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Number of results: 69
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Abstract

The article presents a method of designing single-chamber rectangular detention reservoirs based on nomographs connecting the parameters and the shape of the inflow with the reservoir hydrograph (triangular, described by the power function and described by the gamma distribution) as well as the hydraulic characteristics of the accumulation chamber and the orifice. The preparation of nomographs involved using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) program with the application of numerical calculations’ results of a differential equation for the stormwater volume balance. The performed analyses confirm a high level of similarity between the results of calculating the reservoir volume obtained by using the above mentioned program and using the developed nomographs. The examples of calculations presented in the paper confirm the application aspects of the discussed method of designing the detention reservoir. Moreover, based on the conducted analyses it was concluded that the inflow hydrograph described by the gamma distribution has the greatest impact on the reservoir’s storage volume, whereas the hydrograph whose shape in the rise and recession phases is described by the power function has the smallest effect.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bartosz Szeląg
Maciej Mrowiec
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Abstract

Changes in capacity of water reservoir Cedzyna during its exploitation since 1972 till 2003 are presented in the paper. Analyses were based on cross sections of the reservoir’s basin from before its fulfillment (1967) and those measured with the echo sounder Ceeducer in 2003. Silting of reser-voir was predicted based on empirical methods. The volume of reservoir was found to decrease by 112.8 thousand m3 during 31 years of its exploitation and reservoir’s life span was assessed at 685 years. An error analysis was additionally made of calculating the surface area of a cross section at varying number of sounding sites. It was found that there was no need to note too many coordinates and depths and for the Cedzyna reservoir the distance between measurement sites up to 16 m was sufficient.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Bodulski
Jarosław Górski
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine changes in species composition and density of ciliates in an adjacent river, ccotone and reservoir zone (Zemborzycki Reservoir, Eastern Poland). Quality and quantity structure of planktonie ciliates showed visible differences between studied zones; the highest species diversity and abundance were observed in the ecotone (water/water). The lowest species diversity and abundance were noted in the Bystrzyca River. Independent on the zone, ciliates community was dominated by bacterivorous species with the lowest proportions of algivorous tax a. The present study showed that density of protozooplankton rose with the increase of nutrients delivery and TOC concentration in water.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Mieczan
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Tarkowska-Kukuryk
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Abstract

The contents of total P and its bioavailable forms. as well as of Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, and OM in the bottom sediments of the Solina-Myczkowce (S-E Poland) cascade of reservoirs, are presented. Notwithstanding a relatively low calcium content, it is the apatite fraction that accounts for the largest share of total phosphorus in the shallower parts of the Solina and Myczkowce Reservoirs. In turn, while contents of iron and aluminium (and manganese in the Solina Reservoir) are high, the fraction containing non-apatite inorganic phosphorus accounts for the smallest portion of the total phosphorus in the bottom sediments of both reservoirs. Bottom sediments of the Solina Reservoir are also characterised by significant correlations between total phosphorus content and aluminium content. Otherwise, significant correlations are reported for only some of the stations at each of the reservoirs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lilianna Bartoszek
Janusz A. Tomaszek
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Abstract

Structure of fish communities of five small water reservoirs located near the Chodelka river was investigated during the years 2002, 2008 and 2016. In the analyzed water bodies seven fish were noted, representing four families: Cyprinidae (4 species) and Esocidae, Cobitidae, Peri-cidae and Ictaluridae (1 species each). In the structure of collected fish one protected species (M. fossilis) and one alien species (C. auratus gibelio) were presented. Domination structure of ichthyofauna showed considerable differences. Among the dominant species were: R. rutilus (all five reservoir) and C. auratus. The percentage of each fish species in the biomass was slightly different in relation to the structure of domination expressed by the number of identified individuals. Regardless of the reservoir, larger share held: E. lucius, R. rutilus and C. auratus.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Demetraki-Paleolog
Marcin Kolejko
Joanna Sender
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Abstract

The paper presents the analysis of structure of fish communities in five small postexcavation reservoirs situated in Tyśmienica valley (Polesie Lubelskie). Special attention was paid to the quality of population of lake minnow Eupallasella percnurus. By the time the extensive drainage works were done in the 60s and 70s of the 20th century, Polesie Lubelskie was rich in small water reservoirs. As a result of drainage of wetlands, many of them disappeared. Among those which still exist, most of them are located in the Tyśmienica valley. The study revealed that the studied reservoir inhabited seven fish species representing two families. It was also found that structure of dominance and biomass structure is very diverse. In each reservoir the dominant species was different. The lake minnow E. percnurus was determined in three reservoires.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Demetraki-Paleolog
Marcin Kolejko
Joanna Sender
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Abstract

