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Number of results: 23
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Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine rumination time (RT) and the subsequent milk yield, along with trait changes during lactation dependent on the reproductive status of dairy cows. 728 cows were selected for evaluation in regards to 1–150 days of milk production (DIM). According to their period of lactation and reproductive status, the cows were selected for the following groups: Inseminated (1–35 days after insemination, n=182), Open (45–90 days after calving, n=126), Fresh (1–44 days after calving, n=45); Not-pregnant (>35–60 days after inse- mination and not-pregnant, n=55); Pregnant (35–60 days after insemination and pregnant (n=320). The animals were milked with Lely Astronaut® A3 milking robots. The daily milk yield, rumination time, bodyweight, milk composition (fat, protein, lactose, somatic cell count and gynecological status date) were collected from the Lely T4C management program for analysis. We estimated the lowest productivity in the pregnant cows, where the average milk yield was 28.72 kg and the highest productivity in the fresh cow (p<0.001) (Table 1). The longest rumina- tion time was determined for the inseminated cows, statistically significantly higher at 9.92% (p<0.001) than in the non-pregnant cows, whose rumination time was the shortest. The statisti- cally reliably RT positively correlated with productivity (r=0.384, p<0.001) of the cows (from r=0.302 in the second lactation and r=0.471 in the first lactation to r=0.561 in multiparous cows; p<0.001). Rumination time, according to groups of cows by milk yield, had a tendency to increase (2.14 times) from 202.0± 87.38 (in cows with a productivity of less than 10 kg milk) to 431.6±33.91 (in cows with a milk yield higher than 50 kg) by the linear regression equation: y = 38.02x + 232, R² = 0.721 (p<0.001). The relation between the gynecological status and milk fat-protein ratio of the cows was statistically significant (χ2=2.974, df= 8, p <0.0001). The longest rumination time was determined for the inseminated cows (1 – 35 days after insemination), and the shortest for the not-pregnant cows (>35 – 60 days after insemination and not-pregnant). We can conclude that rumination time, subsequent yield, and milk trait change depends on the period of lactation and reproductive status of a dairy cow.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Antanaitis
V. Žilaitis
V. Juozaitienė
A. Noreika
A. Rutkauskas
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Abstract

Our macroscopic observations and microscopic studies conducted by means of a light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) concerning the reproduction biology of Colobanthus quitensis (Caryophyllaceae) growing in natural conditions in the Antarctic and in a greenhouse in Olsztyn (northern Poland) showed that this plant develops two types of bisexual flowers: opening, chasmogamous flowers and closed, cleistogamous ones. Cleistogamy was caused by a low temperature, high air humidity and strong wind. A small number of microspores differentiated in the microsporangia of C. quitensis , which is typical of cleistogamous species. Microsporocytes, and later micro − spores, formed very thick callose walls. More than twenty spheroidal, polypantoporate pollen grains differentiated in the microsporangium. They germinated on the surface of receptive cells on the dry stigma of the gynoecium or inside the microsporangium. A monosporic embryo sac of the Polygonum type differentiated in the crassinucellar ovule. During this differentiation the nucellus tissue formed and stored reserve materials. In the development of generative cells, a male germ unit (MGU) with differentiated sperm cells was observed. The smaller cell contained mainly mitochondria, and the bigger one plastids. In the process of fertilization in C. quitensis only one nucleus of the sperm cell, without cytoplasm fragments, entered the egg cell, and the proembryo developed according to the Caryophyllad type. Almost all C. quitensis ovules developed and formed perispermic seeds with a completely differentiated embryo both under natural conditions in the Antarctic and in a greenhouse in Olsztyn.
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Authors and Affiliations

Irena Giełwanowska
Anna Bochenek
Ewa Gojło
Ryszard Górecki
Wioleta Kellmann
Marta Pastorczyk
Ewa Szczuka
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Abstract

By duplicating the binaural pressures of an actual source, transaural reproduction with two frontal loudspeakers is expected to recreate a virtual source in arbitrary direction. However, experiments indicated that in static transaural reproduction, the perceived virtual source is usually limited to the frontalhorizontal plane. The reasons for this limitation, as guessed, are that, in static reproduction, the dynamic cues for front-back and vertical localisation are incorrect, and the high-frequency spectral cues are unstable with head movement. To validate this hypothesis, the variations of ITD (interaural time difference) caused by head turning in both static and dynamic transaural reproductions are analysed. The results indicate that dynamic reproduction is able to create appropriate low-frequency ITD variations, and the static transaural reproduction is unable to do so. Psychoacoustic experiments are conducted to compare virtual source localisation in static and dynamic reproductions. The results indicate that dynamic reproduction is able to recreate the front, back, and vertical virtual source for low-pass stimuli below 3 kHz, while for full audible bandwidth stimulus, appropriate low-frequency dynamic cue and unstable high-frequency spectral cues in dynamic reproduction result in two splitting virtual sources.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lulu Liu
1
Bosun Xie
1

