. Wide bandwidth is achieved as the patch elements are excited through E-shaped slots having asymmetric side lengths and widths. Each square patch element of the array with truncated corners and appropriately placed slots generates right hand circularly polarized (RHCP) radiation with very high crosspolarization discrimination. A corporate feed network consisting of T-junctions and quarter-wave impedance transformers is developed to feed the array elements from a single coaxial port of 50 Ω. To improve the radiation from the patches and waveguiding in the feed network, two types of Rogers substrates with different dielectric constant and thickness are considered. Our proposed microstrip patch array antenna of size 7.8 cm × 6.4 cm × 0.3 cm can perform efficiently with a downlink data rate as high as 4.6 Gbps for small satellites.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Kajol Chandra Paul
1
Anis Ahmed
2

  1. Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
  2. Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstrakt

In March 2022, the European Commission presented its long-awaited legislative proposal on the EU-wide human rights and environmental due diligence (HREDD) for business. This article argues that the proposed Directive fails to be an effective and innovative legislation in three respects. Firstly, it does not draw lessons from the shortcomings of the to-date regulatory policy relating to business and human rights. It mainly consolidates at the EU level the status quo of extant due diligence legislation in Europe. Secondly, the proposal falls short of the established international standards and its own objectives insofar as it fails to establish instruments for effectively preventing and remedying human rights and environmental harm. Thirdly, the proposal’s normative preference for process- (rather than result-) oriented HREDD risks reducing it to yet another compliance instrument. Beside amending these shortcomings, to achieve a breakthrough, the upcoming legislation should in any case define HREDD as the legal standard of care; the compliance with which does not per se exclude civil liability. The general negotiation approach of the Council is not proposing much improvement in that regard. The stakes for the European Parliament’s possible role to raise the bar are thus very high.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Izabela Jędrzejowska-Schiffauer
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Szoszkiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joseph Wilde-Ramsing
2
Katharine Booth
3
ORCID: ORCID
Pauline Barraud de Lagerie
4
ORCID: ORCID
Beata Faracik
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Law and Administration, Adam Mickiewicz University
  2. Centre for Research on Multinational Enterprises (SOMO) in Amsterdam
  3. Centre for Research on Multinational Enterprises (SOMO) and Researcher/Policy Advisor at OECD Watch in Amsterdam
  4. PSL University
  5. BHR expert, Co-founder and President of the board of the Polish Institute of Human Rights and Business

Abstrakt

We consider the real-life problem of planning tasks for teams in a corporation, in conditions of some restrictions. The problem takes into account various constraints, such as for instance flexible working hours, common meeting periods, time set aside for self-learning, lunchtimes and periodic performance of tasks. Additionally, only a part of the team may participate in meetings, and each team member may have their own periodic tasks such as self-development. We propose an algorithm that is an extension of the algorithm dedicated for scheduling on parallel unrelated processors with the makespan criterion. Our approach assumes that each task can be defined by a subset of employees or an entire team. However, each worker is of a different efficiency, so task completion times may differ. Moreover, the tasks are prioritized. The problem is NP-hard. Numerical experiments cover benchmarks with 10 instances of 100 tasks assigned to a 5-person team. For all instances, various algorithms such as branch-and-bound, genetic and tabu search have been tested.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marek Bazan
1 2
Czesław Smutnicki
1
Maciej E. Marchwiany
2

  1. Wroclaw University of Scienceand Technology, Department of Computer Engineering, Wrocław, Poland
  2. JT Weston sp. z o.o. Warszawa, Poland

Abstrakt

The article is an answer to questions concerning values, goals and functions of the University in the era of globalization changes that enforce changes in the area of higher education. The author emphasizes the need for balanced development of science, humanities and social sciences as a condition for preserving research independence, as well as the importance of cooperation, both in research and in the „shaping of autonomous institutionalism” of the University (Roggero). The article provides an analysis of the commercialization process of research results, based on data from Polish and foreign studies, and indicates its various forms and social costs. This is a study of the University's condition in the face of the growing importance of transnational corporations, regulating not only the flow of capital, but also the distribution of scientific prestige and appropriating in a different way the effects of academic work. The metaphor of the university as a enterprise/knowledge factory visualizes the errors in perceiving the role that it should play. It proves that research and teaching is not the production and transmission of knowledge, but the creation and sharing of knowledge. In this dialogical process, the idea of a university understood as a community of educators and taught in pursuit of truth is achieved most fully, not for glory, for making profit or for gaining a competitive advantage.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Kamila Augustyn

Abstrakt

The study was conducted to assess and substantiate the key systemic problems of the national engineering of different countries in the context of economic globalization. To achieve this goal, the study used the author’s method to assess the dependence of mechanical engineering in Ukraine, Poland and Germany on imports of intermediate goods. According to the results, it was determined that in the periods of increasing economic globalization of mechanical engineering in Ukraine, Poland and Germany has undergone systemic destructive changes and is in a threatening state, from the standpoint of economic security. In particular, in Ukrainian and Polish mechanical engineering, the dependence on imports of high-tech intermediate goods is excessively high. In contrast, German engineering, unlike Ukraine’s and Poland’s, is less dependent on imports of high-tech products, but requires much more resource-intensive intermediate goods. It is analytically substantiated that the identified problems with the import dependence of mechanical engineering in Ukraine, Poland and Germany are the result of irrational, one-sided perception of economic globalization by the main economic entities of these countries.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Svitlana Ishchuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Lyubomyr Sozanskyy
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Problems of the Real Sector of the Regional Economy, Institute of Regional Research named after M.I. Dolishniy of the NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine

Abstrakt

Artykuł omawia trudne relacje pomiędzy polską i niemiecką radiofonią w okresie międzywojennym. Zaczęły się one od sporów o treści programów na Górnym Śląsku i przejęcia kontroli przez stronę niemiecką nad rozgłośnią w Gdańsku. Po dojściu Hitlera do władzy relacje te się poprawiły, a nawet wzajemnie retransmitowano programy. Ostatecznie niemiecka radiofonia odegrała podczas inwazji Wehrmachtu we wrześniu 1939 roku bardzo niechlubną rolę, w istotny sposób przyczyniając się do ubezwłasnowolnienia społeczeństwa polskiego.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Sebastian Fikus

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