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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and bottom sediments of a shallow, lowland dammed reservoir (on the example of the reservoir Blachownia, South Poland)

Maciej Kostecki Izabela Jureczko Alina Pohl Marianna Czaplicka Bartosz Łozowski
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2018 | No 1 | DOI: 10.24425/118177
Keywords polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sediments lowland dam reservoir
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Abstract

The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediments of the Blachownia

reservoir (South Poland) was investigated. Spatial variability of PAH concentrations in the longitudinal profi le of the

tank was determined. PAHs in samples were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric

detection (GC-MS QP-2010 Plus Shimadzu) using an internal standard. Concentrations ranged from 0.103 μg/L to

2.667 μg/L (Σ16 PAHs) in water samples and from 2.329 mg/kg d.w. to 9.078 mg/kg d.w. (Σ16 PAHs) in sediment

samples. A pollution balance was calculated and it was estimated that the infl ow load was 17.70 kg PAHs during

the year and the outfl ow load was 9.30 kg PAHs per year. Accumulation of about 50% of the annual PAH loads

(8.90 kg) is a threat to the ecological condition of the ecosystem. It was calculated that the PAH loads in bottom

sediment were about 80 kg, which limits their economic use. Improvement of the ecological status of this type of

reservoir can be achieved by removing the sediment. Analysis of the diagnostic ratios obtained for selected PAHs

showed that the potential sources of PAH emissions in small agricultural – forest catchments can be combustion

of a coal, wood, plant material (low emission, forest fi res, burning grass, etc.). Transportation is also signifi cant.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Kostecki
Izabela Jureczko
Alina Pohl
Marianna Czaplicka
Bartosz Łozowski

Exergetic analysis of the chitosan-based treatment process for removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from seawater and sediments

Maileth Cantillo-Figueroa Kariana A. Moreno-Sader Angel D. Gonzalez-Delgado
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 48 | 88-93 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.136150
Keywords efficiency Exergy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sensitivity analysis
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Abstract

The Bay of Cartagena (Colombia) is a site of commercial interest owing to its privileged location for maritime opera-tions; however, the discharge of wastewaters from industrial activities and domestic sewage are affecting the water quality, and consequently, the biodiversity of coastal ecosystems. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are found in sedi-ments and water of main ports, causing severe damage to the ecosystem. Thus, alternatives for the treatment of the Bay of Cartagena’s water and sediments are needed. In this paper, we performed the exergetic analysis of removing PAHs from water and sediments in the Bay of Cartagena using an adsorption-based treatment process with chitosan microbeads and magnetic nanoparticles (CM-TiO2/Fe3O4). The outcomes of exergy of utilities, irreversibilities and exergy losses were calculated us-ing process data and exergy of substances. The Aspen plus V10 software provided the physical exergies, while chemical exergies were gathered from the literature. Overall exergy efficiency of 0.3% was determined for the seawater and sediment treatment facility. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the impact and viability of different design alternatives.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maileth Cantillo-Figueroa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kariana A. Moreno-Sader
1
ORCID: ORCID
Angel D. Gonzalez-Delgado
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Cartagena, Ave. del Consulado #Calle 30 No. 48 152, Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sludge from a Sewage Treatment Plant of a Steelwork

Agnieszka Popenda Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła Marta Janosz-Rajczyk
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2002 | vol. 28 | No 3 | 89-98
Keywords polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) extraction industrial wastes sludges contamination high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of investigation on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentration in sludge coming from industrial wastewater treatment. The sludge was characterised according to chemical composition and heavy metal contents. Leaching of PAHs from sludge in dynamic conditions was also done with lizymetric columns used to simulate the real conditions during the storage of wastes. The changes or PAHs concentration in sludge stored under various lights conditions were also compared (daylight and darkness). A periodic extraction method with cyclohexane was used to select PAHs from samples. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescent detector was used to analyse PAHs. Six PAHs listed by WHO were analysed (fluoranthene Fl, benzo(b)fluoranthene BbF, benzo(k)fluoranthene BkF, benzo(a)pyrene BaP, benzo(ghi)perylene BghiP and indeno(l ,2,3-cd)pyrene IP).
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Popenda
Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła
Marta Janosz-Rajczyk

Reduction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen monooxide in combustion engine exhaust gases by clinoptilolite. = Redukcja wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych i tlenków azotu w gazach wydechowych silnika spalinowego przy użyciu klinoptylolitu

Jozef Mačala Iveta Pandová Taťána Gondová Katarína Dubayová
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2012 | vol. 28 | No 2 | 113-123 | DOI: 10.2478/v10269-012-0015-1
Keywords Clinoptilolite polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) noxious gases nitrogen oxide gas chromatography liquid chromatography Fluorescence spectrum
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Abstract