  1. Acoustic Lab, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
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Abstract

Tea mosquito bugs (TMB; Helopeltis bradyi, Hemiptera, Miridae) are a main pest in tea and cacao plantations worldwide. Pheromone-mediated mating disruption (MD) is a promising strategy to manage TMB populations. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the simultaneous effect of TMB female delayed mating (1, 3 and 5 days delayed mating) and pairing duration (1 day, 5 days, and entire lifespan) on several reproductive parameters. Results showed that female delayed mating obviously affected egg number, egg viability, and offspring number, but male delayed mating did not show such effects. Shortened pairing durations had a significant effect on egg viability and offspring number but not on egg number. Increased delayed mating and pairing duration negatively affected adult longevity. In general, we noted that TMB reproductive performance is vulnerable to delayed mating and shortened pairing durations, thus providing essential guidance for the implementation of MD strategies of TMB in the field.
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Authors and Affiliations

Indriani Feberati Putri
1
Suputa Suputa
1
Alan Soffan
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Abstract

In this study, the effects of isoxsuprine hydrochloride applied 14 and 15 days after insemination in Anatolian Merino Sheep on lamb yield and some blood parameters were investigated. The research was conducted during the breeding season and 54 ewes inseminated on the same day were used. The ewes were assigned to three groups. Group I: For the placebo effect, physiological saline was injected on the 14th day into half of the control group and on the 15th day into the other half after insemination (n=18). Group II: Tocolytic drug was injected on the 14th day after insemination (n=18). Grop III: Tocolytic drug was injected on the 15th day after insemination (n=18). As the tocolytic drug, isoxsuprine hydrochloride (HCl) 3 ml (Utelax, Sanovel, Türki̇ye) was used intramuscularly. The number of pregnant and viviparous ewes, single and multiple birth ewes, lambs per viviparous ewes were determined as reproductive parameters. Blood progesterone, cortisol and calcium concentration were determined. As a result, it was determined that the single application of isoxsuprine hydrochloride (3 ml) in the implantation period did not have a positive or negative effect on reproductive parameters, and did not change the blood progesterone, calcium and cortisol concentration in ewes.
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Authors and Affiliations

N.K. Akbulut
1
Y. Kal
1

  1. Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Intitute, Ereğli St. No 10Y Karatay / Konya, Türki̇ye
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary zeolite clinoptilolite on re- productive performance, serum progesterone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentra- tions in 78 Holstein Friesian (HF) cows during pregnancy and lactation. The cows were divided into two groups comprising 40 (control group; CON) and 38 (CPL group) cows. To assess repro- ductive performance of HF cows the following variables were registered: the interval from calv- ing to first insemination (days open to first service, DFS), the interval from calving to pregnancy (days open to pregnancy, DOP), and the number of services per pregnancy (NSP). The average values of progesterone (5.64±0.59 ng/mL vs. 5.16±0.64 ng/mL) were not statistically different (p<0.05) and IGF-1 levels (400.17±17.72 ng/mL vs. 348.36±20.39 ng/mL) were higher in the CON than in the CPL group which received 50 g of clinoptilolite twice a day. However, in the CPL group ovarian cyclity resumed on days 40 and 60 postpartum. In addition, DFS (p<0.05) and DOP (p>0.05) were shorter in the CPL than in the CON group (115.1±19.9 and 137.5±36.3 days vs. 124.2±17.3 and 143.8±33.5 days, respectively). During 305 days of lactation, milk production was higher in the CPL vs. CON (8325.5±628.8 kg vs. 8050±586.8 kg). The NSP was lower in the CPL than in CON group (1.91 vs. 2.14). The dietary clinoptilolite supplement had a positive in- fluence on milk yield, exhibited modulating effects on endocrine status of dairy cows, and im- proved reproductive performance, with the decreased NSP, and fewer DFS and DOP.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Đuričić
S. Vince
M. Lojkić
S. Jelušić
R. Turk
H. Valpotić
D. Gračner
N. Maćešić
I. Folnožić
Z. Šostar
M. Samardžija
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Abstract

