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Number of results: 261
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Abstract

The present study has been taken up to emphasize the role of the hybridization process for optimizing a given reinforced concrete (RC) frame. Although various primary techniques have been hybrid in the past with varying degree of success, the effect of hybridization of enhanced versions of standard optimization techniques has found little attention. The focus of the current study is to see if it is possible to maintain and carry the positive effects of enhanced versions of two different techniques while using their hybrid algorithms. For this purpose, enhanced versions of standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a standard gravitational search algorithm (GSA), were considered for optimizing an RC frame. The enhanced version of PSO involves its democratization by considering all good and bad experiences of the particles, whereas the enhanced version of the GSA is made self-adaptive by considering a specific range for certain parameters, like the gravitational constant and a set of agents with the best fitness values. The optimization process, being iterative in nature, has been coded in C++. The analysis and design procedure is based on the specifications of Indian codes. Two distinct advantages of enhanced versions of standard PSO and GSA, namely, better capability to escape from local optima and a faster convergence rate, have been tested for the hybrid algorithm. The entire formulation for optimal cost design of a frame includes the cost of beams and columns. The variables of each element of structural frame have been considered as continuous and rounded off appropriately to consider practical limitations. An example has also been considered to emphasize the validity of this optimum design procedure.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sonia Chutani
Jagbir Singh
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Abstract

The aim of this study is to find the cost design of RC tension with varying conditions using the Artificial Neural Network. Design constraints were used to cover all reliable design parameters, such as limiting cross sectional dimensions and; their reinforcement ratio and even the beahviour of optimally designed sections. The design of the RC tension members were made using Indian and European standard specifications which were discussed. The designed tension members according to both codes satisfy the strength and serviceability criteria. While no literature is available on the optimal design of RC tension members, the cross-sectional dimensions of the tension membersfor different grades of concrete and steel, and area of formwork are considered as the variables in the present optimum design model. A design example is explained and the results are presented. It is concluded that the proposed optimum design model yields rational, reliable, and practical designs.

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Authors and Affiliations

N. Karthiga Shenbagam
N. Arunachalam
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Abstract

U-turn lanes eliminate left turns at intersections and allow the manoeuvre to be made via median crossovers beyond the intersection. However, there are many situations where road infrastructures are characterized by the reduced width of the median. It is clear that, in such situations, we must adopt design criteria that take into account limitations imposed by the width of the cross-section of the road. This is the reason why it is necessary to adopt design solutions which expect a complete reorganization of the road section affected by the insertion of U-turns. In this paper, we intend to propose original guidelines for U-turn lane design, suitable to guarantee both the necessity to offer a high level of functionality of the road sections to be implemented by U-turns, and the principles of safety in order to reduce unsafe conditions during inversion manoeuvres as much as possible.

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Authors and Affiliations

N. Distefano
S. Leonardi
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Abstract

The article presents the ideas of flexible design in the construction sector. Flexibility in the construction sector was discussed and defined between typical and flexible approaches to design. The idea applied during the economic effectiveness analysis of construction projects was introduced. The issue of flexibility was discussed based on the example of construction of a sports facility - The National Stadium in Warsaw. An effectiveness analysis was applied for variant solutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Kośmieja
J. Pasławski
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Abstract

This paper addresses the tensile and flexural strength of HPC (high performance concrete). The aim of the paper is to analyse the efficiency of models proposed in different codes. In particular, three design procedures from: the ACI 318 [1], Eurocode 2 [2] and the Model Code 2010 [3] are considered. The associations between design tensile strength of concrete obtained from these three codes and compressive strength are compared with experimental results of tensile strength and flexural strength by statistical tools. Experimental results of tensile strength were obtained in the splitting test. Based on this comparison, conclusions are drawn according to the fit between the design methods and the test data. The comparison shows that tensile strength and flexural strength of HPC depend on more influential factors and not only compressive strength.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Kępniak
P. Woyciechowski
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Abstract

The cyclic modular approach is proposed for mechatronic object design. The approach is based on a new conceptual model of the object and a new algorithm of its design. The model consists of invariant and changeable parts. The parts have a hierarchical structure. The proposed algorithm allows for creating the object from the basis principle to the construction step by step. It makes it possible to design an adequate object in all forms of its representations: structure, schematic diagram, mathematical model and construction. Each of these forms has an invariant part, i.e. the structure of the functioning process of the object. Application of the proposed approach reduces the time needed for the object design.

