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Research on reference frames and reference networks in Poland in 2015–2018

Jan Krynski Jerzy B. Rogowski Tomasz Liwosz
Geodesy and Cartography | 2019 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 5-29 | DOI: 10.24425/gac.2019.126093
Keywords reference system reference frame vertical control gravity control magnetic control
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Abstract

Research activities of Polish research groups in a period of 2015–2019 on reference frames and reference networks are reviewed and summarised in this paper. The summary contains the results concerning the implementation of latest resolutions on reference systems of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics and the International Union of Astronomy with special emphasis on the changes in the Astronomical Almanac of the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw. It further presents the status of the implementation of the European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89) in Poland, monitoring the terrestrial reference frame, operational work of GNSS permanent IGS/EPN stations in Poland, operational work of the laser ranging station in Poland of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS), active GNSS station network for the realization of ETRS89 in Poland, validation of recent ETRS89 realization, expressed in ETRF2000 in Poland, and maintenance of the vertical control in Poland (PL-KRON86-NH). Extensive research activities are observed in the field of maintenance and modernization of gravity control not only in Poland, but also in Sweden and in Denmark, as well as establishment of gravity control in Ireland based on absolute gravity survey. The magnetic control in Poland was also regularly maintained. The bibliography of the related works is given in references.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Krynski
Jerzy B. Rogowski
Tomasz Liwosz

Reference frames and reference networks

Jaroslaw Bosy Jan Krynski
Geodesy and Cartography | 2015 | vol. 64 | No 2 | DOI: 10.1515/geocart-2015-0011
Keywords reference system reference frame ETRS89 vertical control gravity control magnetic control
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Abstract

The summary of research activities concerning reference frames and reference networks performed in Poland in a period of 2011–2014 is presented. It contains the results of research on implementation of IUGG2011 and IAU2012 resolutions on reference systems, implementation of the ETRS89 in Poland, operational work of permanent IGS/ EUREF stations in Poland, operational work of ILRS laser ranging station in Poland, active GNSS station networks in Poland, maintenance of vertical control in Poland, maintenance and modernization of gravity control, and maintenance of magnetic control in Poland. The bibliography of the related works is given in references.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jaroslaw Bosy
Jan Krynski

Research on reference frames and reference networks in Poland in 2019–2022

Jan Kryński Tomasz Liwosz
Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 2 | e44 | DOI: 10.24425/agg.2023.146156
Keywords reference system reference frame vertical control gravity control magneti ccontrol
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Abstract

The article presents the reviewed and summarised research activities of Polish research groups on reference frames and reference networks in a period of 2019–2022. It contains the results on the implementation of latest resolutions on reference systems of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics and the International Astronomical Union focusing on changes in the consecutive issues of the Astronomical Almanac of the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw. It further presents the status of the implementation of the European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89) in Poland, monitoring the terrestrial reference frame, including research on global terrestrial reference frames, GNSS data analysis within the EUREF Permanent Network, research on GNSS receiver antenna phase centres, research on impact of non-tidal loading effects on position solutions, and on station velocities. Then the activities concerning the realization of ITRS and ETRS89 in Poland are discussed, including operational work of GNSS IGS/EPN stations as well as operational work of the laser ranging station of the International Laser Ranging Service, with special emphasis on the Polish active GNSS network for the realization of ETRS89 and maintenance of the vertical control network. Extensive research activities are observed in the field of implementation of the International Terrestrial Gravity Reference Frame in Poland, maintenance and modernization of gravity control network in Poland but also in Sweden, establishment of gravity control network in Ireland based on absolute gravity survey as well as maintenance of the national magnetic control network in Poland which is traditionally performed on a regular basis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Kryński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Liwosz
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Conformal and empirical transformation between the PL-ETRF89 and PL-ETRF2000 reference frames using the new adjustment of the former Polish I class triangulation network

Roman Kadaj
Geodesy and Cartography | 2021 | vol. 70 | No 2 | article no. e05 | DOI: 10.24425/gac.2021.136680
Keywords European reference frames empirical transformation interpolation grid network adjustment 3D Helmert transformation
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Abstract