The subject of this work was the investigation of zeolite as a sorbent of toxic gases. In Nizny Hrabovec in the Slovak republic, two layers of zeolite with the active component clinoptilolite can be found. The study presented here investigated the ability of this natural zeolite to reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and NO emissions from engine exhaust. Exhaust gases from combustion engines include toxic components such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are a component of hydrocarbons causing harmful influence on life forms. The experiments focused on the potential reduction of these toxic gases based on the sorption and catalytic properties of natural zeolite. Also observed was the influence of chemical adjustment including incorporation of certain metal elements. Chemical analysis by mutually independent technologies served to observe the sorption of PAH with carcinogenic properties on the natural zeolite tested. The experiments showed that chemical modification improved the sorption and catalytic properties of natural zeolite. The PAH were analysed in an extract of the contaminated, thermally-activated natural zeolite and modified zeolite after washing with ammonium chloride, cobalt chloride and copper sulphate. The study also presents results of NO measurements obtained by testing the filter-sorptive automobile system.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jozef Mačala
Iveta Pandová
Taťána Gondová
Katarína Dubayová

Spatial distribution, ecological risk and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and bottom sediments of the anthropogenic lymnic ecosystems under conditions of diversified anthropopressure

Alina Pohl Maciej Kostecki
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2020 | vol. 46 | No 4 | 104-120 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.135769
Keywords polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bottom sediments ecological risk atchment area diagnostic ratios anthropopressure
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Abstract

The research determined the concentrations of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediments of Kłodnica River reservoirs and distribution depending on number of rings, ecotoxicological impact on studied ecosystems and possible sources of origin. Samples were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis by gas chromatography coupled with a GC-MS mass detector, using a ZB-5MS column and electron ionization. The sum of 16 PAHs in water ranged 0.111–0.301 μg/L (mean 0.200 μg/L) in Dzierżno Duże, 0.0410–0.784 μg/L (mean 0.303 μg/L) in Dzierżno Małe and 0.0920–1.52 μg/L (mean 0.596 μg/L) in Pławniowice. While in sediments respectively: 17.5–37.2 μg/g (mean 26.8 μg/g), 4.33–8.81 μg/g (6.43 μg/g) and 2.27–9.50 μg/g (5.30 μg/g). The concentration of PAHs in sediments of reservoirs, which spatial management of the catchment area accounts for over 90% of agricultural and forest land, was up to eight times lower than in sediments of the reservoir which is 69%, while built-up and transport areas are 24%. In sediments of Dzierżno Małe and Pławniowice PAHs with 5 and 6 rings dominate, while in Dzierżno Duże – 2 and 3 rings. Higher concentrations of PAHs with higher molecular weight, found in the bottom water layers, confirm the role of the sedimentation process in the transport of these compounds in reservoirs. Assessment of sediment quality, based on ecotoxicological criteria, showed that PAHs may cause toxic effects in Dzierżno Duże, while in Dzierżno Małe and Pławniowice can cause sporadic adverse effects. The likely source of PAHs in reservoirs is low emissions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alina Pohl
Maciej Kostecki
ORCID: ORCID

Biometric indicators of growth and development of Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens in terms of recultivation of soil contaminated with petroleum

Bogumiła Pawluśkiewicz Ilona Małuszyńska Marcin Małuszyński Piotr Dąbrowski Tomasz Gnatowski
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | Special Issue | 70-79 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.143722
Keywords germination dynamic Gompertz regression model lawn plants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) pot tests remediation seedlings parameters
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Abstract

The aim of the research was to determine the factors defining the growth and development of Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens upon petroleum contamination. The top layer of clay soil contaminated with petroleum products resulting from an oil pipeline failure was collected for the tests. The control was the same type of uncontaminated soil with the addition of, under laboratory conditions, tissue paper. The research was conducted in two stages. The first concerned the germination process and seedlings parameters (Petri dishes). The germination energy ( GE) and the germination capacity ( GC) of seeds were determined. The seedling’s development was also evaluated based on ‘WinRhizo PRO 2009’ software. Then, in the second stage, pot tests were carried out, where the growth and development of species in the first year after sowing were temporarily measured. The parameters studied were the number, height, green and dry masses of the plants.
A Gompertz regression model describing seed species germination and number species as time dependent dynamic was applied. The data were analysed statistically using variance analysis (ANOVA) and the PCA (principal component analysis) method. The results of our study indicated that admixture of petroleum into the soil does not seriously affect the development dynamics of Lolium perenne seedlings. The diesel oil contamination mostly affects the germination of the Trifolium repens by a statistically significant increase of the maximum value of germination and increasing the maximum growth rate.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bogumiła Pawluśkiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ilona Małuszyńska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Małuszyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Dąbrowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Gnatowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Water Center, Warsaw, Poland

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