[1] Annual Energy Outlook 2013. Report, Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC, USA, 2013.
[2] B.S. Lee, J.J. He, W.J. Wu, and W.P. Shih. MEMS generator of power harvesting by vibrations using piezoelectric cantilever beam with digitate electrode. In Proceedings SPIE, Smart Structures and Materials 2006: Damping and Isolation, volume 6169, page 61690B, March, 15 2006. doi: 10.1117/12.658584.
[3] C.S. Lee, J. Joo, S. Han, J.H. Lee, and S.K. Koh. Poly (vinylidene fluoride) transducers with highly conducting poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrodes. Synthetic Metals, 152(1-3):49–52, 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.07.116.
[4] F. Mohammadi, A. Khan, and R.B. Cass. Power generation from piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate fiber composites. In Materials Research Society Proceedings, volume 736, page D5.5, 2002. doi: 10.1557/PROC-736-D5.5.
[5] H.A. Sodano, J.M. Lloyd, and D.J. Inman. An experimental comparison between several active composite actuators for power generation. In Proceedings SPIE, Smart Structures and Materials 2004: Smart Structures and Integrated Systems, volume 5390, pages 370–378, July 26 2004. doi: 10.1117/12.540192.
[6] H.A. Sodano, D.J. Inman, and G. Park. A review of power harvesting from vibration using piezoelectric materials. Shock and Vibration Digest, 36(3):197–205, 2004.
[7] H.A. Sodano, G. Park, and D.J. Inman. Estimation of electric charge output for piezoelectric energy harvesting. Strain, 40(2):49–58, 2004. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1305.2004.00120.x.
[8] J. Baker, S. Roundy, and P. Wright. Alternative geometries for increasing power density in vibration energy scavenging for wireless sensor networks. In 3rd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, page 5617, San Francisco, CA, USA, 16-18 August 2005. doi: 10.2514/6.2005-5617.
[9] S. R Platt, S. Farritor, and H. Haider. On low-frequency electric power generation with PZT ceramics. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 10(2):240–252, 2005. doi: 10.1109/TMECH.2005.844704.
[10] T.H. Ng and W.H. Liao. Sensitivity analysis and energy harvesting for a self-powered piezoelectric sensor. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 16(10):785–797, 2005. doi: 10.1177/1045389X05053151.
[11] S. Roundy. On the effectiveness of vibration-based energy harvesting. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 16(10):809–823, 2005. doi: 10.1177/1045389X05054042.
[12] D. Benasciutti, E. Brusa, L. Moro, and S. Zelenika. Optimised piezoelectric energy scavengers for elder care. In Proceedings of European Society Precision Engineering & Nanotech (EUSPEN) Conference, pages 41–45, Zurich, Switzerland, May 2008.
[13] L. Mateu and F. Moll. Optimum piezoelectric bending beam structures for energy harvesting using shoe inserts. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 16(10):835–845, 2005. doi: 10.1177/1045389X05055280.
[14] K. Mossi, C. Green, Z. Ounaies, and E. Hughes. Harvesting energy using a thin unimorph prestressed bender: geometrical effects. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 16(3):249–261, 2005. doi: 10.1177/1045389X05050008.
[15] M. Ericka, D. Vasic, F. Costa, G. Poulin, and S. Tliba. Energy harvesting from vibration using a piezoelectric membrane. In Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings), volume 128, pages 187–193, September 2005. doi: 10.1051/jp4:2005128028.
[16] S. Kim, W. W Clark, and Q.M. Wang. Piezoelectric energy harvesting with a clamped circular plate: analysis. Journal of intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 16(10):847–854, 2005. doi: 10.1177/1045389X05054044.
[17] S. Kim, W. W Clark, and Q.M. Wang. Piezoelectric energy harvesting with a clamped circular plate: experimental study. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 16(10):855–863, 2005. doi: 10.1177/1045389X05054043.
[18] J. Han, A. von Jouanne, T. Le, K. Mayaram, and T.S. Fiez. Novel power conditioning circuits for piezoelectric micropower generators. In Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2004. APEC’04. Nineteenth Annual IEEE, volume 3, pages 1541–1546, 2004. doi: 10.1109/APEC.2004.1296069.
