Article deals with the problem of technology selection for construction project. Three criteria were proposed: cost, time and technological complexity. To solve the problem, fuzzy preference relations were used. Authors present an algorithm supporting multi-criteria decision-making process. The algorithm creates fuzzy preference relations on the basis of the fuzzy comparison: “xᵢ is better than xj”.Then, with the use of criteria weights it creates general fuzzy preference relation, finds all non-dominated (admissible) alternatives and the best one among them. The algorithm consists of 7 steps. Authors show application of the proposed algorithm – example calculations.

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki przeprowadzonych w latach 1997-1999 badań pionowego rozmieszczenia drobnoustrojów wskaźnikowych w wodzie pelagialu i profundalu jeziora Wigry wraz z panującymi tam stosunkami termiczno-tlenowymi. Bakteriologicznymi wskaźnikami były bakterie oznaczane na agarze odżywczym w temperaturze 20 i 37°C, bakterie grupy coli, bakterie kałowe grupy coli oraz paciorkowce kałowe. Do badań wytypowano 3 stanowiska usytuowane w pobliżu najgłębszych miejsc jeziora, w różniących się od siebie w sposób znaczący pod względem morfometrycznym częściach jeziora (Ploso Północne, Ploso Szyja i Ploso Zachodnie). Wody pelagialu i profundalu jeziora Wigry na badanym obszarze Plos wykazywały tylko nieznaczne zanieczyszczenie bakteriologiczne. Większym zanieczyszczeniem charakteryzowały się jedynie niektóre próby wody pobierane na stanowiskach I (w rejonie ujścia rzeki Czarnej Hańczy) i 3 (w rejonie Wyspy Ostrów). Maksymalne liczebności badanych bakterii wskaźnikowych stopnia zanieczyszczenia i stanu sanitarnego stwierdzano na głębokości od I do 5 metrów oraz przy dnie, rzadziej zaś przy powierzchni lub na innych głębokościach. Tylko liczba kałowych bakterii grupy coli osiągała większe wartości na głębokości 5 metrów i niżej. W całym okresie badawczym stwierdzono istotnie dodatnią korelację pomiędzy temperaturą a liczebnością bakterii oznaczanych na agarze odżywczym w temperaturze 20 i 37°C, ujemną zaś dla bakterii grupy coli i kałowych bakterii grupy coli. Z zawartością tlenu istotnie ujemnie skorelowana była liczebność bakterii oznaczanych na agarze odżywczym w temperaturze 20 i 37°C oraz liczba paciorkowców kałowych. Głębokość skorelowana była istotnie ujemnie tylko z liczebnością bakterii oznaczanych na agarze odżywczym w temperaturze 20°C w całym okresie badawczym.

Cephus fumipennis Eversmann is a key insect pest of wheat crops in Qinghai, China. Its field population densities were surveyed by using both the back-loaded insect vacuum and a sweep net. Mean densities in township-level were calculated and a quantitative relation, ŷ = 0.664 + 0214x, was established between the two sampling methods. The empirical relationship may be applicable in density monitoring and Integrated Pest Management program of the insect.

Ambient concentrations of CO, as well as NOx and O3, were measured as a part of the PARADE campaign conducted at the Taunus Observatory on the summit of the Kleiner Feldberg between the 8th of August and 9th of September 2011. These measurements were made in an effort to provide insight into the characteristics of the effects of both biogenic and anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric chemistry in the rural south-western German environment. The overall average CO concentration was found to be 100.3±18.1 ppbv (within the range of 71 to 180 ppbv), determined from 10-min averages during the summer season. The background CO concentration was estimated to be ~90 ppbv. CO and NOx showed bimodal diurnal variations with peaks in the late morning (10:00-12:00 UTC) and in the late afternoon (17:00-20:00 UTC). Strong correlations between CO and NOx indicated that vehicular emission was the major contributor to the notable CO plumes observed at the sampling site. Both local meteorology and backward trajectory analyses suggest that CO plumes were associated with anthropogenically polluted air masses transferred by an advection to the site from densely populated city sites. Furthermore, a good linear correlation of R2 = 0.54 between CO and O3 (∆O3/∆CO=0.560±0.016 ppbv/ppbv) was observed, in good agreement with previous observations

The paper concerns the two-machine non-preemptive flow shop scheduling problem with a total late work criterion

and a common due date (F2|dj = d|Y ). The late work performance measure estimates the quality of a solution with regard

to the duration of late parts of activities performed in the system, not taking into account the quantity of this delay. In the

paper, a few theorems are formulated and proven, describing features of an optimal solution for the problem mentioned, which is

NP-hard. These theorems can be used in exact exponential algorithms (as dominance relations reducing the number of solutions

enumerated explicitly), as well as in heuristic and metaheuristic methods (supporting the construction of sub-optimal schedules

of a good quality).