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Authors and Affiliations

Oleksandr Uzunov
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Abstract

On the shift toward tender sensitivity – the role of relations, emotions, and empathy in design.

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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Rosińska
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Abstract

The preservation of historical documents is a task that requires a multidisciplinary team. Mechanical engineering can make valuable contributions. Historical documents made of paper have unique characteristics that must be considered for their preservation and exhibition. Specially designed encasements have emerged as a solution to meet these requirements. In the present research, a comparative design study was carried out. The study comprises identifying the main functions of the encasements. Subsequently, it is analyzed how the capsules that appear in the literature have solved these functions. With the information obtained, three new encasements were designed for historical documents in Mexico. From the results and design experiences, some insights and design principles were obtained; these can be universally applied.
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Bibliography


[1] Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Web page of INAH. 1 October 2020. [On line]. Available: https://www.inah.gob.mx/.
[2] G. d. México. Archivo General de la Nación. [On line]. Available: https://www.gob.mx/agn. [Last acces: 10 nov 2020].
[3] W.K. Wilson and B.W. Forshee. Preservation of documents by lamination. Washington: National Bureau of Standards, 1959.
[4] A. Bansal, V. Kumari, A. Kumar and M. Singh. Securing the future of information: digitisation and preservation of documents in e-format. DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology, 25(1):19–26, 2005.
[5] F. Zhao. On choosing the digital document’s file format for long-term preservation. In IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, pages 370–372, Xi’an, China, 27–27 May, 2011. doi: 10.1109/ICCSN.2011.6013850.
[6] E.F. Hansen. Protection of objects from environmental deterioration by reducing their exposure to oxygen. In: S. Maekawa, editor, Oxygen-Free Museum Cases, chapter 2, pages 7–16. The Getty Conservation Institute, 1998.
[7] N. Valentín. Preservation of historic materials by using inert gases for biodeterioration control. In S. Maekawa, editor, Oxygen-Free Museum Cases, chapter 3, pages 17–30. The Getty Conservation Institute, 1998.
[8] R.H. Allen, R.J. Fijol, S. Szykman and R.D. Sriram. Representing the charters of freedom in a design repository: A case of study. In Proceedings of DETC 2001 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, pages 593–599. Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 9-12 September, 2001. doi: 10.1115/DETC2001/CIE-21292.
[9] N. Stolow. Conservation and Exhibitions: Packing, Transport, Storage, and Environmental Considerations. Butterworth-Heinemann, London, 1987.
[10] N.Y. Iskander. Controlled-environment cases for the Royal Mummy Collection. In: S. Maekawa, editor, Oxygen-Free Museum Cases, chapter 5, pages 47–52. The Getty Conservation Institute, 1998.
[11] H. Kishan and S. Maekawa. Preservation of the original documents of the Constitution of India. In: S. Maekawa, editor, Oxygen-Free Museum Cases, chapter 6, pages 53–58. The Getty Conservation Institute, 1998.
[12] F.G. France and M. Toth. The Waldseemüller Map – A gift of Germany to the world. The Cartographic Journal, 50(3):286–292, 2013. doi: 10.1179/1743277413Y.0000000060.
[13] M.J. French and A.C. Ramirez-Reivich. Towards a comparative study of quarter-turn pneumatic valve actuators. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 210(6):543–552, 1996. doi: 10.1243/PIME_PROC_1996_210_153_02.
[14] G. Pahl, W. Beitz, J. Feldhusen and K.-H. Grote. Engineering Design. A Systematic Approach, 3rd edition. Springer, 2007.
[15] R.B. Stone and K.L.Wood. Development of a functional basis for design. Journal of Mechanical Design, 122(4):359–370, 2000. doi: 10.1115/1.1289637.
[16] B. Tyl, J. Legardeur, D. Millet, and F. Vallet. A comparative study of ideation mechanisms used in eco-innovation tools. Journal of Engineering Design, 25(10-12):325–345, 2014. doi: 10.1080/09544828.2014.992772.
[17] C.A. Mattson and A.E. Wood. Nine principles for design for the developing world as derived from the engineering literature. Journal of Mechanical Design, 135(12):121403, 2014. doi: 10.1115/1.4027984.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alejandro C. Ramirez-Reivich
1
Ma. Pilar Corona-Lira
1
Diego A. Zamora-Garcia
1
Anahí Velazquez-Silva
1
Vicente Borja
1

