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Abstract

Lower Carboniferous limestone has been extracted in the “Czatkowice” open-pit hill-slope quarry in southern Poland since 1947, for the needs of metallurgical and building industries, as well as farming. We can distinguish two aquifers in the Czatkowice area: the Quaternary porous aquifer and the Carboniferous fissure-porous one. Two vertical zones representing different hydrodynamic characteristics can be indentified in the Carboniferous formations. One is a weathering zone and the other one the zone of fissures and interbedding planes. Groundwater inflows into the quarry workings have been observed at the lowest mining level (+315 m above the sea level (asl)) for over 30 years. This study concerns two hypotheses of the sources of such inflows originating either from (a) the aeration zone or from (b) the saturation zone. Inflows into the quarry combine into one stream flowing gravitationally to the doline under the pile in the western part of the quarry. This situation does not cause a dewatering need. Extending eastward mining and lowering of the exploitation level lead to increased inflows.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Motyka
Kajetan d'Obyrn
Agata Kasprzak
Andrzej Szymkiewicz
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Abstract

In 2002 the study of the impact of coal mine methane leakage (in November 2000) due to the damage of underground gaspipe (63 PE) was undertaken. The properties of soils, plant cover conditions and the composition of groundwater on the area of allotment garden in Włocławek was studied. For the investigation soils were sampled from the following depths: 0-20, 20-40, 60-80 and 100-120 cm of 8 bore-holes; groundwater and plant material (thuja needles) from these sites were sampled, too. The present state of the soil environment was estimated on the base of indirect indices, which reflect two year impact of the excess of methane: the pH of soils, total sulphur contents, redox properties of soils and the activity of dehydrogenase. It was observed that methane leaking unsettled the dynamic equilibrium in gaseous phase of soil. The increase of methane content caused the reductive condition in soil and disturbed its microbial and enzymatic activities. The deficit of oxygen caused negative effect on thuja plants and their complete damage in extreme sites. The study showed also still high content of methane and tetrahydrothiophene in groundwater.
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Authors and Affiliations

Halina Dąbkowska-Naskręt
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Abstract

Oil derivatives are commonly used and they play a key role in the economy. They are used in many industries. Such big amounts of oil derivatives products generate vast quantity of pollution. Those pollutants can get into the ground and water beyond any control during catastrophes or due to inadequately managed waste and storage. The aim of the paper was to determine the level of oil derivatives pollution in the groundwater on the area of a former airbase, where between 1950 and 1990 the Soviet Army stationed. Analysis was carried out on groundwater samples from three piezometers placed on the area of the former airbase. In the samples some parameters were determined, i.e. temperature, reaction, electrolytic conductivity, the depth of groundwater surface, the content of aliphatic hydrocarbons, monoaromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Determined amount of dissolved hydrocarbons was large what proves unsatisfactory effectiveness of previous rehabilitation processes.

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Authors and Affiliations

C. Rosik-Dulewska
T. Ciesielczuk
M. Krysiński
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Abstract

Surface and groundwater resources are two important sources in meeting agricultural, urban, and industrial needs. Random supply of surface water resources has prevented these resources from being a reliable source of water supply at all times. Therefore, groundwater acts as insurance in case of water shortage, and maintaining the quality of these resources is very important. On the other hand, studying vulnerability and identifying areas prone to aquifer pollution seems necessary for the development and optimal management of these valuable resources. Identifying the vulnerabilities of the aquifer areas to pollution will lead to a greater focus on preserving those areas. Therefore, groundwater quality assessment was performed in this study using the groundwater quality index (GQI), and groundwater vulnerability to pollution was assessed using the DRASTIC index. GQI is developed based on the values of six quality parameters (Na +, Mg 2+, Ca 2+, SO 42–, Cl, and TDS). The DRASTIC index is developed based on the values of seven parameters (depth to the water table, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of vadose zone, hydraulic conductivity). The zoning of both indexes has been done using geographic information system (GIS) software. The results show that the GQI of the region was about 93, and its DRASTIC index was about 86. Therefore, the quality of aquifer groundwater is excellent, and its vulnerability to pollution is low.
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Authors and Affiliations

