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Number of results: 6
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Abstract

Finite fossil fuel resources, as well as the instability of renewable energy production, make the sustainable management of energy production and consumption some of the key challenges of the 21st century. It also involves threats to the state of the natural environment, among others due to the negative impact of energy on the climate. In such a situation, one of the methods of improving the efficiency of energy management – both on the micro (dispersed energy) and macro (power system) scale, may be innovative technological solutions that enable energy storage. Their effective implementation will allow it to be collected during periods of overproduction and to be used in situations of scarcity. These challenges cannot be overestimated - modern science has a challenge to solve various types of problems related to storage, including the technology used or the control/ /management of energy storage. Heat storage technologies, on which research works are carried out regarding both storage based on a medium such as water, as well as storage using thermochemical transformations or phase-change materials. They give a wide range of applications and improve the efficiency of energy systems on both the macro and micro scale. Of course, the technological properties and economic parameters have an impact on the application of the chosen technology. The article presents a comparison of storage parameters or heat storage methods based on different materials with specification of their work parameters or operating costs.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Jastrzębski
Piotr W. Saługa
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Abstract

O magazynowaniu energii, medycynie estetycznej prowadzącej do nieśmiertelności i czasie, który pochłania nauka, mówi dr inż. Krzysztof Fic z Politechniki Poznańskiej.

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Krzysztof Fic
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Abstract

W pracy przedstawiono koncepcję, model matematyczny oraz obliczenia symulacyjne dynamiki układu magazynowania energii elektrycznej wykorzystującego ciepło zgromadzone w rozgrzanym metalu, w metalurgicznym piecu do topienia aluminium. Przyjęto, iż do odzysku energii elektrycznej zastosowany będzie układ pracujący na zasadzie organicznego cykl Rankine’a (ORC). Analizie poddano również właściwości obiegu pośredniego pomiędzy układem magazynowania a odzysku. Przedstawiono przykładowy scenariusz ładowania przy uwzględnieniu rzeczywistej charakterystyki czasowej konwersji energii elektrycznej za pomocą farmy wiatrowej. Założono przy tym hipotetyczną charakterystykę zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną przez użytkownika. Przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń numerycznych, z których wynika, że układ taki znakomicie nadaje się do stabilizacji zmiennej charakterystyki wytwarzania w odniesieniu do zapotrzebowania odbiorców na energię elektryczną oraz ciepło. Przedstawiono wyniki przebiegów czasowych ładowania pieca energią uzyskaną z farmy wiatrowej oraz rozładowania przez hipotetycznego użytkownika. Podano również charakterystyki zmienności ciepła akumulowanego w piecu, temperatury czynnika magazynującego, sprawności. W obliczeniach uwzględniono również wpływ oporu cieplnego izolacji na charakterystyki magazynowania energii. Zauważono, iż kluczowymi parametrami wpływającymi na sprawność układu są charakterystyka użytkowania układu (głównie czas oczekiwania na rozładowanie oraz ilość zmagazynowanej energii) oraz jakość izolacji termicznej pieca.
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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Grabski
Janusz Lasek
Jarosław Zuwała
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Abstract

The article presents the current state of the CNG market used as an alternative fuel for car engines. Attention was paid to European Union directives requirements and the current state of the directives’ fulfillment. The economic aspect of CNG usage was analyzed and the approximate costs of driving 10,000 km on different fuels in the last four years were presented. The PtG process which uses electric energy (hydrogen production) and carbon dioxide captured from the flue gas for the production of synthetic methane were discussed. The scheme of the SNG plant with the indication of its most important components was presented, and attention was paid to the mutual complementation of PtG technologies with carbon dioxide capture technology. The benefits of synthetic methane production are presented and the use of compressed natural gas to power engines in vehicles has been described. First, the focus was on the single-fuel use of CNG in bus and truck engines, paying particular attention to the ecological aspect of the implemented solutions. It has been shown that the use of compressed natural gas will reduce almost 100% of the particulates emission from the combustion process. The advantages and disadvantages of the alternative fuel supply are given. Next, the aspect of dual-fuel use in diesel engines was analyzed on the example of a smaller engine. The degree of reduction of harmful compounds emission from the combustion process is shown. Finally, attention was paid to the possible scale effect, referring to the number of motor vehicles in Poland.

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Authors and Affiliations

Szymon Dobras
Lucyna Więcław-Solny
Andrzej Wilk
Adam Tatarczuk
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Abstract

In this article, the contribution of renewable energy sources (RES) to the worldwide electricity production was analyzed. The scale of development and the importance of RES in the global economy as well as the issues and challenges related to variability of these sources were studied. In addition, the chemical conversion of excess energy to renewable methanol has been presented. The European Union regulations and targets for the years 2020 and 2030 concerning greenhouse gases reduction were taken into consideration. These EU restrictions exact the further development of renewable energy sources, in particular, the improvement of their efficiency which is closely related to economics. Moreover, as a part of this work, energy storage were described as one of the ways to increase the competitiveness of renewable energy sources with respect to conventional energy. A method for the conversion of carbon dioxide separated from high-carbon industries with hydrogen obtained by the over-production of green energy were described. The use of methanol in the chemical industry and global market have been reviewed and thus an increasing demand was observed. Additionally, the application of renewable methanol as fuels, in pure form and after a conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether and fatty acid methyl esters has been discussed. Hence, the necessity of modifying car engines in order to use pure methanol and its combination with petrol also was analyzed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Szymon Dobras
Lucyna Więcław-Solny
Tadeusz Chwoła
Aleksander Krótki
Andrzej Wilk
Adam Tatarczuk
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Abstract

Na temat miksu energetycznego różne grupy społeczne mają odmienne zdania. Zmienia się on w czasie, w tempie, którego większość konsumentów energii nie docenia. Zmienia się nawet w Polsce, z pewnością niebędącej liderem transformacji energetycznej.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Kozłowski

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