  1. School of Engineering, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract

This study aims to design a novel air cleaning facility which conforms to the current situation in China, and moreover can satisfy our demand on air purification under the condition of poor air quality, as well as discuss the development means of a prototype product. Air conditions in the operating room of a hospital were measured as the research subject of this study. First, a suitable turbulence model and boundary conditions were selected and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used to simulate indoor air distribution. The analysis and comparison of the simulation results suggested that increasing the area of air supply outlets and the number of return air inlets would not only increase the area of unidirectional flow region in main flow region, but also avoid an indoor vortex and turbulivity of the operating area. Based on the summary of heat and humidity management methods, the system operation mode and relevant parameter technologies as well as the characteristics of the thermal-humidity load of the operating room were analyzed and compiled. According to the load value and parameters of indoor design obtained after our calculations, the airflow distribution of purifying the air-conditioning system in a clean operating room was designed and checked. The research results suggested that the application of a secondary return air system in the summer could reduce energy consumption and be consistent with the concept of primary humidity control. This study analyzed the feasibility and energy conservation properties of cleaning air-conditioning technology in operating rooms, proposed some solutions to the problem, and performed a feasible simulation, which provides a reference for practical engineering.

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Authors and Affiliations

X.R. Ding
Y.Y. Cino
Y.Y. Chen
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Abstract

The paper analyses the influence of seasonal temperature variations on fatigue strength of flexible and semi-rigid pavement structures chosen for KR4 traffic flow category. The durability of pavement determined assuming a yearly equivalent temperature of 10˚C and assuming season-dependent equivalent temperatures was compared. Durability of pavement was determined with the use of Asphalt Institute Method and French Method. Finite Element Method was applied in order to obtain the strain and stress states by the means of ANSYS Mechanical software. Obtained results indicate a considerable drop in pavement durability if seasonal temperature variations are considered (up to 64% for flexible pavements and up to 80% for semi-rigid pavements). Durability obtained by the French Method presents lower dependence on the analysed aspect.

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Authors and Affiliations

B. Haponiuk
A. Zbiciak
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Abstract

The text attempts to show the forgotten beauty in architecture. It seems, that the “drawn” architecture can reveal more than the real — built one. The avant-garde of the early 20th century killed in art the need to strive for beauty. Novelty and contemporarily advertising form of architecture are becoming the most important. However, the problem of beauty seems to be still interesting in art. Architecture is slowly departing from the functionalist way of creating, yet it cannot return to the beauty, that once was so important. It is the drawn one, carrying the message of unreality, that makes it possible to return to the forgotten approach to creation. Architects’ drawings can bring back a visionary and idealistic message.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Kozłowski
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

This article will focus on an analytical framework as a research tool in design disciplines. Key problem for an analytical framework in landscape architecture is how to deal with the dynamics of landscape form, design and use in the design process.

We start with a short overview will be given of analytical frameworks. In the second part some generic principles of analytical frameworks will be applied in three case studies of 19th century public parks. The third part will focus on how results of such an analysis can be used for the future and how results of peopleenvironment studies can be part of that.

One of the conclusions is, that people-environment studies can play a role before, during and after the design process. In most cases results of people-environment studies cannot be applied directly but rather as part of an iterative process of research and design.