Siti Mardiana
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rabeya Anzum
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra
3
ORCID: ORCID
Ahmad Azhar Mansoor Al Sarraf
4
ORCID: ORCID
Anton Timoshin
5
ORCID: ORCID
Elena Sergushina
6
ORCID: ORCID
Iskandar Muda
7
ORCID: ORCID
Natalia Zhilnikova
8
ORCID: ORCID
Yasser Fakri Mustafa
9
ORCID: ORCID
Evgeny Tikhomirov
10
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universitas Medan Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Medan, 20223, North Sumatera, Indonesia
  2. International Islamic University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  3. Udayana University, Faculty of Engineering, Bali, Indonesia
  4. Sawah University, College of Health and Medical Technology, Department of Medical Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Al-Muthanna, Samawa, Iraq
  5. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases, Russia
  6. National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Russia
  7. Universitas Sumatera Utara, Faculty Economic and Business, Department of Doctoral Program, Medan, Indonesia
  8. Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation (SUAI), Institute of Fundamental Training and Technological Innovations, Russia
  9. University of Mosul, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Iraq
  10. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Department of Economics and Management, Russia
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Abstract

The Henaya Irrigated Perimeter (HIP) is an agricultural area irrigated by treated wastewater (TWW) of Ain El Hout treatment plant. Various analyses have shown that i) this water has low concentration of heavy metals and toxic elements, ii) the average values of the physicochemical parameters for 136 samples are satisfactory (29.2 mg O2∙dm–3 for chemical oxygen demands – COD, 13.14 mg O2∙dm–3 for biological oxygen demands – BOD, 14.2 mg∙dm–3 of suspended matter – SM, 1.82 mg∙dm–3 of N-NO3, 7.7 for pH and 927.74 μS∙cm–1 for electric conductivity – EC). Thirdly, it contains a high number of bacteria and nematodes (7200 CFU∙(100 dm3)–1 for faecal coliforms and 30 eggs∙dm–3 for intestinal Nematodes) which makes it dangerous for groundwater contamination. The objective in this work is to characterize the TWW and evaluate the impact of it use for irrigation on the quality of Hennaya groundwater. Before this, one has to prove that there is an amount of TWW that feeds the water table to show that there is a risk of pollution. We then estimated the aquifer minimum recharge value by TWW using the Thormthwaite meth-od. The estimation has given 92 mm which is an important quantity. The results of the groundwater microbiological anal-yses reveal no sign of contamination. The cause is the efficiency of the degradation of pollutants of the Vadose zone. The soil purifying power Md of the HIP was evaluated by the Rehse method and gave values ranging from 2.1 to 12.7 which indicated a complete purification.

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Authors and Affiliations

Abdelkader Bemmoussat
Mohammed Adjim
Fouzia Bensaoula
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Abstract

The study of groundwaters was carried out in two different forest ecosystems of Słowiński National

Park: Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis and Empetro nigri-Pinetum in the period of 2002-2005. Differences were found in the position of the groundwater table and in the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus

compounds in the investigated forest associations. In the Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis association

the groundwater table was found on average at a depth of -73.3 cm, while in Empetro nigri-Pinetum at -90.2

cm. No statistically significant effect of precipitation on the position of the groundwater table was found in

this study. Statistical calculations (U Mann-Whitney test) for groundwaters in the analyzed forest associations

showed statistically significant differences in the dynamics of concentrations of total nitrogen (T-N), organic

nitrogen (Norg.), nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3

), total phosphorus (T-P), organic phosphorus (Porg.) and the level of

groundwaters.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Parzych
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Abstract

Groundwater is a very important natural resource to support the activities of the residents of Pakis District, Malang Regency. On the other hand, increased activity puts pressure on groundwater quality. Agricultural intensification, urbanisation, and industrialisation can be sources of pollutants. Hydrological factors, topography, lithology, and surrounding rainfall are triggers for contamination of groundwater. The main objective of this research is to determine the characteristics, quality of groundwater, and its susceptibility to pollution. To complete this research, geoelectric measurements were carried out at 43 points spread throughout the study area and sampling of 18 shallow wells in agricultural, residential, and industrial areas for chemical analysis. All data obtained were analysed to create a map of the spatial distribution of groundwater vulnerability. The results show that the groundwater in the study location is in the transition zone and flows through the volcanic rock layers. The level of groundwater pollution is in the uncontaminated status to heavily polluted with pollutants in the form of heavy metal manganese and Escherichia coli bacteria. The spatial distribution of groundwater intrinsic vulnerability shows low, moderate, and high levels of vulnerability, respectively 32.99%, 60.87%, and 6.14% of the research area. Groundwater specific vulnerability associated with land use factors shows that 26.25% are negligible, 42.46% are low, and 31.29% are moderate. From this it can be concluded that the study area has been polluted both geogenically and anthropogenically, therefore, special actions must be taken to restore the quality of groundwater.
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Bibliography

