The most commonly quenching process for carburizing gears is the oil-quenching (OQ) and salt-quenching (SQ), and finite analysis and comparison of OQ and SQ on the carburizing gear ring were performed. Wherein, the accurate simulation of gear carburization was obtained by the alloying element coefficient for diffusion coefficient and experiment validation. The heat transfer coefficients measured by the inverse heat transfer method was used to the temperature simulation, and the gear distortion mechanism was analyzed by the simulated results. By the comparison of OQ, SQ had higher cooling capacity in the high temperature region and slow cooling rate in the temperature range where martensite transformation occurs. The martensite transformation was more sufficient, and the compressive stress of the tooth was greater in the SQ. The tooth showed a drum-shaped and slight saddle-shaped distortion in the OQ and SQ, respectively. The simulated distortion results have good consistency with the measured results, and the SQ distortion was more uniform and stable based on the measured results.

In this study, microstructural and crystallographic properties of phase transformations occurring with thermal effect in Fe-XMn-Mo-Si (X = 15.14wt.% ve 18.45wt.%) alloys have been investigated. The effects of (wt.%) Mn rates in the alloy on the characteristics of phase transformations were investigated by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). SEM and TEM investigations was observed that two different martensite (ε and α') structures were formed in austenite grain. In addition, in TEM observations, the interface regions were selected over the bright field image. Crystallographic orientation relationships were obtained by the analyses of electron diffraction patterns from the interface regions. γ → α' type transformation was observed for α' particle formation, and orientation relationship was found as (1–11)γ // (011)α', [101]γ // [1–11–]α' and, γ → ε type transformation was observed for ε martensite plate formation, and the orientation relationship was found as (1–11–)γ // (0002–)ε, [1–1–0]γ // [2–110]ε. It was noticed that this orientation relationships were compatible with the literature (Kurdjumov-Sachs and Shoji-Nishiyama orientation relationship). Precipitation phase (carbide) formation was observed in microstructure analyses. The changes in the magnetic properties of the alloys having different rates of Mn as a consequence of thermal effect phase transformations was investigated by using Mössbauer Spectroscopy. The internal magnetic field, volume fractions (transformation rates), isomer shift values and magnetic characteristics of the main and product phases were revealed by Mössbauer Spectroscopy. In the Mössbauer Spectrum, it was noticed that ε-martensite and γ-austenite structures showed paramagnetic single-peak, and α'-martensite showed ferromagnetic six-peaks.

Co-Cr-Mo based sheet I-WP lattice was fabricated via laser powder bed fusion. The effect of microstructure and the I-WP shape on compressive mechanical response was investigated. Results of compression test showed that yield strength of the sheet I-WP was 176.3 MPa and that of bulk Co-Cr-Mo (reference material) was 810.4 MPa. By applying Gibson-Ashby analytical model, the yield strength of the lattice was reversely estimated from that of the bulk specimen. The calculated strength of the lattice obtained was 150.7 MPa. The shape of deformed lattice showed collective failure mode, and its microstructure showed that strain-induced martensitic transformation occurred in the overall lattice. The deformation behavior of additively manufactured sheet I-WP lattice was also discussed.