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Authors and Affiliations

Martin Van Den Toorn
Marina Bihunova
Iva Rechner Dika
Atilla Tóth
Nevena Vasiljevic
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Abstract

Designer drugs cause irreversible changes in the brain and put those who take them at an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. They can also affect one’s genetic material, says Prof. Krystyna Gołembiowska from the PAS Institute of Pharmacology.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Gołembiowska
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Abstract

This paper studies the influence of different cooling technologies on the power density of a traction machine for heavy-duty distribution transport. A prototype induction machine is built with a housing cooling jacket, potted end-windings, entire winding cooling, and shaft cooling. Electromagnetic finite element and thermal lumped-parameter models are parameterized and verified using test bench measurements. The influence of each thermal resistance along the heat paths is studied and discussed. The results are used for studying different cooling technologies. The results indicate an improvement of the continuous power density up to 108% using shaft cooling and up to 15.6% using entire winding cooling.
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Authors and Affiliations

Benedikt Groschup
1
ORCID: ORCID
Daniel Butterweck
1
Kay Hameyer
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Electrical Machines (IEM), RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstraße 4, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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Abstract

Structural design analyses of industrial dye mixing machines, concerning mixing impeller geometries, mixing performances, and power requirements aren't generally of scientific quality. Our aim is to propose a practical method for minimizing execution time, using parametric design. In this study, Visual Basic API codes are developed in order to model the impellers in SolidWorks software, and then flow analyses are conducted. Thus, velocity values and moment/torque values required for mixing operation are determined. This study is carried out for different shaft rotational speeds and different impeller diameters. Flow trajectories are obtained. After that, frequency analyses are conducted and natural frequency values are obtained. In the scope of this study, two different impeller types are investigated.

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Bibliography

[1] R.R. Hemrajani and G.B. Tatterson. Mechanically stirred vessels. In: E.L. Paul, V.A. Atemio-Obeng, S.M. Kresta, editors, Handbook of Industrial Mixing Science and Practice, chapter 6, pages 345–390. John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
[2] S.M. Kresta and D.S. Dickey. Flow patterns and mixing. In: E.L. Paul, A.W. Etchells III, S.M. Kresta, V.A. Atemio-Obeng, editors, Advances in industrial mixing: A companion to the handbook of industrial mixing, chapter 6b, pages 153–187. John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
[3] Mixing Equipment (Impeller Type). Equipment Testing Procedures Committee of the Americal Institute of Chemical Engineers. 3rd edition, New York: MixTech, 2001.
[4] T.M.M. Shahin. Feature-based design – an overview. Computer-Aided Design and Applications, 5(5):639–653, 2008. doi: 10.3722/cadaps.2008.639-653.
[5] Y. Shan and W. Zhang. Parametric design of straight bevel gears based on SolidWorks. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling, pages 591–594, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, 27–29 July, 2012. doi: 10.2991/iccasm.2012.150.
[6] Y. Bodein, B. Rose, and E. Caillaud. Explicit reference modeling methodology in parametric CAD system. Computers in Industry, 65(1):136–147, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.compind.2013.08.004.
[7] A.C. Lad and A.S. Rao. Design and drawing automation using SolidWorks application programming interface. International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology, 2(7):157–167, 2014.
[8] J.D. Camba, M. Contero, and P. Company. Parametric CAD modeling: An analysis of strategies for design reusability. Computer-Aided Design, 74:18–31, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.cad.2016.01.003.
[9] M.H. Vakili and M.N. Esfahany. CFD analysis of turbulence in a baffled stirred tank, a three-compartment model. Chemical Engineering Science, 64(2):351–362, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2008.10.037.
[10] H.C. Ayaz and Z. Kıral. On the parametric design and analysis of industrial dye mixing machines. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Engineering and Natural Science, pages 686–693, Budapest, Hungary, 3–7 May, 2017.
[11] J.Y. Lee and K. Kim. Geometric reasoning for knowledge-based parametric design using graph representation. Computer-Aided Design, 28(10):831–841, 1996. doi: 10.1016/0010-4485(96)00016-4.
[12] O.O. Akçalı. Parametric design of automotive ball joint using computer assisted 3D modelling. Master's Thesis, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey, 2015.
[13] C.R.B. Hernandez. Thinking parametric design: introducing parametric Gaudi. Design Studies, 27(3):309–324, 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.destud.2005.11.006.
[14] S. Myung and S. Han. Knowledge-based parametric design of mechanical products based on configuration design method. Expert Systems with Applications, 21(2):99–107, 2001. doi: 10.1016/S0957-4174(01)00030-6.
[15] B. Bettig and J. Shah. Derivation of a standard set of geometric constraints for parametric modeling and data exchange. Computer-Aided Design, 33(1):17–33, 2001. doi: 10.1016/S0010-4485(00)00058-0.
[16] J. Monedero. Parametric design: a review and some experiences. Automation in Construction, 9(4):369–377, 2000. doi: 10.1016/S0926-5805(99)00020-5.
[17] A. Titus and L.X. Bin. Secondary development of SolidWorks for standard components based on database. International Journal of Science and Research, 2(10):162–164, 2013.
[18] U. Farhan, S. O'Brien, and M.T. Rad. SolidWorks secondary development with Visual Basic 6 for an automated modular fixture assembly approach. International Journal of Engineering, 6(6):290–304, 2012.
[19] S.P. Prince, R.G. Ryan, and T. Mincer. Common API: using Visual Basic to communicate between engineering design and analytical software tools. In Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, 2005.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hatice Cansu Ayaz Ümütlü
1
Zeki Kıral
2