ALLER L., BENNET T., LEHER J.H., PETTY R.J., HACKETT G. 1987. DRASTIC: A standardized system for evaluating ground water pollution potential using hydrogeological settings. (EPA600/2-87-035). Ada, OK. US EPA pp. 622.
ALLEY W.M., REILLY T.E., FRANKE O.L. 1999. Sustainability of ground- water resources. Denver, CO. U.S. Geological Survey. ISBN 0-607 -93040-3 pp. 79.
ARAUZO M. 2017. Vulnerability of groundwater resources to nitrate pollution: A simple and effective procedure for delimiting nitrate vulnerable zones. Science of The Total Environment. Vol. 575 p. 799–812. DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.139.
BISRI M. 2012. Air Tanah: Studi Tentang Pendugaan Air Tanah, Sumur Air Tanah dan Upaya Dalam Konservasi Air Tanah [Study on estimating groundwater, groundwater wells and efforts in groundwater conservation]. Malang. UB Press. ISBN 978-602- 203-201-4 pp. 124.
BISWAS A.K., TORTAJADA C., IZQUIERDO R. (eds.) 2009. Water manage-ment in 2020 and beyond. Ser. Water Resources Development and Management. Berlin. Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-10041-3 pp. 16+268.
DEVNITA R. 2012. Melanic and fulvic andisols in volcanic soils derived from some volcanoes in West Java. Indonesian Journal of Geology. Vol. 7(4) p. 227–240. DOI 10.17014/ijog.v7i4.149.
FOSTER S., HIRATA R., GOMES D., D’ELIA M., PARIS M. 2007. Groundwater quality protection. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C. The World Bank. ISBN 0-8213-4951-1 pp. 103.
GOGU R., DASSARGUES A. 2000. Current trends and future challenges in groundwater vulnerability assessment using overlay and index methods. Environmental Geology. Vol. 39 p. 549–559. DOI 10.1007/s002540050466.
IMAN M.I., RIAWAN E., SETIAWAN B., ABDURAHMAN O. 2017. Air tanah untuk adaptasi perubahan iklim di Malang, Jawa Timur: Penilaian risiko penurunan ketersediaan air [Groundwater for climate change adaptation in Malang, East Java: Risk assessment of decreased water availability]. Indonesian Journal of Geology and Mining. Vol. 27(1) p. 47–46. DOI 10.14203/risetgeotam2017.v27.438.
Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup nomor: 115 tahun 2003 tentang pedoman penentuan status mutu air [Decree of the State Minister of the Environment number: 115 of 2003 regarding guidelines for determining the status of water quality] [online]. [Access at 10.12.2020]. Available at: https://indok3ll.com/kepu-tusan-menteri-negara-lingkungan-hidup-nomor-115-tahun-2003/
MACHIWAL D., JHA M.K., SINGH V.P., MOHAN C. 2018. Assessment and mapping of groundwater vulnerability to pollution: Current status and challenges. Earth Science Reviews. Vol. 185 p. 901– 927. DOI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.08.009.
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. 492/menkes/per/ iv/2010 tentang persyaratan kualitas air minum [Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 492/ menkes/per/iv/2010 regarding drinking water quality require-ments] [online]. [Access 29.11.2020]. Available at: https://indok3ll.com/peraturan-menteri-kesehatan-republik-indonesia- nomor-492-menkes-per-iv-2010-tentang-persyaratan-kualitas-air-minum/
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Authors and Affiliations

Prasetyo Rubiantoro
1
Mohammad Bisri
1
Aminudin Afandhi
1

  1. Universitas Brawijaya, Postgraduate Program, Jalan Veteran, Malang 65142, Indonesia
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to compare the physical-chemical quality parameters of shallow groundwater quality in peat bogs of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District in the context of the occurrence of selected boreal species of plant relics: dwarfbirch (Betula humilis Schrank), downy willow (Salix lapponum L. ) and swamp willow (Salix myrtylloides L. ). Analyzes of shallow groundwater quality parameters included physical-chemical parameters: reaction (pH), electrolytic conductivity(EC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4), nitrite nitrogen (NO2), nitrate nitrogen (NO3), total phosphorus (TP), phosphate (PO4), sulfate (SO2), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and mag-nesium (Mg) by certified laboratory tests.