The paper analyzes various types of international socio-economic relations of Polish voivodeships. They were assessed in terms of: a) the current impact on the territorial brand of Polish regions; b) unused potential in this respect. The study covered the following types of relations: a) migration (territorial brand as a derivative of outmigration from a given area); b) trade relationships (economic relations as the basis for brand promotion); c) tourist relations (territorial brand as a derivative of tourist visits in a given area); d) transport relations as an element defining the region (as poorly or easily accessible in terms of international transport). In summary, the tables presents the impact of individual types of connections on the territorial brand and recommendations resulting from these connections. An initial typology of Polish regions was made in terms of their international position measured by selected indicators and in terms of the objectives of the promotional policy.

On vaccine-related information obtained from the Internet.

The newest book of the renowned Polish linguist Leszek Bednarczuk summarizes his ideas in the field of comparative, areal and typological linguistics and brings some of his original ways out.

This study elucidates the technologies employed in membranebased water purification processes. The theoretical underpinnings of semipermeable membrane functionalities are expounded upon through the lens of Onsager’s reciprocal relations in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, delineating the fluxes and the driving forces that instigate them. Utilising a simplified Onsager matrix tailored for the ion-exchange membrane electrodialysis process, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted. The computations presented herein depict the intricacies of both dialysis and electrodialysis in saline water solutions.

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie zależności tego, co nasze/moje, a Inne/Obce, w myśleniu o konfliktach wokół projektów inwestycyjnych. W przypadku pojawienia się inwestycji związanych z zagospodarowaniem przestrzeni i zasobów Ziemi, zwłaszcza jeśli spowoduje to jakiekolwiek zmiany (realne czy potencjalne), generowane są emocje negatywne, prowadzące do powstania zarzewia konfliktu.

Paradoksalnie udział w konflikcie może nieść ze sobą korzyści dla stron zaangażowanych, choćby takie jak: zaspokojenie potrzeb (uwagi i ważności), realizowanie się w (nowych) rolach społecznych, poznawanie innych punktów widzenia, odnajdywanie się w nowych grupach społecznych czy „zakorzenienie” w lokalności. Żyjąc w „społecznym teatrze życia” każda osoba odgrywa różne role, co może prowadzić do napięcia i poczucia ambiwalencji. W takiej sytuacji jednostka ma poczucie rozproszenia tożsamości mogąc być jednocześnie w kilku opozycyjnych do siebie grupach. Jako przykład posłużyć może tu konflikt wokół projektu górniczego Orzesze. Ten i inne przykłady pokazują, że to, co moje oraz Inne/Obce, przy całej swej odrębności, jest jednak w mniejszy czy większy sposób ze sobą splecione. Fenomen wzajemnych zależności Innego/Obcego i konfliktu może być zatem ciekawym spojrzeniem na problematykę konfliktów w gospodarowaniu przestrzenią i zasobami Ziemi. Konflikty, w tym zwłaszcza okołogórnicze, są niezwykle złożonym zjawiskiem, z wielkim potencjałem – zarówno negatywnym, jak i pozytywnym. Docenienie wymienionych w artykule korzyści, wynikających ze wzajemnych zależności stron zaangażowanych w konflikt, wraz z gotowością wyjścia poza sferę komfortu, dają możliwość zrozumienia i szukania porozumienia prowadzącego do pozytywnej zmiany zgodnej z ideą zrównoważonego rozwoju.

W tej złożonej sytuacji włączenie aspektów nie tylko socjologicznych, ale także psychologicznych staje się ważnym elementem polityki surowcowej państwa i przedsiębiorstw, którego nie można dłużej zaniedbywać.

