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The Effect of the Length of the Drawing Die Sizing Portion on the Energy and Force Parameters of the Medium-Carbon Steel Wire Drawing Process

M. Suliga M. Jabłońska

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 4 | 1353-1359 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.130101

Keywords conical die wire drawing temperature drawing stress

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Abstract

The paper discusses a theoretical and an experimental analyses of steel wire drawing in conical drawing dies with a varying length of the die sizing portion. The theoretical analysis was performed in the Drawing 2D, where the wire temperature and drawing stress were determined. The theoretical study was verified by the measurement of drawing force under laboratory conditions and by industrial multi-stage drawing tests carried out under commercial conditions. A relationship has been shown to exist between die sizing portion length and wire temperature and drawing stress.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Suliga

M. Jabłońska

Beauty and the reality of architecture

Tomasz Kozłowski

Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddziału Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie | 2019 | vol. XLVII | 63-70 | DOI: 10.24425/tkuia.2019.131166

Keywords architecture art design drawing

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Abstract

The text attempts to show the forgotten beauty in architecture. It seems, that the “drawn” architecture can reveal more than the real — built one. The avant-garde of the early 20th century killed in art the need to strive for beauty. Novelty and contemporarily advertising form of architecture are becoming the most important. However, the problem of beauty seems to be still interesting in art. Architecture is slowly departing from the functionalist way of creating, yet it cannot return to the beauty, that once was so important. It is the drawn one, carrying the message of unreality, that makes it possible to return to the forgotten approach to creation. Architects’ drawings can bring back a visionary and idealistic message.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Kozłowski

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Drawings and Micrographs: Complementary Ways of Depicting the Biological World

Dominik Tomaszewski Marzenna Guzicka

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 4 (76) Images | 50-54 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.144682

Keywords drawing micrographs microscope imagery plants

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Abstract

How can the world of plants best be depicted? How do drawings differ from micrographs? Why is it that even the best quality photographs are no match for hand-drawn illustrations?

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Authors and Affiliations

Dominik Tomaszewski

1

Marzenna Guzicka

1

Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences in Kórnik

A Gravity Flow Model of Fragmented Rocks in Longitudinal Sublevel Caving of Inclined Medium-Thick Ore Bodies

Xiufeng Zhang Ganqiang Tao Zhonghua Zhu

Archives of Mining Sciences | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 3 | 533-546 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2019.129367

Keywords ore draw sublevel caving stochastic medium draw theory inclined medium-thick ore body draw body

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Abstract

The draw theory is the foundation for decreasing ore loss and dilution indices while extracting deposits from mines. Therefore, research on draw theory is of great significance to optimally guide the draw control and improve the economy efficiency of mines. The laboratory scaled physical draw experiments under inclined wall condition conducted showed that a new way was proposed to investigate the flow zone of granular materials. The flow zone was simply divided into two parts with respect to the demarcation point of the flow axis. Based on the stochastic medium draw theory, theoretical movement formulas were derived to define the gravity flow of fragmented rocks in these two parts. The ore body with 55° dip and 10 m width was taken as an example, the particle flow parameters were fitted, and the corresponding theoretical shape of the draw body was sketched based on the derived equation of draw-body shape. The comparison of experimental and theoretical shapes of the draw body confirmed that they coincided with each other; hence, the reliability of the derived equation of particle motion was validated.

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Authors and Affiliations

Xiufeng Zhang

Ganqiang Tao

Zhonghua Zhu

Influence of Annealing Treatment on Deep Drawing Behavior of Q235 Carbon Steel /410/304 Stainless Steels Three-Layer Composite Plate

Zehua Lv Zhixiong Zhang Jianchao Han Tao Wang

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 421-433 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137773

Keywords composite plate deep drawing annealing microstructure

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Abstract

Effect of annealing treatment on deep drawing behavior of hot-rolled Q235 carbon steel/410/304 stainless steel three-layer composite plate was investigated. Deep drawability of the unannealed composite plates exhibits a sharp difference for various contact surfaces with the die. The limit drawing ratio (LDR) of the composite plate with the carbon steel contacting the die is 1.75, while it is 1.83 with the stainless steel contacting the die due to the different mechanical responses to the tensile stress at the corner of the die. After annealing at 900°C for 2 h, however, the deep drawabilities of the composite plates both for various contact surfaces with the die are significantly improved and becomes almost identical, which are attributed to the stress relief, the enhanced ductility and the improved interface bonding strength of the hot-rolled component plates during annealing.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zehua Lv