It was found that the natural hydrochemical specification of peat bogs is characterized by fluctuations associated with the dynamics of internal metabolism of peat ecosystems without the visible impact of anthropopressure. This is confirmed by the concentration of nutrients: TNat the study sites were within a broad range of mean values: 16.92–45.31 mg·dm–3; NH4 (0.55–0.76 mg·dm–3); NO2 (0.06–4.33 mg·dm–3); and NO3 did not exceed 0.2 mg·dm–3, and concentration of TP adopted mean values in a range of 0.22–0.42 mg·dm–3.

The studied physical-chemical factors of shallow groundwater were within the habitat preferences of the studied species, but in differentiated qualitative and quantitative ways determined optimal conditions for building the population of the studied species. Particularly values of TP lower than other obtained values in a range of: 0.08–0.32 mg·dm–3; PO4 = 0.1 mg·dm–3; TN = 2.2–21.2 mg·dm–3; NH4 = 0.1–0.46 mg·dm–3; DOC = 24.6–55.9 mg·dm–3, as well as higher than average pH values in a range of: 5.34–5.95 and concentration of Ca = 5.67–28.1 mg·dm–3 and Mg = 0.56–2.41 mg·dm–3, as well as EC = 72.1–142.3 μS·cm–1 can be treated as a condition favouring proper development of the population of dwarf birch. For Salix lapponum: a reduced level of values of nitrogen fractions (TN = 3.01–18.84 mg·dm–3; NH4 = 0.1–0.41 mg·dm–3), a reduced level of values of phosphorus fractions (TP = 0.09–0.44 mg·dm–3; PO4 = 0.1–0.44 mg·dm–3), part of ions (Ca = 4.39–19.63 mg·dm–3; Mg = 0.77–3.37 mg·dm–3), pH = 5.9–6.4, EC = 124–266 μS·cm–1 and DOC = 24.1–57.5 mg·dm–3. For the equally studied Salix myrtylloides, such conditions were met by: TP = 0.1–0.41 mg·dm–3; PO4 = 0.1–0.18 mg·dm–3, DOC = 27.5–50.9 mg·dm–3, pH = 5.3–5.94 andEC = 62.2–139.3 μS·cm–1.

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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Serafin
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena Pogorzelec
Urszula Bronowicka-Mielniczuk
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The impact of changes in regional development along with the construction of Yogyakarta International Airport in Kulon Progo Regency may affect land use changes as the activities of the surrounding population. Galur– Lendah area, which is located near the city of Yogyakarta and acts as the entrance to Kulon Progo, will also develop. Along with these developments, the determination of the groundwater recharge–discharge area is needed to ensure the availability of groundwater at this site. The purpose of this study was to determine the zonation of groundwater recharge–discharge areas to support the availability of groundwater. The method of research is a spatial analysis using a geographic information system (GIS) based on ratings and weighting values for six parameters, including slope, rainfall, groundwater table depth, soil type, rock permeability, and land use. The field hydrogeological was also conducted to find out rock permeability and groundwater quality (pH, EC, TDS). The results showed that areas with potential for groundwater recharge were in the central and northeastern parts of the study area and the discharge zones in the north and south were with potential infiltration values of 26–43 and 44–59, respectively. However, the recharge area can still function as a discharge zone.
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Authors and Affiliations

T. Listyani R.A.
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ignatius A. Prabowo
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wayan Suparta
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institut Teknologi Nasional Yogyakarta (ITNY), Caturtunggal, Depok, Sleman, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Abstract