The European reference frame ETRF2000 was introduced on the territory of Poland on 1 July 2013, named PL-ETRF2000, as a result of the appropriate measurement campaign 2008-2011. The new PL-ETRF2000 reference frame has replaced the previously used PL-ETRF89 frame, which had more than 10 years of history in Poland until 2013, implemented in almost all geodetic and cartographic “products”, in geodetic networks, economic map systems and databases. The relationship of the new reference frame with the previously used PL-ETRF89 frame has become an important practical issue. Currently, all position services of the ASG-EUPOS (Active Geodetic Network – EUPOS) system use only the PL-ETRF2000 reference frame, which also results from the relevant legal and technical regulations. The relationships between the frames was considered in two aspects: “theoretical”, expressed by conformal (Helmert, 7-parameter) transformation, and “empirical”, based on an interpolation grid that allows to take into account local distortions of the PL-ETRF89 frame. The estimation of the parameters of the conformal transformation model was based on 330 points of the POLREF network, while to create an interpolation grid approximately 6500 points of the old triangulation network were additionally used, after new adjustment in PL-ETRF200 reference frame. Basic algorithms for the transformation between two frames and mapping systems are implemented in the new version of the TRANSPOL program, which is available on the web ( www.gugik.gov.pl).
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Bibliography

Balcerzak, J. (1994). Odwzorowanie Gaussa-Krügera w szerokiej 12° strefie dla obszaru Polski. IX Szkoła Kartograficzna. Komorowo, 10–14.10.1994.

Bosy, J. (2011). Weryfikacja wyników integracji podstawowej osnowy geodezyjnej na obszarze kraju ze stacjami referencyjnymi systemu ASG-EUPOS. Wrocław, 30.11.2011. Raport dla GUGiK Warszawa.

Deakin, R.E. (1998). 3D Coordinate transformations. Survey. Land Inf. Systems. 58, 4, pp. 223–234.

Deutsch, R. (1965). Estimation Theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Jaworski, L. (2011). Zintegrowanie podstawowej osnowy geodezyjnej na obszarze Polski ze stacjami referencyjnymi systemu ASG-EUPOS ETAP IV. Opracowanie i wyrównanie obserwacji GNSS. Raport CBK dla GUGiK, lipiec 2011, Warszawa (Pomiary wykonane przez konsorcjum firm geodezyjnych).

Hausbrandt, S. (1971). Rachunek wyrównawczy i obliczenia geodezyjne. Tom I i II. Warszawa: PPWK. Transformation between the PL-ETRF89 and PL-ETRF2000 frames 19

Kadaj, R. (2001). Formuły odwzorowawcze i parametry układów współrzędnych (Mapping formulas and parameters of coordinate systems). Wytyczne Techniczne G-1.10. GUGiK 2001, ISBN-83-239- 1473-7.

Kadaj, R. and Świętoń, T. (2012). TRANSPOL wersja 2.06 – program do transformacji współrzędnych i wysokości w państwowym systemie odniesień przestrzennych – metody, algorytmy i opis programu (TRANSPOL version 2.06 – a program for the transformation of coordinates and heights in the state system of spatial references – methods, algorithms and description of the program). Internet publication of GUGiK – Head of the Office of Geodesy and Cartography, www.gugik.gov.pl.

Kadaj R. (2013). Skutki metryczne zmiany układów odniesienia: PL-ETRF89 na PL-ETRF2000 oraz PLKRON86- NH na PL-EVRF2007-NH w obszarze Polski (Metric effects of change of reference systems: PL-ETRF89 on PL-ETRF2000 and PL-KRON86-NH on PL-EVRF2007-NH in the area of Poland). In conf. Sekcji Geod. Sat. Komitetu Badań Kosmicznych i Satelitarnych PAN “Satelitarne metody wyznaczania pozycji we współczesnej geodezji i nawigacji”. AGH, Cracow, 24–27.09.2013.

Kozakiewicz, W. (1998). Wyrównanie pierwsza klasa. Geodeta, no. 2(33).

Liwosz, T., Rogowski, J., Kruczyk, M. et al. (2011). Wyrównanie kontrolne obserwacji satelitarnych GNSS wykonanych na punktach ASG-EUPOS, EUREF-POL, EUVN, POLREF i osnowy I klasy wraz z ocena wyników. Katedra Geodezji i Astronomii Geodezyjnej Wydział Geodezji i Kartografii Politechnika Warszawska. Warszawa, 15.12.2011. Raport dla GUGiK Warszawa.

Watson, G.A. (2006). Computing Helmert transformation. J. Comput. Appl. Math., 197, 387–394.

Zawadzki, J. (2011). Metody geostatyczne (Geostatic methods).Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej.
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Authors and Affiliations

Roman Kadaj
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland

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