  1. Dokuz Eylül University, The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Tınaztepe-Buca/İzmir, Turkey
  2. Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tınaztepe-Buca/İzmir, Turkey
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Abstract

The study deals with stability and dynamic problems in bar structures using a probabilistic approach. Structural design parameters are defined as deterministic values and also as random variables, which are not correlated. The criterion of structural failure is expressed by the condition of non-exceeding the admissible load multiplier and condition of non-exceeding the admissible vertical displacement. The Hasofer-Lind index was used as a reliability measure. The primary research tool is the FORM method. In order to verify the correctness of the calculations Monte Carlo and Importance Sampling methods were used. The sensitivity of the reliability index to the random variables was defined. The limit state function is not an explicit function of random variables. This dependence was determined using a numerical procedure, e.g. the finite element methods. The paper aims to present the communication between the STAND reliability analysis program and the KRATA and MES3D external FE programs.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Dudzik
U. Radoń
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Abstract

This paper is dedicated to Voivodship Park of Culture and Recreation in Chorzów (Silesia Park) – one of the biggest of its kind in Poland and in Europe (ca. 600 ha of total area). Construction of the Park had begun in 1954 according to the design under the direction of prof. Władysław Niemirski. After many years it became an example of successful land remediation and re-naturalization of anthropogenic landscape. The whole facility though formally created in socrealism style, actually represents classical modernism’s features inspired probably by American parks with a rich recreation program.

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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz
Jan Łukaszkiewicz
Piotr Wiśniewski
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Abstract

Like other harbour cities in Europe, Lisbon has an axial development anchored in pre-existing confi gurations which dot from east, more industrial areas, to the west, a more monumental and urban type. The diversity of fabrics and the overlapping of various time layers become decoded through a functional specialization infrastructural line, which, from rural, becomes increasingly infrastructured as part of the on-going reinvention of the city of Lisbon.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sofia Morgado
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Abstract

Green spaces are an integral element of urban structures. They are not only a place of rest for their users, but also positively affect their well-being and health. The eff ect of these spaces, is the better, the smoother they create larger urban layout – stings of greenery. The introduction of urban greenery can and should be one of the basic elements of revitalization. Often, however, greenery is designed without multi-aspect analysis, enabling understanding of conditions and the use of existing potential in a given place. The use of computational design in conjunction with the use of generally available databases, such as numerical SRTM terrain models, publicly available OSM map database and EPW meteorological data, allows for the design of space in a more comprehensive way. These design methods allow better matching of the greenery design in a given area to specific architectural, urban and environmental conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lucyna Nyka
Jan Cudzik
Kacper Radziszewski
Dominik Sędzicki
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Abstract

The article presents measures related to intervention in the structure of the town, resulting from a crisis situation caused by a pandemic. This is an attempt to develop a recovery plan for the surroundings of the out- patient clinic in Wieliczka and a method of designing within a short space of time that address a wide range of problems, not only those resulting directly from the effects of the pandemic.
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Bibliography

