Laser triangulation is one of the machine vision measurement methods most commonly used in 3D quality control. However, considering its susceptibility to interference, it cannot be used in certain areas of industrial production e.g. very shiny surfaces. Thus, for the improvement of its applicability, a predictive algorithm of light profile segmentation was designed, where - as a result of using a'priori knowledge - the method becomes resistant to secondary reflexes.

The developed technique has been tested on selected parts with surfaces typical for the machine-building industry. The evaluation has been presented based on the surface representation (mapping) error analysis, using the difference between the obtained cloud of points and the nominal surface as processing data, as well as scatter of the discrete Gauss curvature.

The process of railway track adjustment is a task which includes bringing, in geometrical terms, the actual track axis to the position ensuring safe and efficient traffic of rail vehicles. The initial calculation stage of this process is to determine approximately the limits of sections of different geometry, i.e. straight lines, arcs and transition curves. This allows to draw up a draft alignment design, which is subject to control the position relative to the current state. In practice, this type of a project rarely meets the requirements associated with the values of corrective alignments. Therefore, it becomes necessary to apply iterated correction of a solution in order to determine the final project, allowing to introduce minor corrections while maintaining the assumed parameters of the route. The degree of complexity of this process is defined by the quality of determining a preliminary draft alignment design. Delimitation of the sections for creation of creating such a design, is usually done by using the curvature diagram (InRail v8.7 Reference Guide [1], Jamka et al [2], Strach [3]), which is, however, sensitive to the misalignment of the track and measurement errors. In their paper Lenda and Strach [4] proposed a new method for creating curvature diagram, based on approximating spline function, theoretically allowing, inter alia, to reduce vulnerability to interference factors. In this study, the method to determine a preliminary draft alignment design for the track with severe overexploitation was used, and thus in the conditions adversely affecting the accuracy of the conducted readings. The results were compared to the ones obtained using classical curvature diagram. The obtained results indicate that the method allows to increase the readability of a curvature graph, which at considerable deregulation of a track takes an irregular shape, difficult to interpret. The method also favourably affects the accuracy of determining the initial parameters of the project, reducing the entire process of calculation.

Real-time monitoring of deformation of large structure parts is of great significance and the deformation

of such structure parts is often accompanied with the change of curvature. The curvature can be obtained

by measuring changes of strain, surface curve and modal displacement of the structure. However, many

factors are faced with difficulty in measurement and low sensitivity at a small deformation level. In order

to measure curvature in an effective way, a novel fibre Bragg grating (FBG) curvature sensor is proposed,

which aims at removing the deficiencies of traditional methods in low precision and narrow adjusting. The

sensor combines two FBGs with a specific structure of stainless steel elastomer. The elastomer can transfer

the strain of the structure part to the FBG and then the FBG measures the strain to obtain the curvature.

The performed simulation and experiment show that the sensor can effectively amplify the strain to the

FBG through the unique structure of the elastomer, and the accuracy of the sensor used in the experiment is

increased by 14% compared with that of the FBG used for direct measurement.

This article presents a comparison of the real amount of structural bending of a traditional residential building on curved mining ground with the bending results from an elastic model of the system: building + ground. Thanks to surveying measurements conducted during the exploitation front, the relationship between the curvature of the building and the curvature of the area in its direct vicinity was determined. The measurement work lasted one and a half years. Observation results collected in nature verify the deformation results of the modelled structure in the approach proposed by the guidelines for designing buildings in mining areas in Poland. Building Research Institute Instructions, Guidelines, Guidance 416 (2006) allows the adoption of an elastic model for the structure, and for the ground, it allows the adoption of linear elastic features characteristic of Winkler elastic ground. The main purpose of the work was to determine the overestimation of stress in the modelled building resulting from the use of a simplified, computational engineering approach.

The paper presents an analysis of the behaviour of bent reinforced concrete beams strengthened with CFRP laminates fixed with adhesive before and after unloading, and more importantly, an analysis of the work of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with pre-stressed CFRP laminates fixed with adhesive. The analyses were based on a moment-curvature model prepared by the author for reinforced concrete beams strengthened under load with pre-stressed CFRP laminates. The model was used to determine the effect of compression with CFRP laminates and their mechanical properties on the effectiveness of strengthening the reinforced concrete beams analysed in this study.