[19] E. Lefeuvre, A. Badel, C. Richard, L. Petit, and D. Guyomar. A comparison between several vibration-powered piezoelectric generators for standalone systems. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 126(2):405–416, 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.sna.2005.10.043.
[20] A. Preumont. Mechatronics. Dynamics of Electromechanical and Piezoelectric Systems, volume 136. Springer, 2006. doi: 10.1007/1-4020-4696-0.
[21] R. Guigon, J.J. Chaillout, T. Jager, and G. Despesse. Harvesting raindrop energy: theory. Smart Materials and Structures, 17(1):015038, 2008. doi: 10.1088/0964-1726/17/01/015038.
[22] R. Guigon, J.J. Chaillout, T. Jager, and G. Despesse. Harvesting raindrop energy: experimental study. Smart Materials and Structures, 17(1):015039, 2008. doi: 10.1088/0964-1726/17/01/015039.
[23] P.V. Biswas, M.A. Uddin, M.A. Islam, M.A.R. Sarkar, V.G. Desa, M.H. Khan, and A.M.A. Huq. Harnessing raindrop energy in Bangladesh. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 26-29 December 2009. Paper: ICME09-AM-29.
[24] J.S. Marshall andW. Mc K. Palmer. The distribution of raindrops with size. Journal of Meteorology, 5(4):165–166, 1948. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1948)0050165:TDORWS>2.0.CO;2.
[25] J.S. Marshall, R.C. Langille, and W. Mc K. Palmer. Measurement of rainfall by radar. Journal of Meteorology, 4(6):186–192, 1947. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1947)0040186:MORBR>2.0.CO;2.
[26] J.O. Laws and D.A. Parsons. The relation of raindrop-size to intensity. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 24(2):452–460, 1943. doi: 10.1029/TR024i002p00452.
[27] J.W. Ryde. The attenuation and radar echoes produced at centimetre wave-lengths by various meteorological phenomena. In Report of a conference on Meteorological factors in radiowave propagation, pages 169–188, The Physical Society and the Royal Meteorological Society, London, 8 April 1946.
[28] A.C. Best. The size distribution of raindrops. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 76(327):16–36, 1950. doi: 10.1002/qj.49707632704.
[29] R. S Sekhon and R.C. Srivastava. Doppler radar observations of drop-size distributions in a thunderstorm. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 28(6):983–994, 1971. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1971)0280983:DROODS>2.0.CO;2.
[30] P.T. Willis. Functional fits to some observed drop size distributions and parameterization of rain. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 41(9):1648–1661, 1984. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1984)0411648:FFTSOD>2.0.CO;2.
[31] G. Feingold and Z. Levin. The lognormal fit to raindrop spectra from frontal convective clouds in Israel. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, 25(10):1346–1363, 1986. doi: .
[32] D. Sempere-Torres, J.M. Porrà, and J.D. Creutin. A general formulation for raindrop size distribution. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 33(12):1494–1502, 1994. doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)0331494:AGFFRS>2.0.CO;2.
[33] D. Sempere-Torres, J.M. Porrà, and J.D. Creutin. Experimental evidence of a general description for raindrop size distribution properties. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 103(D2):1785–1797, 1998. doi: 10.1029/97JD02065.
[34] K.V. Beard and H.R. Pruppacher. A determination of the terminal velocity and drag of small water drops by means of a wind tunnel. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 26(5):1066–1072, 1969. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1969)0261066:ADOTTV>2.0.CO;2.
[35] G. Montero-Martínez, A.B. Kostinski, R.A. Shaw, and F. García-García. Do all raindrops fall at terminal speed? Geophysical Research Letters, 36(11), 2009. L11818, doi: 10.1029/2008GL037111.
[36] M.A. Nearing, J.M. Bradford, and R.D. Holtz. Measurement of force vs. time relations for waterdrop impact. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 50(6):1532–1536, 1986. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000060030x.