1 2 3

Zhixiong Zhang

1 2 3

Jianchao Han

1 2 3

Tao Wang

1 2 3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Taiyuan University of Technology, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
Taiyuan University of Technology, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Metal Composites Forming Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
Taiyuan University of Technology, Tyut-Uow Joint Research Centre, Taiyuan 030024, PR China

Less Commonly Used Membrane Desalination Technologies

Brian Bolto Manh Hoang Thuy Tran

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2008 | vol. 34 | No 3 | 5-16

Keywords Membrane distillation forward osmosis desalination draw solutions solar energy

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Abstract

The literature on membrane distillation and forward osmosis for treating natural and recovered wastewaters is reviewed. There is renewed interest in these membrane technologies as alternatives to pressure driven processes such as reverse osmosis, which are expensive in both capital and energy, and generally require pre-treatment of the feed water. Membrane distillation with hydrophobic microfiltration membranes can make use of low-grade heat energy, and give higher yields of product water from concentrated feed waters. Forward osmosis uses hydrophilic membranes akin to reveres osmosis, and needs a draw solution that is appropriate in the product water. or must be recovered and reused in large-scale operation. Although they show great promise as simple low energy systems, no large-scale installation of either process exists as yet. Membrane distillation has considerable potential for desalination to produce drinking water, whereas FO is currently confined to small-scale systems, especially as a source of energy drinks in emergency situations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Brian Bolto

Manh Hoang

Thuy Tran

Research on Formability of 304 Stainless Steel Foil Micro-Deep Drawing

Yulin Xing Peisheng Han Xiaogang Wang

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1275-1282 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146192

Keywords 304 stainless steel micro deep drawing microstructure annealing treatment

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Abstract

The 0.05 mm-thick 304 stainless steel foil was annealed within the temperature range from 950℃-1100℃ for 10 minutes to obtain different microstructures. And micro-deep drawing experiments of stainless steel foils with different tissue structures were conducted to obtain relevant material forming properties influenced by dimensional effects. On this basis, the influence of the microstructure characteristics on the forming performance of 304 stainless steel foil and the quality of the cup formed by using micro-drawing was studied, and its mechanism was discussed. It can be seen from the results that the stainless steel foil annealed at 950℃ exhibits poor forming performance, and the wrinkle phenomenon of the deep-drawn cup is obvious. At the annealing temperature of 1050℃, the quality of the deep drawing cup is significantly improved. When the annealing temperature reaches 1100℃, with the increase of the annealing temperature, the crystal grains size increase sharply, and the coarse-grain effect causes the uneven plastic deformation effect to be obvious. Besides, the drawing quality is obviously deteriorated. The observation of the microstructure of the deep drawing cup shows that the forming effect of the drawing cup is poor due to the rolling defects and the coarse grain effect. The 304 stainless steel drawing cup annealed at 1050℃ enjoys the best forming effect.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yulin Xing

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Peisheng Han

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Xiaogang Wang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Device Design Theory and Technology (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Province-Ministry Co-Construct), Taiyuan 030024, China

Effect of History of Deformation and Heat Treatment on Cold Drawing Process Parameters and Final Properties of AISI 302 Stainless Steel Wire

Maciej Rumiński

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1633-1639 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146233

Keywords wire drawing stainless steel history of deformation mechanical properties hardness

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Abstract

The paper focuses on the investigation of AISI 302 steel wire of different initial diameters, in solutionized condition. Three different drawing schedules were realized, starting from three different diameters, where two smaller-gauge wires were obtained by drawing of large-diameter wire and applying solution heat treatment to the product. However, the drawing schedules were carried out with almost the same total reduction and similar partial reductions. The measurement of drawing force was performed for each drawing pass, and the samples of wire were taken after each pass. The samples were then tested to obtain a set of mechanical and technological properties, as well as the distribution of Vickers hardness on wire cross section. Finally, the effect of different history of deformation and heat treatment on drawing process stability and final properties of drawn wires was discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Rumiński

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

AGH University of Krakow , Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow , Poland

Modeling the hydrodynamic interactions between the river morphology and navigation channel operations

Neveen Abdel-Mageed Badawy Alaa Nabil El-Hazek Hossam Mohamed Elsersawy Ebtesam Rezk Mohammed

Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 51 | 1-10 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.139008

Keywords adaptive hydraulics (ADH) model draw down navigation channel the Nile River restricted waterway return flow shear stress