The aquifer system of the Remila plain (Khenchela, Algeria), covering 250 km2, is one of the semiarid regions where groundwater is heavily exploited for urban supply and irrigation. An integrated hydrochemical and statistical analysis was performed on 70 water samples to identify the main processes and the origin of salinisation of our waters. Chemical analyses indicate salinity values (TDS) ranging from 568 to 1586 mg·dm–3 with an average of 869 mg·dm–3, with sulphate being the dominant ions, especially in the north and northeastern parts of the region. The identified chemical facies are SO4-Cl-Ca in the northeastern part, SO4-Cl-Ca-Mg present in most waters, and HCO3- Ca-Mg in the southeastern part.
We applied the statistical approach to group the waters into three categories using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA); 1) saline waters (23%) (TDS > 1000 mg·dm–3 and SO42– dominance), 2) moderately saline waters (51%) with HCO3– dominance, 3) moderately saline waters (26%) with a mixed facies. The binary ion diagrams used suggest that the main hydrochemical processes are: evaporites dissolution and/or precipitation, accompanied by an exchange and/or reverse exchange of ions. Additionally, another process was detected in the northeastern part of the area; the saline intrusion of Sabkha waters, favoured by intensive aquifer exploitation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Laiche Aouidane
1
Mohamed Belhamra
2
Asma Kheddouma
3

  1. University of Abbes Laghrour Khenchela, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Route de Batna; Boîte Postale 1252 Khenchela, 40004 Khenchela, Algeria
  2. University of Mohamed Khider, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biskra, Algeria
  3. University of Abbes Laghrour Khenchela, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Algeria
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Abstract

In the Canary Islands, groundwater is the main source of drinking water. Groundwater mines have been the system used by the engineers of the archipelago to collect water from the ground. The Canary Islands are volcanic with soils characterized by being rich in uranium, the disintegration of which gives rise to radon gas. In this study, radon gas levels in the mines on two islands of the archipelago have been measured to study exposure to this gas in the galleries. Results show values much higher than the European regulatory limit concentrations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Juan C. Santamarta
Luis Enrique Hernández Gutiérrez
Jesica Rodríguez Martín
Lina Pérez
Rafael J. Lario Bascones
Ángel Morales González Moro
Noelia Cruz Pérez
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of industrial waste landfill on the release of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the environment with reference to water flow directions. 10 study plots were designated around the landfill site. Soil samples were taken from different soil layers. Plants: Solidago canadensis (leaves, stem), Quercus L. (leaves), and Poaceae were tested on PCBs contents. Groundwater samples were taken from piezometers. PCBs in the samples were determined by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC / ECD).The highest accumulation of PCBs congeners was observed in the topsoil layers and decreased with the sampling depth. The dominant PCBs congeners in soil were PCB 28 and PCB 138, in plants PCB 28 and PCB 52. The most significant PCBs accumulation in the topsoil layer occurred in the research area on which the largest amount of waste was deposited and was equal to 14.2 ng/g. The largest sum of determined PCBs congeners was found in Solidago canadensis leaves – 3.26 ng/g and Quercus L. leaves – 3.32 ng/g. PCB 28 and PCB 52 were capable of translocation from soil to plants. It was found that the water flow direction did not affect PCB content in soils
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Gabryszewska
1
Barbara Gworek
1

  1. Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Poland
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Abstract

This study focuses on mapping the groundwater’s vulnerability to pollution in the region of Ouargla, located in the North-East of the northern Sahara, exposed to potential risks of alteration. By applying the methods (GOD, DRASTIC, and SINTACS), coupled with a Geographic Information System (GIS), we were able to identify a medium to high vulnerability trend. In light of the results recorded, the DRASTIC and SINTACS methods prove to be more suitable for our study region. This makes it possible to highlight the recharge zones and land use as being the most vulnerable in the territory studied. The GOD method presents a strong vulnerability trend over 77.02% of the study area. Such a result is directly related to the depth of the water table. It can therefore be argued that this method is far from being representative of the reality on the ground because of these very heterogeneous characteristics.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rabia Slimani
1
Messaouda Charikh
1 2
Mohammad Aljaradin
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of desert environments, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Kasdi Marbah University, Ouargla, Algeria
  2. Ouargla Higher Normal School, Algeria
  3. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, UAE
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Abstract

Many of already existing roads cross wetland river valleys. Also the roads nowadays planned are cutting through valuable wetlands. It is necessary to evaluate the range of their impact on the natural environment. This paper focuses only on the analysis of the road crossing impact on the groundwater level. Two options of crossing the wetlands were analyzed, building the road on embankments and in the bridge. It was assumed that the valley is filled with organic material under laid by permeable sands. Calculation results showed that building a road in the valley affects groundwater level only to the slight extend. Water conditions in the valley may be affected only during the construction of the road. Calculation results were confirmed by field observations.