1. Boogaard, F. C. , Van, D. V. F. , Langeveld, J. G. , Kluck, J. & Van, D. G. N. (2015). Re-moval efficiency of storm water treatment techniques: standardized full scale laborato-ry testing. Urban Water Journal, 14(3-4):pp. 255-262. DOI:10.1080/1573062X.2015.1092562
2. Chahal, M. K. , Shi, Z. & Flury, M. (2016). Nutrient leaching and copper speciation in compost-amended bioretention systems. Science of the Total Environment, 556, pp. 302-309. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.125
3. Davis, A. P. , Traver, R. G. , Hunt, W. F. , Lee, R. , Brown, R. A. & Olszewski, J. M. (2012). Hydrologic Performance of Bioretention Storm-Water Control Measures. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 17(5), pp. 604-614. DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)HE .1943-5584.0000467
4. Gao, Z. , Zhang, Q, H. , Xie, Y. D. , Wang, Q. , Dzakpasu, M. , Xiong, J. Q. & Wang, X. C.(2022). A novel multi-objective optimization framework for urban green-gray infrastructure implementation under impacts of climate change. Science of The Total Environment, 825: pp. 153954. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153954
5. Ghosh, S. P. & Maiti, S. K. (2018). Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in roadside deposited sediments and road surface runoff: a case study. Environmental Earth Sciences, 77(7):267. DOI:10.1007/s12665-018-7370-1
6. Guo, C. , Li, J. , Li, H. , Zhang, B. , Ma, M. & Li, F.(2018). Seven-Year Running Effect Evaluation and Fate Analysis of Rain Gardens in Xi’an, Northwest China. Water, 10(7). DOI:10.3390/w10070944
7. Guo, C. , Li, J. K. , Ma, Y. , Li, H, E. , Yuan, M. & Ji, G. Q.(2015). Operation life analysis and value estimation of rainwater garden. Journal of Environmental Science, 38(11), pp. 4391-4399(in Chinese).
8. Gupta, A. , Thengane, S. K. & Mahajani, S. (2018). CO2 gasification of char from lignocellulosic garden waste: Experimental and kinetic study. Bioresource Technology, 263, pp. 180-191. DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.097
9. Hess, A. , Wadzuk, B. &Welker, A. (2021). Evapotranspiration estimation in rain gardens using soil moisture sensors. Vadose Zone Journal. DOI:10.1002/vzj2.20100
10. Hong, J. , Geronimo, F. K. , Choi, H. &, Kim, L. H. (2018). Impacts of nonpoint source pollutants on microbial community in rain gardens. Chemosphere, 209, pp. 20-27. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.062
11. Hsieh, C. & Davis, A. P. (2005). Evaluation and optimization of bioretention media for treatment of urban storm water runoff. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 131(11), pp. 1521-1531. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:11(1521)
12. Jeong, H., Choi, J.Y., Lee, J., Lim, J. & Ra, R. (2020). Heavy metal pollution by road-deposited sediments and its contribution to total suspended solids in rainfall runoff from intensive industrial areas. Environmental Pollution, 265:15028. DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115028
13. Jiang, C. B., Li, J. K., Ma, Y., Li, H. E. & Ruan,T. S. (2012). The Regulating Effect of Rain Garden on Actual Rainfall Runoff. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 032(004), pp. 122-127(in Chinese).
14. Kim, L. H. (2021). Stormwater runoff treatment using rain garden: performance monitoring and development of deep learning-based water quality prediction models. Water, 13(24), 3488. DOI:10.3390/w13243488
15. Li, L. & Davis, A. P. (2014). Urban stormwater runoff nitrogen composition and fate in bioretention systems. Environmental Science & Technology, 2014, 48(6):3403. DOI: 10.1021/es4055302
16. Ming-Han Li , Mark Swapp , Myung Hee Kim , Kung-Hui Chu , Chan Yong Sung (2014). Comparing bioretention designs with and without an internal water storage layer for treating highway runoff. Water Environment Research, 86(5), pp. 387-397. DOI: 10.2175/106143013X13789303501920
17. Li, N. , Meng, Y. , Wang, J. ,Yu, Q. & Zhang, N. Q. (2008). Research on waterlogging reduction Effect of low-impact development measures -- A Case study of ji nan sponge test Area. Journal of Water Resources, 49(12), pp. 1489-1502(in Chinese).