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Abstract

The Nile River is the main route for inland navigation in Egypt. The vessels navigating through inland waterways generate complex physical forces that need to be studied extensively. Quantifying the effects of vessels sailing along a waterway is a complex problem because the river flow is unsteady and the river bathymetry is irregular. This paper aims to investigate the hydrodynamic effects resulting from the movement of vessels such as return currents around the vessel, the draw down of the water surface, under keel clearance, and the shear stress induced by vessels operating in the Nile River. Modeling such effects has been performed by applied the two-dimensional ADH (adaptive hydraulics) model to a river reach for different navigation channel operation scenarios. The obtained results show that the draw down heights, the water fluctuation, and the shear stress magnitude are larger when the river cross sectionals are narrow and the shallow water depths. These river sections are considered more disposed to bed erosion and it is morphologically unsafe.
The section having the narrowest width and the lowest depth was associated with the largest drawdown percentages of 98.3% and 87.3% in one-way and two-way scenarios. While the section having the widest width and the largest depth was associated with the least drawdown percentages of 48.5% and 51.9% in one-way and two-way scenarios.
The section having the narrowest width and the lowest depth was associated with the largest fluctuations of 22.0 cm and 41.9 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios. While the section having the widest width and the largest depth was associated with the least fluctuations of 0.6 cm and 1.8 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios.
The section having the narrowest width and the lowest depth was the worst section for under keel clearance of 5.0 cm and 33.3 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios. While the section having the widest width and the largest depth was the best section, where its clearance values were 183.2 cm and 155.0 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios.
It is concluded that a numerical model is a valuable tool for predicting and quantifying the hydrodynamic effects of vessels moving through a two-dimensional flow field and can be used to evaluate different scenarios that are difficult to measure in the field or a physical model. Also, it provides visualization products that help us understand the complicated forces produced by vessels moving in a navigation channel.

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Bibliography

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BERGER C., LEE L. 2005. Modeling of vessel effects: the selection of adaption parameters for modeling vessels in ADH [online]. Technical note IX-15. Vicksburg. Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center pp. 8. [Access 10.07.2020]. Available at: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ ADA607401.pdf

DAS S.N., DAS S.K., KARIYA J.N. 2012. Simulation of return flow in restricted navigation channel for barge-tow movements. The Open Ocean Engineering Journal. Vol. 5(1) p. 34–46. DOI 10.2174/1874835X01205010034.

ELSAYED R., NEGM A., ALI K., GHALY S. 2019. Evaluation of the existing Nile River navigation path in the reach from Aswan City to Esna Barrage. The Egyptian International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Technology. Vol. 27 p. 1–11.

HAMMACK E.A., SMITH D. S., STOCKSTILL R.L. 2008. Modeling vessel- generated currents and bed shear stresses. Technical note; TR-08-7. Vicksburg. Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Engineer Re-search and Development Center. JICA 2003. Annual report 2003 [online]. Tokyo. Japan International Cooperation Agency. [Access 10.07.2020]. Available at: https://www.jica.go.jp/english/publications/reports/annual/2003/index.html

JONG DE M.P.C., ROELVINK D., REIJMERINK S.P., BREEDERVELD C. 2013. Numerical modelling of passing-ship effects in complex geomet-ries and on shallow water. In: Smart Rivers. Conference. Liege (BE), Maastricht (NL) 23–27.09.2013, Paper 95 p. 1–7. DOI 10.13140/RG.2.1.1776.3049.

MAYNORD S.T. 2003. Ship effects before and after deepening Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory of Sabine-Neches Waterway, Port Arthur, Texas. Technical note; TR-03-15. Vicksburg. Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center.

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POKREFKE T.J., JR., BERGER R.C., RHEE J.P., MAYNORD S.T. 2003. Tow- induced backwater and secondary channel sedimentation, Upper Mississippi River System. ENV Report 41. Vicksburg. Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center.

RACIONERO J.S. 2014. Modelling ship-generated sediment transport in the River Göta Älv [online]. MSc Thesis. Göteborg, Sweden. Chalmers University of Technology. [Access 10.07.2020]. Available at: https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/203326/203326.pdf

SAMUEL M.G. 2014. Limitations of navigation through Nubaria canal, Egypt. Journal of Advanced Research. Vol. 5. No. 2 p. 147–155. DOI 10.1016/j.jare.2013.01.006.

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VERHEIJ H. 2006. Hydraulic aspects of the Montgomery Canal restoration. Report Q3967. British Waterways, WL / Delft Hydraulics.