CURA Connected Units for Respiratory Ailments (2020), [online] https://curapods.org/?utm_medium=website&utm_source=archdaily.com, (accessed: 01.07.2021).
Harrouk, Ch. (2020), Stefano Boeri Develops Concepts and Pavilions for the Italian Anti-Covid-19 Vaccination Campaign, [online] https://www.archdaily.com/953236/stefano-boeri-develops-concepts-and-pavilions-for-the-italian-anti-covid-19-vaccination-campaign, (accessed: 01.07.2021).
Komisja Europejska (2014), Wytyczne. Opracowanie i wdrożenie planu zrównoważonej mobilności miejskiej, Bruksela.
Nosal, K. (2016), ‘Zasady tworzenia planów mobilności dla obiektów i obszarów generujących duże potoki ruchu’, Transport Miejski i Regionalny, 2/2016.
Opracowanie autorskie (2021), „Badania studialne dotyczące możliwości lokalizacji parkingu oraz drogi dojazdowej dla przychodni przy ulicy Szpunara w Wieliczce” przeprowadzone w ramach umowy nr A-06/65/2021/P zawiązanej pomiędzy Gminą i Miastem Wieliczka a Politechniką Krakowską im. Tadeusza Kościuszki.
Pintos, P. (2020), Seoul City Architectural Ideas Competition: Preparing for the Post COVID-19 Era, [online] https://www.archdaily.com/949088/seoul-city-architectural-ideas-competition-preparing-for-the-post-covid-19-era (accessed: 01.07.2021).
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Kozień-Woźniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Żuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Eliza Owczarek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Gierbienis
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mikołaj Kusior
2
Aleksandra Faron
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture
  2. student, Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture
  3. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Abstract

The design of neonatal intensive care units (NICU) influences both patient safety and clinical outcomes as well as the acoustic conditions. In NICU exposure to sound pressure levels above the recommended can affect both neonates and healthcare staff.
This study aimed to evaluate the sound pressure levels and to assess noise perception of professionals in a NICU before and after structural modifications and layout redesign.
The measurements were performed with a sound level meter. A questionnaire was given to staff before and after the intervention. The opinion of healthcare staff regarding noise in NICU was better after the intervention, when compared with the responses previously given.
The results showed that noise levels were excessive in the NICU (before and after), exceeding the international recommendations, with the levels ranging between 46.6 dBA to 57.8 dBA before and 52.0 dBA to 54.0 dBA after intervention. Overall, there is a need for more research in order to verify the effectiveness of some actions and strategies to reduce the impact of noise in NICU.
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Bibliography

1. Ahamed M.F., Campbell D., Horan S., Rosen O. (2017), Noise reduction in the neonatal intensive care unit: a quality improvement initiative, American Journal of Medical Quality, 33(2): 177–184, doi: 10.1177/1062860617711563.
2. American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Environmental Health (1997), Noise: a hazard for the fetus and newborn, Pediatrics, 100(4): 724–727, doi: 10.1542/peds.100.4.724.
3. Basner M. et al. (2014), Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health, The Lancet, 383(9925): 1325– 1332, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61613-X.
4. Berglund B., Lindvall T., Schwela H.D. (1999), Guidelines for community noise, [in:] Guidelines for Community Noise, retrieved on July 22, 2017, from http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html.
5. Carvalhais C., da Silva M.V., Xavier A., Santos J. (2019), Good practices to reduce noise levels in the neonatal intensive care unit, [in:] Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, P.M. Arezes et al. [Eds], Vol. 202, pp. 297–302, Springer, Cham, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-14730-3_32.
6. Carvalhais C., Santos J., Vieira da Silva M., Xavier A. (2015), Is there sufficient training of healthcare staff on noise reduction in neonatal intensive care units? A pilot study from NeoNoise Project, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 78(13– 14): 897–903, doi: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1051204.
7. Carvalhais C., Silva M., Xavier A., Santos J. (2017), Newborns safety at neonatal intensive care units: are they exposed to excessive noise during routine health care procedures?, Global Environment Health and Safety, 1(1): 1–3.
8. Domanico R., Davis D.K., Coleman F., Davis B.O. (2011), Documenting the NICU design dilemma: comparative patient progress in open-ward and single family room units, Journal of Perinatology: Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association, 31(4): 281– 288, doi: 10.1038/jp.2010.120.
9. Gray L., Philbin M.K. (2000), Measuring sound in hospital nurseries, Journal of Perinatology, 20(8 Pt 2): S100–S104, doi: 10.1038/sj.jp.7200440.
10. Joshi R., Straaten H., van Mortel H., van de Long X., Andriessen P., van Pul C. (2018), Does the architectural layout of a NICU affect alarm pressure? A comparative clinical audit of a single-family room and an open bay area NICU using a retrospective study design, BMJ Open, 8(6): e022813, doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022813.
11. Kellam B., Bhatia J. (2008), Sound spectral analysis in the intensive care nursery: measuring highfrequency sound, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 23(4): 317–323, doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2007.09.009.
12. Kent W.T., Tan A.W., Clarke M.C., Bardell T. (2002), Excessive noise levels in the neonatal ICU: potential effects on auditory system development, The Journal of Otolaryngology, 31(6): 355–360, doi: 10.2310/7070.2002.34358.
13. Kol E., Aydin P., Dursun O. (2015), The effectiveness of environmental strategies on noise reduction in a pediatric intensive care unit: Creation of singlepatient bedrooms and reducing noise sources, Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 20(3); 210–217, doi: 10.1111/jspn.12116.
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Authors and Affiliations