Nickel damages the male reproductive system. We investigated the beneficial effects of silibinin which has metal-chelating and antioxidant properties over nickel toxicity. Both antioxidative effects in testes and overall effects related to sperm motility, membrane and acrosome integrity of orally administered Silibinin were evaluated against the harmful effects of 30 day of intraperitoneal nickel sulfate (5 mg/kg/day) administration in rats. Male rats were randomized into control (Group1; n=6) and three experimental groups (n=6, each): Group2 Nickel sulfate (5 mg/kg/day), Group3 Silibinin (150 mg/kg/day), and Group 4 Nickel sulfate (5 mg/kg/day) + Silibinin (150 mg/kg/day). We found higher sperm motility, viable sperm and total sperm count in Groups 3 and 4 than the Group 2 treatment groups and the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was similar in both groups (Groups 2 and 4). Increased apoptosis, activation of caspase3, 8, 9 and TUNEL were detected in Group 2. However, activation of caspase3, 8, 9 and TUNEL was reduced in Group 4. The protective effects of silibinin were demonstrated on histopathologic findings and some sperm parameters (sperm motility percentage, viable spermatozoa, sperm count, and abnormal spermatozoa percentage) in rats exposed to nickel.
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Authors and Affiliations

F. Temamogullari
1
A. Atessahin
2
C. Cebi Sen
3
N. Yumusak
4
M.S. Dogru
5

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Harran, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 63200 Şanlıurfa, Turkey
  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Fırat, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 23119 Elazığ, Turkey
  3. Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, University of Harran, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 63200 Şanlıurfa, Turkey
  4. Department of Pathology, University of Harran, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 63200 Şanlıurfa, Turkey
  5. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Aksaray, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 6800 Aksaray, Turkey
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Abstract

This study investigated changes in the real-time measured levels of milk β-hydroxybutyrate according milk yield, lactation number and status of reproduction in dairy cows. A total of 378 cows were selected. According to their reproductive status the cows were classified as belonging to the following groups: Fresh (1 – 44 days after calving. n=43). Open (45 – 65 days after calving. n=78), Inseminated (1 – 35 days after insemination. n=133). Pregnant (35 – 60 days after insemination and pregnant (relatively pregnant) (n=124). The cows were milked with DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden) in combination with a Herd Navigator (Lattec I/S. Hillerød. Denmark) analyser. We observed that milk β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) had a tendency of increasing with an increase of lactation number. The average BHB in multiparous cows was 11.111% higher in comparison with primiparous cows (p<0.001). We found higher BHB concentration in the multiparous cows in all reproduction status groups (p<0.001). A strong positive statistically significant (p<0.001) relationship has been found between BHB and the average milk yield within all groups of primiparous cows although we found a statistically unreliable coefficient of correlation (from -0.202 to 0.057) between highest milk yield and BHB in primiparous and multiparous cows.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Antanaitis
V. Juozaitienė
M. Televičius
D. Malašauskienė
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility to predict outcomes of artificial insemi- nation (AI) in dairy cows based on in-line milk progesterone (P4) concentration. The research was carried out on the herd of loose housing 245 dairy cows of 2-4 lactations, with average milk yielding 11.000 kg per cow. Milk sampling, measuring, and recording of milk P4 concentration was carried out using the Herd Navigator (HN). The grouping was performed according to the following three indices: the first by reproductive condition – pregnant or not pregnant after AI, the second by P4 concentration from day 20 before AI to day 20 after AI, and the third by P4 concentration at AI time. There was a significant difference in P4 concentration in the group of pregnant cows from day 15 to day 9 before AI, and it was by 18.3% higher com- pared to that in the group of non-pregnant cows in the said period (p<0.01). The milk P4 concen- trations began to differ mostly from day 10 after AI. At that time, the average P4 concentration in the group of pregnant dairy cows was by 36.8% higher compared to that in the group of non-pregnant cows (p<0.01). A statistically significant difference between the ratio of the cows with high, medium, and low P4 concentration on days 20-16 before AI (p<0.01) was determined. The highest number of cows with up to 2-3 ng/ml P4 concentration became pregnant at the AI time.
In-line milk P4 records captured on day 10-15 before AI can be used to predict the proper for reproduction period. By P4 concentrations on day10 after AI, the ratio of pregnant cows in herd can be assessed.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Gavelis
1
A. Juozaitis
2
R. Japertienė
1
G. Palubinskas
1
V. Juozaitienė
1
V. Žilaitis
3