In this article the author intend to use an epistemological concept and its categories of description to analyse two specially chosen biographies reflecting diverse postmodern life patterns. Postmodernity, or in fact the postmodern order, refers to the concept of order-making dimensions discussed in the previous article concerning hypermodernity. It is treated there as casual and variable with regard to the category of relations and work, and the only certainty for the individual, in regard to future possibilities or necessities, is the individual’s own identity. This article adds the category of resonance to the characteristics of postmodernity, as a synonym for a person’s primary entanglement in the world. It is a category of which individuals are increasingly aware, on which they reflect, and which they make an object of their experience.

Polish-Belgian relations are not just about economics or joint membership in European institutions. Rather, they are a story of centuries-old friendship between two nations that cherish freedom. This was the leitmotif of a conference held on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. The conference took place at the headquarters of the Belgian Ambassador in Poland on 11 April 2019, with Polish Senator Anna Maria Anders in attendance.

We present here a few thoughts regarding topological aspects of transferring a signal of a continuous time into its discrete counterpart and recovering an analog signal from its discrete-time equivalent. In our view, the observations presented here highlight the essence of the above transformations. Moreover, they enable deeper understanding of the reconstruction formula and of the sampling theorem. We also interpret here these two borderline cases that are associated with a time quantization step going to zero, on the one hand, and approaching its greatest value provided by the sampling theorem, on the other

The question of the state affiliation of Upper Silesia which arose after WWI has been treated and perceived by today’s historians, if at all, as a typical German-Polish border conflict. Really however, it was both a European and an international problem of utmost significance. In it, French hegemonic and safety efforts, accumulated in and collided with Britain‘s classic policy of continental equilibrium. Both, Poland with its territorial claim on Upper Silesia and Germany in its struggle to preserve its territorial integrity, thus were not only players of political, diplomatic and military struggles for the second most important European industrial region, but rather objects of the interests of European great powers. This applied even more to the population which was actually to vote in the referendum on Upper Silesia affiliation. However, in its effort to weaken Germany and simultaneously gain control over the Ruhr, France favoured its ally Poland, to a much greater extent than Britain could in respect of Germany.

In the present paper, the damage of fiber-reinforced composite laminates is considered with the aim to examine the change of their mechanical properties. The crucial issue for theoretical analysis is to construct constitutive relations, which talce into account the development of damage, along with stress and strain. The paper is mainly focused on this problem. In order to derive an adequate description, the author employs an approach based on polynomial invariants functions and invariants integrity basis by Adkins.

The problem of mutual relations between philosophy and theology has been a challenge since Christian antiquity and disputes about the role of pagan philosophy in theological deliberations. In the Middle Ages, a model of creative cooperation between the two sciences was developed, but in modern times, as a result of the progressing processes of secularization, philosophy began to oppose theology. In contemporary times, the references of philosophical sciences to theology are not easy and escape unambiguousness. The article reflects on the contemporary relationship between philosophy and theology and asks what conditions must be met for a creative dialogue between the two sciences to take place. When does theology become interesting for a philosopher, and when is it a relic of its former glory, with nothing to offer it today? The analysis undertaken in the article contributes to the title problem, important both from the point of view of contemporary theology and humanistic culture.

Podwaliny [Foundations], the poem written by Leopold Staff right after the war and carrying traces of a profound trauma, takes advantage of the motifs drawn from the biblical parable of good and bad construction practices (Gospel According to St Matthew, 7:24–27). In her interpretation of the poem, the author analyses the way(s) in which the biblical paradigm has been transformed, and the consequences of this procedure. Use is made of the opinions of the scholars who have reconstructed the primary function of parabolic stories, having identified in them the original forms of thinking which preceded the evolvement of abstract concepts encoding qualities.

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza prasoznawcza „Dialogu. Magazynu Polsko-Niemieckiego”/„Dialog. Deutsch-Polnisches Magazin”, największego w Europie dwujęzycznego projektu prasowego, będącego forum debaty pomiędzy Polakami i Niemcami. Pomimo braku stabilności finansowej nieprzerwanie od 1987 roku wydawca „Dialogu” porusza na jego łamach aktualne polityczne, kulturowe i gospodarcze aspekty bilateralnych stosunków, przyczyniając się do lepszego zrozumienia narodów o trudnej historii.

