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Abstract

Sodium silicate is one of the most successful inorganic binder. Along with the broad application of sodium silicate for domestic and industrial purposes, the composition analysis, include modulus (m), ratio of SiO2:Na2O, Na2O%, SiO2%, and solid-containing content, is important for the products strength and service life. However, it is perplexing to operate, inefficient and low precision for traditional standard testing method of these parameters. In this study, an automatic measurement system of sodium silicate composition analysis, with the potential electrode for potentiometer titration, micro-controller, PCB, heater, stirrer, printer and micro peristaltic pump, was developed according to the determine method principle. The end-points of pH value in the two titrating steps, first was 4.3 and second was 6.0, were set in the micro-controller to control the reaction in the processing of the sodium silicate composition analysis. And all the potential signals of the pH electrode were transited in the special PCB for the micro-controller.
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Bibliography

[1] Rabbii, A. (2001). Sodium silicate glass as an inorganic binder in foundry industry. Iranian Polymer Journal. 10(4), 229-235.
[2] Stachowicz, M., Pałyga, Ł.& Kȩpowicz, D. (2020). Influence of automatic core shooting parameters in hot-box technology on the strength of sodium silicate olivine moulding sands. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 20(1), 67-72.
[3] Huafang, W., Wenbang, G. & Jijun, L. (2014). Improve the humidity resistance of sodium silicate sands by estermicrowave composite hardening. Metalurgija. 53(4), 455-458.
[4] Nowak, D. (2017). The impact of microwave penetration depth on the process of heating the moulding sand with sodium silicate. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 17(4), 115-118.
[5] M. Stachowicz, K. Granat, & D. Nowak. (2011). Application of microwaves for innovative hardening of environment-friendly water-glass moulding sands used in manufacture of cast-steel castings. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. XI(1), 209-219.
[6] Zhu, CX. (2007). Recent advances in waterglass sand technologies. China Foundry. 4(1), 13-17.
[7] Masuda Yuki, Tsubota Keiji, Ishii Kenichi, Imakoma Hironobu, Ohmura Naoto. (2009) Drying rate and surface temperature in solidification of glass particle layer with inorganic binder by microwave drying. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu. 35(2). 229-231.
[8] Standardization Administration of the P.R.C. (2008). GB/T4209-2008, Sodium silicate for industry use[S]. Beijing, China Standard Press.
[9] Bourikas K., Kordulis C. & Lycourghiotis A. (2005). Differential potentiometric titration: Development of a methodology for determining the point of zero charge of metal (Hydr)oxides by one titration curve. Environmental Science & Technology. 39(11), 4100-4108.
[10] Fan ZT, Liu M, Wang HF, Long W, Hu XT. (2010). Chinese Patent No. 201010558029.3. Beijing, China National Intellectual Property Administration.
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Authors and Affiliations

Huafang Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Quanrun Wang
1
Wu Zhang
1
Xiang Gao
1
Jijun Lu
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
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Abstract

The necessity of obtaining high quality castings forces both researchers and producers to undertake research in the field of moulding sands. The key is to obtain moulding and core sands which will ensure relevant technological parameters along with high environmental standards. The most important group in this research constitutes of moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate. The aim of the article is to propose optimized parameters of hardening process of moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate prepared in warm-box technology. This work focuses on mechanical and thermal deformation of moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate and inorganic additives prepared in warm-box technology. Tested moulding sands were hardened in the temperature of 140oC for different time periods. Bending strength, thermal deformation and thermal degradation was tested. Chosen parameters were tested immediately after hardening and after 1h of cooling. Conducted research proved that it is possible to eliminate inorganic additives from moulding sands compositions. Moulding sands without additives have good enough strength properties and their economic and ecological character is improved.
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Authors and Affiliations

K.A. Major-Gabryś
S.M. Dobosz
A.P. Grabarczyk
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Abstract