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Authors and Affiliations

Neveen Abdel-Mageed Badawy

1

Alaa Nabil El-Hazek

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hossam Mohamed Elsersawy

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ebtesam Rezk Mohammed

2

Benha University, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Department of Civil Engineering, Cairo, Egypt
National Water Research Center, Nile Research Institute, Fum Ismailiya Canal, P.O. Box 74, Shoubra El-Kheima, 13411, Egypt

State of Strain and Development of Microstructure of 22MnB5 Steel and Al-Si Coating During Deep Drawing of Automotive B Pillar

M. Paćko J. Krawczyk T. Śleboda T. Frocisz Maciej Rumiński O. Lypchanskyi T. Tokarski P. Piasecki

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 2 | 601-608 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.135897

Keywords B pillar 22MnB5 steel aluminide coating deep drawing hot stamping

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Abstract

The analysis of the development of the microstructure of deep drawn automotive B pillar, as well as the analysis of deformation based on numerical simulation and experiment, was performed. The microstructure of steel sheet as well as Al-Si coating after various stages of B pillar production was investigated. It was found that the obtained microstructure of the B pillar was significantly different from that described in many studies as a proper one. The microstructure of the investigated material consisted of martensite, bainite, and a small amount of ferrite. Al-Si coating, despite its morphological changes, remained on the surface of B pillar and, in spite of this, did not fully eliminate oxidation and decarburization of B pillar material. The analysis of the state of strain allowed to evaluate the deformation safety of the process, as well as to verify the simulation results through measurements of sheet thickness variations.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Paćko

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

J. Krawczyk

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

T. Śleboda

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

T. Frocisz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Maciej Rumiński

e-mail:

ORCID:

O. Lypchanskyi

1

T. Tokarski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

P. Piasecki

2

AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Kirchhoff Automotive, Mielec, Poland

Investigation of deformation behaviour of steel, aluminium and copper alloys during hydro-mechanical drawing

Binayak Nahak Anil Kumar Anshul Yadav Jerzy Winczek

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 69 | No 3 | 455-469 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2022.141516

Keywords hydro-mechanical drawing EN10130 copper C12200 aluminium 8011 deformation

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Abstract

The hydro-mechanical drawing combines conventional deep drawing and sheet hydroforming and is widely used in the automotive industry. In this study, we designed and fabricated an indigenous experimental set-up that is low cost, low weight and portable. This study investigated the deformation of sheet metals into hemispherical cup-shaped parts made of different materials, viz., aluminium 8011 alloys, copper C12200 and steel EN10130 alloys. The initial thickness of sheet metal was 0.4 mm, the most common thickness range used in automotive applications. The deformation behaviour in terms of dome height has been measured by varying the pressure of the fluids. Aluminium 8011 alloy sheets showed a maximum dome height of 11.46 mm at a pressure of 1.47 MPa with no rupture. Steel EN10130 sheets had a maximum dome height of 10.89 mm at a pressure of 9.31 MPa. It was concluded that the behaviours of materials are different in the hydro-mechanical drawing process than in mechanical tests. Copper C12200 sheet showed superior formability with a maximum dome height of 18.91 mm at a pressure of 7.06 MPa than other materials without fracture.

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Authors and Affiliations

Binayak Nahak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Anil Kumar

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Anshul Yadav

2

Jerzy Winczek

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj – 211004, India
Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur – 228118, India
Częstochowa University of Technology, Częstochowa, Poland

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The Effect of the Length of the Drawing Die Sizing Portion on the Energy and Force Parameters of the Medium-Carbon Steel Wire Drawing Process

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Beauty and the reality of architecture

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Drawings and Micrographs: Complementary Ways of Depicting the Biological World

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

A Gravity Flow Model of Fragmented Rocks in Longitudinal Sublevel Caving of Inclined Medium-Thick Ore Bodies

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Influence of Annealing Treatment on Deep Drawing Behavior of Q235 Carbon Steel /410/304 Stainless Steels Three-Layer Composite Plate

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Less Commonly Used Membrane Desalination Technologies

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Research on Formability of 304 Stainless Steel Foil Micro-Deep Drawing

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Effect of History of Deformation and Heat Treatment on Cold Drawing Process Parameters and Final Properties of AISI 302 Stainless Steel Wire

Abstract

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Modeling the hydrodynamic interactions between the river morphology and navigation channel operations

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State of Strain and Development of Microstructure of 22MnB5 Steel and Al-Si Coating During Deep Drawing of Automotive B Pillar

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Investigation of deformation behaviour of steel, aluminium and copper alloys during hydro-mechanical drawing

Abstract

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