  1. Department of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, Kaunas, Lithuania
  2. Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary Academy,Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, Kaunas, Lithuania
  3. Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Abstract

Observations indicate a constantly decreasing mean age of shoal. In consecutive years of investigations a loss of older individuals was recorded. At present the catches consist of 3—14 years old fishes; 9—10 years old dominate. During the austral summer the fish most probably do not migrate. The shoal of the shelf maintains approximately constant frequency and dominance in classes of length.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Edward Skóra
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Abstract

The authors report the first discovery of diploid populations of Hieracium naegelianum Panč. subsp. naegelianum and H. naegelianum subsp. ljubotenicum Behr & Zahn., and give the first chromosome counts for H. cernuum Friv., H. gymnocephalum Griseb. ex Pant., H. sparsum Friv., Pilosella pavichii (Heuff.) Holub and P. serbica (F. W. Schultz & Schultz-Bip.) Szeląg from Macedonia and/or Montenegro. A diploid chromosome count for Hieracium renatae Szeląg is confirmed based on material from the whole distribution range of the species. An emasculation experiment showed that all the analyzed diploid Hieracium taxa reproduce sexually.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Szeląg
Tomasz Ilnicki
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Abstract

The article discusses the complex issues related to 19th-century reproductive prints. Its starting point is the oeuvre of Feliks Stanisław Jasiński, a Polish engraver who was mainly active in France. He specialized in reproductive prints of works of art, and is a relatively well- -known and researched figure in the history of Polish graphic arts. Outlining the context for his activities also becomes a contribution to reflections on the place of reproductive prints in 19th century artistic culture, as well as an attempt to define a framework for considering this type of graphic production. In citing various examples of modern reproductive graphics, its diversity is proven. Theses on the primacy of the criterion of “fidelity” and technological determination in the history of reproduction are rejected. Instead, the complex links between this field and various aspects of artistic culture are pointed out. Particular emphasis is placed on the links between the functions, form and production methods of such prints. Chief consideration is given to the type of reproductive graphics made by using traditional metal techniques, which apart from their informative functions, also performed important artistic functions, as evidenced by the described phenomena occurring within this field in the second half of the 19th century, and the accompanying written tradition, formed since the 18th century.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Ubysz-Piasecka
1

  1. Uniwersytet Warszawski
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Abstract

Knowing the tritrophic interactions between plant-virus-insect is important in developing sustainable pest management practices. Myzus persicae is a well-known plant viral vector which can transmit over 40 plant viruses. We studied the impact of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection in Nicotiana tabacum on the colony development of M. persicae to understand how plant virus infection can affect vector growth and reproduction. Aphid growth, reproduction and fecundity were significantly affected by the virus infection. The mean relative growth rate of M. persicae on healthy plants was 0.29 mg–1 · mg–1 · day–1 and was significantly higher than that of CMV-infected plants (0.23 mg–1 · mg–1 · day–1). In contrast, the percentage of survival was significantly higher on CMV-infected plants. The estimated survival percentages of aphids at 20 days after introduction to CMV-infected and healthy plants were 55.8 and 25.8%, respectively. Therefore, the total population of aphids on CMVinfected plants was significantly higher on the 25th day after the introduction of aphids. The total population of aphids on the CMV-infected plants was 1,225 compared to that of healthy plants which was 713. Similarly, mean fecundity over a 30 day observation period was 61.25 and 35.65 for aphids grown on CMV-infected and healthy plants, respectively. Jasmonic acid (JA) upstream gene OPR3 and downstream gene COI1 was measured to quantify the changes in JA expression in the plants under the virus infection. Both genes tested were significantly downregulated in CMV-infected plants. From our results, it was evident that the JA related insect resistance was reduced in CMV-infected plants and hence aphid colony development was increased.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wikum Harshana Jayasinghe
1
Athuruliye Liyana Arachchige Romesh Ruwan Thanuja
2
Dineesha Nipuni Balagalla
3

  1. Department of Agricultural Biology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  2. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, United States
  3. Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to show possibility and advantages of initial control plane reproduction for an adaptive fuzzy controller. Usually the fuzzy control is used when the object is not very well known. Yet the truth is, however, that some, at least general information about the object, is available. Usually, in such a case, optimization algorithms are used to tune the control structure. The purpose of this article is to show how to find a starting point that is closer to optimum than a statistically random point, and this way to obtain better results in a shorter time.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Derugo
Mateusz Żychlewicz
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Abstract

Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) is a viral disease of poultry. Although the disease has a milder clinical course in turkeys than in chickens, reproductive flocks of turkeys are vaccinated against AE. Commercial AE ELISA kits are specifically designed for chickens, which makes it difficult to implement these tests in serological monitoring of turkey flocks. The aim of the study was to compare the AE serological results provided by two ELISA kits from different producers when testing an AE-vaccinated flock of turkey hens and their progeny. We detected differences in the sensitivity of the ELISAs for testing specific anti-AE antibody levels in turkey serum samples.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Śmiałek
1
J. Kowalczyk
1
B. Ogonowska-Woźniak
2
A. Koncicki
1

  1. Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
  2. Hybrid Turkeys, Budowlana 2A, 10-424 Olsztyn, Poland
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Abstract

The development of in vitro embryo production (IVEP) techniques in Felis catus is a fitting model with potential application to the conservation of endangered felid species. To improve the quality of IVEP techniques an appropriate balance of pro- and antioxidants should be provided. Under in vitro conditions, high levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) mRNA provide a defence mechanism against oxidative stress for embryos. In order to improve the development of cat oocytes, the effects of SOD and CAT supplemented to in vitro maturation (IVM) medium and of GPx supplemented to in vitro fertilization (IVF) medium on development and embryo production in vitro were evaluated. Data showed an increase of 70 and 77 % of cleaved embryo and blastocyst formation, respectively, in the experiment with SOD and CAT addition to IVM medium; in the experiment with GPx addition to IVF medium the number of cleaved embryos doubled and the number of embryos increased by 96 %. Therefore, our results were positive and encourage us to continue studies on cat oocytes evaluating the effects of various dosages and combination of antioxidants.

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Authors and Affiliations

N. Cocchia
S. Tafuri
C. Del Prete
V. Palumbo
L. Esposito
L. Avallone
F. Ciani
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Abstract

Tonnacypris glacialis (G.O. Sars, 1890) is a meiobenthic species widely distributed in Arctic freshwater lakes. Field study of its life cycle as well as the laboratory experiments showed clearly that only one generation of this ostracod species occurs during the vegetation season, and that the condition necessary for the next generation to appear is eggs freezing.

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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Wojtasik
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Abstract

The head-related transfer function (HRTF) is dependent on the position of the sound source (both direction and distance) and is also affected by individual anatomical parameters. Individualized HRTFs have been shown to affect the perception of sound direction, but have not been considered in distance perception. This work aims to discover, by means of psychoacoustic experiments for a virtual reproduction system through a pair of in-ear headphones, the effect of individualized HRTF on auditory distance perception for a nearby sound source. The individualized HRTFs of six subjects and the non-individualized HRTFs of a mannequin at seven distances between 0.2 and 1.0 m and five lateral azimuths between 45X and 135X in the horizontal plane were processed with white noise to generate binaural signals. Further, the individualized and non-individualized HRTFs were used in the auditory distance perception experiments. Results of distance perception show that the variance of distance perception results among subjects is significant, the reason could be the stimuli are lack of dynamic cue and early reflections, or the auditory difference of distance perception among subjects. However, via the analyses of mean slope of perceptual distance and correlation between the perceptual and real distance, we find that the individualized HRTF cue has insignificant influence on distance perception.

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Authors and Affiliations

Guangzheng Yu
Liliang Wang
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Abstract

Thymus, an important central immune organ in pigs, is the site of T lymphocyte development and maturation and an important target organ for infection and replication of various pathogens. Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) infection results in severe thymic atrophy in piglets. This study aimed to explore the effects of HP-PRRSV on the thymic structure of piglets to elucidate the pathogenesis of thymic atrophy induced by HP-PRRSV. In this study, histopathological techniques and immunofluorescence double staining techniques were used to analyze thymic tissues infected by HP-PRRSV to explore the structural changes of thymus caused by the viral infection and its target cell types. An antibody of cluster of differentiation (CD) 3 (CD3), CD20, CD80, or calgranulin + calprotectin was applied to identify T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages, respectively. The results indicated that a variety of cell components in the thymic tissue were diffusely damaged after viral infection. In the infected thymic tissue, CD80- or calgranulin + calprotectin- -labeled cells supported the HP-PRRSV infection, whereas CD3-labeled T cells and CD20- -labeled B cells did not support the viral infection. The results showed that HP-PRRSV caused the reduction of visible cell components in the thymic tissue, and the virus attacked CD80- and calgranulin + calprotectin-positive cells (such as DCs and macrophages) in the thymic tissue, which played an important role in the pathogenesis of thymus atrophy. These results lay the foundation for elucidating the immunosuppression of piglets after infection with HP-PRRSV.
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Authors and Affiliations