It should be stressed that the object of this paper is the evaluation of water conditions. Environment might be influenced by other factors.

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Authors and Affiliations

Waldemar Mioduszewski
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Abstract

In the projects of protection of soil-water environment there is a need to combine and process large amount of information from various disciplines to estimate parameters of phenomena and to determine the range and time table of necessary undertakings.

Due to complex assessment of processes taking place in aquifers, mathematical modeling is the best tool supporting evaluation off pollution in the ground water environment. It is also an effective method of forecasting the risk associated with the harmful impact of objects polluting grounds and grounds waters.

Significant application of mathematical modeling is the use for the enlargement of information gathered in the process of recognition and assessment of condition that prevail in soil-water environment. Results of modeling, if appropriately presented, could be an important element of decision support system in environmental management.

This paper describes procedures for developing an environmental remediation decision support system by linking CADD and GIS software with the hydro geological flow and transport models.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Ślesicki
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Abstract

The present study aimed to assess groundwater quality according to the water quality index (WQI) in Ali Al- Gharbi district of the Maysan Governorate in eastern Iraq. For this purpose, 10 physical parameters such as pH, total hardness ( TH), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), sulphate (SO42–), chloride (Cl–), nitrate (NO3–), and total dissolved solids ( TDSs) were examined since 2019 from 16 different locations (viz. wells). The analysis results indicated that 18.75% of the water samples were of good quality, 56.25% of them had low quality, and 25% of such samples were very poor. The WQI also varied from 69.67 and 297.6. Therefore, prior to water use, there is a dire need for some treatments, as protecting this district from pollution is significant.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sarteel Hamid Enad Al-Shammary
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sattar Obaid Maiws Al-Mayyahi
1

  1. Wasit University, College of Science, Department of Geology, Al-Kut city, Wasit Province, Iraq
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Abstract

The rainfall irregularity in the Al-Hoceima area places the Ghis-Nekor coastal aquifer as a primary resource for water supply. However, it is of paramount priority to adopt management and optimization plans that can mitigate the effects of the irrational use of the resource and the deterioration of its quality in the region of our study. In order to study the alteration aspects of this aquifer, 26 wells were sampled and their suitability for irrigation was assessed. The sodium adsorption rate (SAR) values indicate that most groundwater samples fall into the risk classes of high salinity and low sodium (C3-S1) and high salinity and medium sodium (C3-S2). The results also show a medium to high alkalinity risk due to the high concentration of HCO3–. The excess of salts is largely due to the intensive exploitation of groundwater and to the phenomenon of salt-water intrusion into the coastal karst aquifer. As a result, the quality of groundwater is not adapted to sustainable agricultural production and soil balance, which requires controlled monitoring to ensure its rational use with a view to the sustainable development of the region.
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Authors and Affiliations

Said Benyoussef
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Mourad Arabi
3
ORCID: ORCID
Hossain El Ouarghi
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohammad Ghalit
4
ORCID: ORCID
Yassine El Yousfi
2
ORCID: ORCID
Maryam Azirar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ali Ait Boughrous
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Moulay Ismaïl, Faculty of Science and Technology Errachidia, Department of Biology, Research team: Biology, Environment and Health, Meknes, Morocco
  2. Abdelmalek Essaadi University, National School of Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Sciences, Al Hoceima, Morocco
  3. Mohamed First University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Laboratory of the Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology, and Environment, P.B. 717, Oujda, Morocco
  4. Mohammed Premier University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Mineral and Analytical Solid Chemistry, Oujda, Morocco
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Abstract