Carlos Carvalhais
1 2
Célia Rodrigues
3
Ana Xavier
1
Manuela V. Silva
1
Joana Santos
1 4 5

  1. Scientific Area of Environmental Health, Health and Environment Research Center (CISA), School of Health of Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS P.Porto), Porto, Portugal
  2. Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  3. PROA/LABIOMEP, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
  4. Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aeronautics (INEGI/LAETA), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
  5. Center for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), School of Health of Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS P.Porto), Porto, Portugal
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Abstract

The paper deals with the design of equipment for verification and calibration of axle and crane weighing instruments. In its introduction, it discusses the basic concepts of axle and crane weighing instruments, their calibration, and verification. The paper briefly describes the original technical design solution used in the calibration and verification of these weighing instruments. Subsequently, the article describes the legislative, technical and functional requirements for metrological equipment being developed. The paper presents two design solutions for handling calibration weights. In both solutions, the construction and individual functional parts of the equipment are described. Both of these solutions were designed and tested in practical measurements in the Laboratory for Testing ofWeighing Instruments of the Slovak Legal Metrology n.o. Finally, the paper presents the results of the development of a new measuring system at the University of Žilina.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomas Gajdosik
1
Lubos Kucera
1
Igor Gajdac
1
Anton Fric
2
Jaromir Markovic
2

  1. University of Žilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Design and Mechanical Elements, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
  2. Slovak Legal Metrology, Hviezdoslavova 1124/31, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
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Abstract

In this paper, quanizted multisine inputs for a maneuver with simultaneous elevator, aileron and rudder deflections are presented. The inputs were designed for 9 quantization levels. A nonlinear aircraft model was exited with the designed inputs and its stability and control derivatives were identified. Time domain output error method with maximum likelihood principle and a linear aircraft model were used to perform parameter estimation. Visual match and relative standard deviations of the estimates were used to validate the results for each quantization level for clean signals and signals with measurement noise present in the data. The noise was included into both output and input signals. It was shown that it is possible to obtain accurate results when simultaneous flight controls deflections are quantized and noise is present in the data.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Lichota
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Abstract

The knowledge of performance characteristics of turbine stage groups is still insufficient, particularly in the general case of changes of operating conditions. This situation is caused mainly by the scarcity of experimental data available. In such case, the opportunity to obtain the required data, using mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of the operation of stage groups under off-design conditions instead of physical experiment, seems to be attractive. The application of this idea for impulse type turbine stage groups was presented in [I], [2]. Here we discuss similar results but obtained for reaction type turbine stage groups, that is: - mathematical model for computer simulation of operation of reaction type turbine stage group, under variable regime (based on Ainley's and Mathieson's method with some improvements); - simulation results for a number of stage groups designed according to former BBC and traditional concepts; - more general properties of these groups (in relation to flow capacity and efficiency) obtained from the analysis of simulation data; - comparison of observed properties of impulse and reaction typy turbine stage groups.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Miller
Janusz Lewandowski
Zofia Trzcińska
Kamal Ahmad Abed

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