The paper presents the impact of biodegradable material - polycaprolactone (PCL) on selected properties of moulding sands. A self-hardening moulding sands with phenol-furfuryl resin, which is widely used in foundry practice, and an environmentally friendly self-hardening moulding sand with hydrated sodium silicate where chosen for testing. The purpose of the new additive in the case of synthetic resin moulding sands is to reduce their harmfulness to the environment and to increase their “elasticity” at ambient temperature. In the case of moulding sands with environmentally friendly hydrated sodium silicate binder, the task of the new additive is to increase the elasticity of the tested samples while preserving their ecological character. Studies have shown that the use of 5% PCL in moulding sand increases their flexibility at ambient temperature, both with organic and inorganic binders. The influence of the new additive on the deformation of the moulding sands at elevated temperatures has also been demonstrated.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Grabarczyk
S.M. Dobosz
K. Major-Gabryś
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Abstract

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of using moulds made from the environmentally friendly sands with hydrated sodium silicate in modified ablation casting. The ablation casting technology is primarily intended for castings with diversified wall thickness and complex shapes made in sand moulds. The article presents the effect of binder content and hardening time on the bending strength Rg u of moulding sands with binders based on hydrated sodium silicate hardened by microwave technology. The aim of the research was to develop an optimal sand composition that would provide the strength necessary to make a mould capable of withstanding the modified ablation casting process. At the same time, the sand composition should guarantee the susceptibility of the mould to the destructive action of the ablation medium, which in this case is water. Tests have shown that microwave hardening provides satisfactory moulds’ strength properties even at a low binder content in the sand mixture.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Puzio
J. Kamińska
K. Major-Gabryś
M. Angrecki
M. Hosadyna-Kondracka
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Abstract

The ablation casting technology consists in pouring castings in single-use moulds made from the mixture of sand and watersoluble binder. After pouring the mould with liquid metal, while the casting is still solidifying, the mould destruction (washing out, erosion) takes place using a stream of cooling medium, which in this case is water. The following paper focuses on the selection of moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate technologies for moulds devoted to the ablation casting of aluminum alloys. It has been proposed to use different types of moulding sands with a water-soluble binder, which is hydrated sodium silicate. The authors showed that the best kind of moulding sands for moulds for Al alloy casting will be moulding sands hardened with physical factors – through dehydration. The use of microwave hardened moulding sands and moulding sands made in hot-box technology has been proposed. The tests were carried out on moulding sands with different types of modified binder and various inorganic additives. The paper compares viscosity of different binders used in the research and thermal degradation of moulding sands with tested binders. The paper analyzes the influence of hardening time periods on bending strength of moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate prepared in hot-box technology. The analysis of literature data and own research have shown that molding sand with hydrated sodium silicate hardened by dehydration is characterized by sufficient strength properties for the ablation foundry of Al alloys.

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Authors and Affiliations

K. Major-Gabryś
M. Hosadyna-Kondracka
A. Grabarczyk
J. Kamińska
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Abstract

The ablation casting technology consists in pouring castings in single-use moulds made from the mixture of sand and water-soluble binder. After pouring the mould with liquid metal the mould is destructed (washed out) using a stream of cooling medium, which in this case is water. The process takes place while the casting is still solidifying.

The following paper focuses on testing the influence of the modified ablation casting of aluminum alloy on casts properties produced in moulds with hydrated sodium silicate binder. The authors showed that the best kind of moulding sands for Al alloy casting will be those hardened with physical factors – through dehydration. The analysis of literature data and own research have shown that the moulding sand with hydrated sodium silicate hardened by dehydration is characterized by sufficient strength properties for the modified ablation casting of Al alloys. In the paper the use of microwave hardened moulding sands has been proposed.

The moulds were prepared in the matrix specially designed for this technology. Two castings from the AlSi7Mg alloy were made; one by traditional gravity casting and the other by gravity casting using ablation.

The conducted casts tests showed that the casting made in modified ablation casting technology characterizes by higher mechanical properties than the casting made in traditional casting technology. In both experimental castings the directional solidification was observed, however in casting made by ablation casting, dimensions of dendrites in the structure at appropriate levels were smaller.

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Authors and Affiliations

K. Major-Gabryś
ORCID: ORCID
M. Hosadyna-Kondracka
ORCID: ORCID
S. Puzio
ORCID: ORCID
J. Kamińska
ORCID: ORCID
M. Angrecki
ORCID: ORCID

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