Accurate estimation of soil permeability is crucial in many geotechnical applications. Empirical and theoretical equations based on soil particle size distribution (PSD) offer a fast and cheap way for preliminary estimation of permeability in granular soils, however the results obtained from various formulas available in the literature often show significant discrepancies. While several comparative studies on this topic have been published, no definite conclusions can be drawn on the performance of the predictive equations in comparison with in-situ permeability measurements. Many formulas require porosity or void ratio as input parameter, which is difficult to obtain for granular soil in-situ. In this study we applied 30 predictive equations to estimate permeability of sandy soil in an outwash plain deposit. The equations were divided into 5 groups, based on their structure and the required input parameters. Empirical formulas were used to estimate the expected in-situ porosity range. The obtained permeability values were compared to the results of in-situ permeameter measurements and pumping tests. Significant differences in the results and in their sensitivity to porosity were found between the 5 groups of methods. In general, simple equations which do not include porosity were in better agreement with measurements than the other groups.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wioletta Gorczewska-Langner
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Gumuła-Kawecka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Beata Jaworska-Szulc
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo
2
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Szymkiewicz
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ul. Narutowicza11, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
  2. Laboratoire LEHNA, 3, rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, Franc
  3. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ul. Narutowicza 11, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract

This paper presents the permeability of the permafrost active layer determined in the Brattegg River catchment (SW Spitsbergen) for the 6-years interval of 2005–2010. The field permeability measurements technique of weathered rocks on various geomorphological forms allows to assess the value of their hydraulic conductivity ( k). High variability of k values, ranging from 6.37 10 −9 to 4.0 10 −3 m s −1, indicates the permeability of rocks from very low in clay to very high in gravel-rock rubble. Among the geomorphological forms, the best permeability was observed in boulder covers and rock debris, and the lowest one in patterned ground. The obtained results were used to determine the groundwater runoff ( q), assuming the unit thickness of the active layer aquifer. The q value from the Brattegg River catchment was calculated at 130 L s−1, which is from 15% to 47% of the average surface runoff.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Wąsik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Henryk Marszałek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Rysiukiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Geological Sciences, Department of Applied Hydrogeology, Wrocław University, Plac M. Borna 9, 50-204 Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract

The article presents research results of the introduction of powdery activated carbon to the existing technological system of the groundwater treatment stations in a laboratory, pilot plant and technical scale. The aim of the research was to reduce the content of organic compounds found in the treated water, which create toxic organic chlorine compounds (THM) after disinfection with chlorine. Nine types of powdery active carbons were tested in laboratory scale. The top two were selected for further study. Pilot plant scale research was carried out for the filter model using CWZ-30 and Norit Sa Super carbon. Reduction of the organic matter in relation to the existing content in the treated water reached about 30%. Research in technical scale using CWZ-30 carbon showed a lesser efficiency with respect to laboratory and pilot-plant scale studies. The organic matter decreased by 15%. Since filtration is the last process before the individual disinfection, an alternative solution is proposed, i.e. the second stage of filtration with a granular activated carbon bed, operating in combined sorption and biodegradation processes. The results of tests carried out in pilot scale were fully satisfactory with the effectiveness of 70–100%.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jadwiga Kaleta
Małgorzata Kida
Piotr Koszelnik
Dorota Papciak
Alicja Puszkarewicz
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak
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Abstract

Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE), located in the flood plain of the Awash River (Ethiopia), has been under long-term (>60 years) irrigation, industrial activities and agro-chemical usage. In this study, the hydrochemical properties of ground-water bodies available at WSSE have been characterized for quality compositions. Water samples were collected from groundwater monitoring piezometers distributed in the sugarcane plantation and then analysed for physico-chemical quality parameters (pH, EC,major cations and anions) following standard procedures. Other chemical indices (e.g., total dissolved solids (TDS),total hardness(TH),magnesium absorption ratio(MAR), base exchange (r1), meteoric genesis(r2)) were de-rived from the measured water quality parameters. The compositional variability and groundwater classification has been presented using the Box and Piper plots. The potential sources of minerals were suggested for each of the considered water sources based on their quality characteristics. Both trilinear Piper plot and meteoric genesis index revealed that groundwaterof the area is shallow meteoric water percolation type with a changing of hydrochemical facies and mixing trend. Ground-water of the area, is group 1 (Ca-Mg-HCO3) type, with no dominant cations and HCO3 are the dominant anions. Overall, the study result elucidates that the chemical composition of GW of the area showed spatial variability depending upon the variations in hydrochemical inputs from natural processes and/or anthropogenic activities within the region. The local an-thropogenic processes could be discharges from sugar factory, domestic sewage and agricultural activities.

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Authors and Affiliations

Megersa Olumana Dinka

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