Q. Liu
1
Y.-Y. Yu
1
H.-Y. Wang
1

  1. Nanchong Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention, Control and Detection in Livestock and Poultry, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong 637131, China
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Abstract

Classical swine fever (CSF) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) are responsible for major economic losses and represent a threat to the swine industry worldwide. Routine surveillance serology for CSF and PRRS viruses is critical to maintaining the health status of sow farms in Hunan Province, which is one of the top pig production provinces in China. The aim of our study was to investigate the serological statistics of CSF virus (CSFV) and PRRS virus (PRRSV) in Hunan Province. The cohort serum samples were collected from vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs. Our findings showed that the average rates of CSFV and PRRSV antibody seropositivity were 82.2% (95% CI: 80.1-84.3) and 84.8% (95% CI: 82.5-87.1), respectively, in the immunized group and that these rates were higher than those in the unvaccinated group (58.6% for CSFV and 47.8% for PRRSV). Additionally, the level of CSFV antibody in piglet serum declined gradually with age, whereas PRRSV-specific antibody level increased initially (1 to 2 weeks old) and then declined with age (2 to 4 weeks old). In summary, we investigated the difference in CSFV/PRRSV antibody levels among piglets at various weeks old (1 to 4 weeks) to further establish the duration of maternal immunity in piglets. In addition, routine monitoring of CSFV/PRRSV antibodies in immunized pigs was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination.
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Authors and Affiliations

H. Yu
1
L. Zhang
1
Y. Cai
1
Z. Hao
2
Z. Luo
3
T. Peng
1
L. Liu
N. Wang
1
G. Wang
1
Z. Deng
1
Y. Zhan
1

  1. Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
  2. Yongzhou Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Affairs Center, Yongzhou, Hunan 425000, China
  3. Dingcheng Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Affairs Center, Changde, Hunan 415100, China
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Abstract

The purpose of the article is to give an overview of two extensive sets of graphics reproductions of European Old Masters painting taken from album publications at the beginning of the 19th century. The first set of prints is a French catalogue-compendium Annales du Musée Napoleon, with illustrations by Charles Normand, the second is an album Kupferstiche von John, containing copper engravings by Friedrich John. The present article was an attempt to characterize both groups of reproduction prints in connection with the ideas of the time on the importance of Old Master schools of painting as well as artistic circles and the artists themselves, then widely used in contemporary publications on European art and the documentation of Old Masters paintings in private and museum collections.
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Authors and Affiliations

Filip Chmielewski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie
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Abstract

This paper uses a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to reduce total tardiness in an identical parallel machine scheduling problem. The proposed GA is a crossover-free (vegetative reproduction) GA but used for four types of mutations (Two Genes Exchange mutation, Number of Jobs mutation, Flip Ends mutation, and Flip Middle mutation) to make the required balance between the exploration and exploitation functions of the crossover and mutation operators. The results showed that use of these strategies positively affects the accuracy and robustness of the proposed GA in minimizing the total tardiness. The results of the proposed GA are compared to the mathematical model in terms of the time required to tackle the proposed problem. The findings illustrate the ability of the propounded GA to acquire the results in a short time compared to the mathematical model. On the other hand, increasing the number of machines degraded the performance of the proposed GA.
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Authors and Affiliations

Saleem Zeyad RAMADAN
Najat ALMASARWAH
Esraa S. ABDELALL
Gursel A. SUER
Nibal T. ALBASHABSHEH
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Abstract

In virtual acoustics or artificial reverberation, impulse responses can be split so that direct and reflected components of the sound field are reproduced via separate loudspeakers. The authors had investigated the perceptual effect of angular separation of those components in commonly used 5.0 and 7.0 multichannel systems, with one and three sound sources respectively (Kleczkowski et al., 2015, J. Audio Eng. Soc. 63, 428-443). In that work, each of the front channels of the 7.0 system was fed with only one sound source. In this work a similar experiment is reported, but with phantom sound sources between the front loud- speakers. The perceptual advantage of separation was found to be more consistent than in the condition of discrete sound sources. The results were analysed both for pooled listeners and in three groups, according to experience. The advantage of separation was the highest in the group of experienced listeners.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Kleczkowski
Aleksandra Król
Paweł Małecki

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