18. Luo, H. M., Che, W. , Li, J. Q. , Wang, H. L. , Meng, G. H. & He, J. P.(2008). Application of rainwater garden in flood control and utilization. China Water supply and Drainage, 24(06), pp. 48-52(in Chinese).
19. Cheng, M. , Qin, H. P. , He, K. M. & Xu, H. L. (2018). Can floor-area-ratio incentive promote low impact development in a highly urbanized area? -A case study in Changzhou City, China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 12(2), pp. 1-8.
20. Morales, V. L. , Gao, B. & Steenhuis, T. S. (2009). Grain Surface-Roughness Effects on Colloidal Retention in the Vadose Zone. Vadose Zone Journal, 8(1), pp. 11-20. DOI:10.2136/vzj2007.0171
21. Palmer, E. T. , Poor, C. J. , Hinman, C. & Stark, J. D.(2013). Nitrate and Phosphate Removal through Enhanced Bioretention Media: Mesocosm Study. Water Environment Research, 85(9), pp. 823-832. DOI: 10.2175/106143013X13736496908997
22. Sun, Y. , Wei, X. & Pomeroy, C. A. (2011). Research Status and Prospect of storm and flood resource regulation measures for low-impact Development. Progress in water science, 22(02), pp. 287-293(in Chinese).
23. Tang, S. C. , Luo, W. , Jia, Z. H. , Li, S. , Wu, Y. & Zhou, M. (2015). Effect of rain garden on storm runoff reduction. Progress in water science, 26(06), pp. 787-794(in Chinese).
24. Tang, S. C. , Luo, W. , Jia, Z. H. , Li, S. & Wu, Y. (2015). Effect of rain garden on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in different forms of occurrence and the effect of preferential flow in soil. Journal of water resources, 46(008), pp. 943-950(in Chinese).
25. Tang, S. C. , Luo, W. , Jia, Z. H. & Yuan, H. C.(2012). Experimental Study on infiltration rainwater Runoff storage in Xi 'an Rainwater Garden. Journal of soil and water conservation, 26(06), pp. 75-79(in Chinese).
26. Tang, S. C. , Luo, W. , Jia, Z. H. , Ma, X. Y. & Shao, Z. X. (2018). Influencing factors of rain garden operation effect based on drainable mod model. Progress in Water Science, 29(03), pp. 407-414(in Chinese).
27. Trowsdale, S. A. & Simcock, R. (2011). Urban stormwater treatment using bioretention. Journal of Hydrology, 397(3-4), pp. 167-174. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.023
28. Wang, R. H. W. & Chiles, R. (2022). Ecosystem Benefits Provision of Green Stormwater Infrastructure in Chinese Sponge Cities. Environmental Management, 69(3), p. 558-575. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01565-9
29. Zhang, B. H., Deng, C. X. , Ma, Y. , Li, J, K , Jiang, C. B. & Ma, M. H. (2019). Retention and purification effect of rainwater garden on roof rainwater. China Water supply and Drainage, 21:29 (in Chinese).
30. Zhang, J. Y. , Wang, Y. T. , Hu, Q. F. & He, R. M.(2016). Discussion on issues related to sponge city construction. Progress in water science, 27(06), pp. 793-799(in Chinese).

AL-OTHMAN A.A. 2019. Evaluation of the suitability of surface water from Riyadh Mainstream Saudi Arabia for a variety of uses. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. Vol. 12(8) p. 2104–2110. DOI 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.01.001.
ASHRAF M.A., MAAH J., YUSOFF I. 2010. Water quality characterization of Varsity Lake. E-Journal of Chemistry. Vol. 7. Art. ID 396215. DOI 10.1155/2010/396215.
BARNETT M.J., JACKSON-SMITH D., HAEFFNER M. 2018. Influence of recreational activity on water quality perceptions and concerns in Utah: A replicated analysis. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. Vol. 22 p. 26–36. DOI 10.1016/ j.jort.2017.12.003.