The presented material is a concise report of the research on the ‘condition’ of initial teacher education provided at universities in Poland in accordance with ‘new’ Ministry standards of 17 January 2012. In the analysis of data collected from 30 universities in May 2015, we focused on models of the organisation of this part of teaching at universities, the ways of constructing the professional curricula, the role and place of practice in the learning processes and the strategy of assessment of the preparation for teaching. Our research result is not quite optimistic. Under the ‘new label’ of standards we still have quasi-traditional approach to initial teacher education. In acquiring the new professional competencies students do not get real support from their academic and school partners. They are not very interesting in building opportunities for transforming learning aiming at transforming teaching

The paper presents Gupta's relational decomposition technique expanded on linguistic level. It allows to reduce the hardware cost of the fuzzy system or the computing time of the final result, especially when referring to First Aggregation Then Inference (FATI) relational systems or First Inference Then Aggregation (FITA) rule systems. The inference result of the hierarchical system using decomposition technique is more fuzzy than of the classical system. The paper describes a linguistic decomposition technique based on partitioning the knowledge base of the fuzzy inference system. It allows to decrease or even totally remove a redundant fuzziness of the inference result.

Podsektor górnictwa węgla kamiennego jest istotną gałęzią polskiego przemysłu. Można powiedzieć, że węgiel jest krajowym fundamentem surowcowym. Wynika to z faktu, że Polska jest liderem w Unii Europejskiej zarówno pod względem wydobycia węgla kamiennego, jak również jego wykorzystania do produkcji energii elektrycznej oraz ciepła. Wokół górnictwa węgla kamiennego, to jest przedsiębiorstw, których celem jest wydobywanie surowca, powstało i rozwinęło się wiele firm, których działalność zależy od kondycji firm górniczych i współpracy z nimi: handlowych, usługowych i doradczych, nazywanych przedsiębiorstwami okołogórniczymi. Niniejszy artykuł omawia wyniki badań ankietowych przedsiębiorstw okołogórniczych, takich jak: producenci maszyn i urządzeń górniczych, przedsiębiorstwa usługowe powiązane z górnictwem oraz placówki naukowo-badawcze i projektowe o profilu związanym z górnictwem, w których oceniono stopień ich zależności od przedsiębiorstw górniczych. Za miarę kondycji przedsiębiorstw okołogórniczych przyjęto wielkość płatności publicznoprawnych wnoszonych na rzecz budżetu państwa i budżetów lokalnych. Podniesiono problem wielkości strat dla finansów publicznych w wyniku znaczących ograniczeń przypływów finansowych z przedsiębiorstw górniczych. Badaniami ankietowymi objęto firmy zrzeszone w Górniczej Izbie Przemysłowo-Handlowej (GIPH). Na tej podstawie sformułowano wnioski dotyczące zależności przedsiębiorstw okołogórniczych od sytuacji podsektora górniczego.

In studying contemporary transformations of social relations and family life, researchers and social theorists have been focused on the increased diversity of forms of bonding, coupling and other interpersonal connections. When single people are discussed, either it is to emphasize the disintegration of their ties and the crisis of the family, or their single life is considered as an identity choice. The aim of this text is to look at the experience of singleness not by choice among contemporary corporate employees in Poland and to try to set this experience against the background of a broader social reality, especially the reality of professional work. The text also examines the relationship between relational forms (including being single) and the social system in late capitalism. The experiences of people who are not single by choice are discussed and contrasting variants for people whose single situation is associated with low interpersonal skills and for those with an interactional proficiency are distinguished. In the conclusion, the authors are looking for patterns of connection between being unwillingly single and operating on the late capitalist labour market.

The latest global trends have led to significant changes in the nature of the world’s economic development. This impact has been particularly strong within the energy sector, forcing many countries to change their approaches to energy management. It is consequently relevant to consider this industry’s current state worldwide. In this research, we have examined the current situation of Australia’s energy sector as well as its prospects for development. In this way, the research focuses on assessing the country’s investment climate in the sector and the potential for further changes within it. The methods used in the study include analysis, modeling, forecasting, induction and deduction. Within the research, the impact that global trends, which are currently representative of the global energy market, have had on the development of this industry in Australia are assessed. Additionally, the inner specifics of the changes within the sector are described and investigated. In particular, the Australian energy sector development strategy is briefly described and trends in renewable and conventional energy production are assessed. The authors also describe the country’s prospects with regard to the current international energy market situation and the possible risks. This publication creates a new understanding in the energy sector, particularly in Australia, and its renewable and conventional components. Additionally, new data is being generated as part of the country’s economic research.