DERRADJI F., BOUSNOUBRA H., KHERICI N., ROMEO M., CARUBA R. 2007. Impact de la pollution organique sur la qualité des eaux superficielles dans le Nord-Est algerien [Impact of organic pollution on surface water quality in Algerian north-east]. Secheresse. No. 18 p. 7–23. DOI 10.1684/sec.2007.0065.
DERRADJI F., KHERICI N., ROMEO M., CARUBA R. 2004. Aptitude des eaux de la vallée de la Seybouse à l’irrigation (Nord-est algérien) [Aptitude of the Seybouse River valley waters to irrigation (North-East Algeria)]. Sécheresse. No. 15 p. 353–360.
KHERICI N., KHERICI H., ZOUINI D. 1996. La vulnérabilité à la pollution des eaux de la plaine d’Annaba La Mafragh (Nord-Est algerien) [Vulnerability of Annaba plain – Mafragh (northeast Algeria) to water pollution]. Hydrogeologia. Vol. 12(3) p. 5–48.
LEKOUI S., DJORFI S., FOUFOU A., BOUZNAD I.E. 2019. The impact of irrigation water returns on the water quality of Annaba El Tarf aquifers (Northeastern Algeria). Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences. Vol. 14(6) p. 290–298.
MCKINNEY M.L. 2002. Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation: The impacts of urbanization on native species are poorly studied, but educating a highly urbanized human population about these impacts can greatly improve species conservation in all ecosystems. Biosciences. Vol. 52. Iss. 10 p. 883–890. DOI 10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0883:UBAC]2.0.CO;2.
MULLISS R.M., REVITT D.M., SHUTES R.B.E. 1997. The impacts of discharges from two-combined sewer over flows on the water quality of an urban watercourse. Water Science and Technology. Vol. 36. Iss. 8–9 p. 195–199. DOI 10.1016/ S0273-1223(97)00599-4.
NAJAH A.A., EL-SHAFIE A., KARIM,O.A., JAAFAR O. 2009. Prediction of Johor River water quality parameters using artificial neural networks. European Journal of Scientific Research. Vol. 28. No. 3 p. 422–435.
PEÑA-HARO S., LLOPIS-ALBERT C., PULIDO-VELAZQUEZ M., PULIDO-VELAZQUEZ D. 2010. Fertilizer standards for controlling groundwater nitrate pollution from agriculture: El Salobral-Los Llanos case study Spain. Journal of Hydrology. Vol. 392(3–4) p. 174–187. DOI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.08.006.
RICHARDS L.A. 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Agriculture Handbook. 1st ed. Washington D.C. USDA pp. 160.
RODIER J. 2005. L’analyse de l’eau: Eaux naturelles, eaux résiduaires, eau de mer [Water analysis: Natural resources, wastewater, seawater]. 8th ed. Paris, France. Dunod. ISBN 2100496360 pp. 1578.
TAGMA T., HSISSOU Y., BOUCHAOU L., BOURAGBA L., BOUTALEB S. 2009. Groundwater nitrate pollution in Souss-Massa basin (south-west Morocco). African Journal Environmental Science and Technology. Vol. 3(10) p. 301–309. DOI 10.5897/ AJEST09.076
THIOULOUSE J., CHESSEL D., DOLE´DEC S., OLIVIER J.M. 1997. ADE-4: A multivariate analysis and graphical display software. Statistics and Computing Journal. Vol. 7 p. 75–83. DOI 10.1023/A:1018513530268.
WILCOX L.V. 1948. The quality of water for agricultural use. 1st ed. Washington D.C., USA. US Dept. Agriculture Technical Bulletin. Vol. 962 pp. 40.
ZOUINI D. 1997. Ressources en eau de surface pour l’aménagement hydraulique dans le bassin de l’Oued El Kebir (Nord-Est algérien) [Surface water resources for hydraulic development in the Oued El Kebir basin (north-eastern Algeria)]. Sécheresse. No. 8 p. 9–13.