The results of research of nitrate concentration and loads in the Strzcgomka River have been presented. The researches were carried out in two sampling points: on the inflow and outflow or Dobromierz reservoir. Nitrate concentrations and loads have been described. The influence or reservoir on water quality of the Strzegomka River has been characterised. Great seasonal trends of analysed indicators have been indicated. The influence of improper use of organic fertiliser on the Strzegomka River water quality and eutrophication of Dobromierz reservoir has been pointed out.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Lejcuś
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Abstract

The sorption isotherm and sorption kinetics of NH4+ by the Fen River reservoir sediment were investigated for a better understanding of the NH4+ sorption characteristics and parameters. The results showed that Q (adsorption content) increased with the increase of Ceq (equilibrium concentration), sorption isotherms could be described by Freundlich equation (R2 from 0.97 to 0.99). Cation exchange capacity (CEC) had a significant correlation with the parameters K and n (R2 was 0.85 and 0.95, respectively). The ENC0 (Ceq as Q was zero) of S1, S2, S3 and S4 was 1.25, 0.57, 1.15 and 1.14 mg L-1, respectively, and they were less than the NH4+ concentrations in reservoir water. The sediments released NH4+ to the Fen River reservoir water and acted as a pollution source, in the form of complex and heterogeneous adsorbents. The NH4+ adsorption kinetic process was composed of ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ reaction patterns and could be fitted using both Elovich equation and Pseudo second-equation. More than one-step may be involved in the NH4+ sorption processes, and interior diffusion was not dominant ion action.

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Authors and Affiliations

Hongyan Suna
Xiaoyun Wanga
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Abstract

This article is a continuation of the topic of artificial water bodies in Ukraine, which was started in our previous publication in 2020. It was devoted to accounting and monitoring of ponds at the local and national levels. Reservoirs play important role in water supply for various sectors of the economy. For this reason, much more attention is paid to reservoirs by the State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine (Ukr. Derzhavne ahentstvo vodnykh resursiv Ukrainy), the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine (Ukr. Ministerstvo ekolohii ta pryrodnykh resursiv Ukrainy), scientists and specialists. The main tasks of the article are: to establish patterns of territorial distribution of reservoirs in administrative regions and river basins districts; to identify the role of large and small reservoirs in the balance of river runoff regulation. There are 1054 reservoirs in Ukraine, so it can be considered a country rich in reservoirs. The volume of the cascade of six reservoirs on the Dnieper River and the Dniester Reservoir is 85%, other reservoirs – 15% of the total number. At the same time, there are 1047 other reservoirs (middle, small and very small), which provide for regional needs and which have their own patterns of distribution throughout the country. The main trend in their creation was water supply of industrial regions, in particular Kharkiv, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk and others. About 28% of reservoirs are leased. These reservoirs also require clear accounting and monitoring at the national level, attention from water management and environmental organizations.
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Bibliography

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DUBNYAK S., TIMCHENKO V. 2000. Ecological role of hydrodynamic processes in the Dnieper reservoirs. Ecological Engineering. Vol. 16(1) p. 181–188. DOI 10.1016/S0925-8574(00)00103-8. FAO undated. Aquastat [online]. [Access 30.04.2020]. Available at: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html?lang=en
HREBIN V.V., KHILCHEVSKYI V.K., STASHUK V.A., CHUNAROV O.V., YAROSHEVYCH O.IE. 2014. Vodnyi fond Ukrainy. Shtuchni vodoimy – vodoskhovyshcha i stavky [Water fund of Ukraine: Artificial body of water – reservoirs and ponds]. Eds V.K. Khilchevskyi, V.V. Hrebin. Kyiv. Interpres. ISBN 978- 96501-098-2 pp. 164.
ICOLD 2020. World register of dams. General synthesis [online]. International Commission on Large Dams [Access 01.04.2020]. Available at: https://www.icold-cigb.org/GB/world_register/general_synthesis.asp
KHIL’CHEVSKIY V.K. 1994. Effect of agricultural production on the chemistry of natural waters: A survey. Hydrobiological Journal. Vol. 30(1) p. 82–93.
KHIL’CHEVSKII V.K., KHIL’CHEVSKII R.V., GOROKHOVSKAYA M.S. 1999. Environmental aspects of chemical substance discharge with river flow into water bodies of the Dnieper River basin. Water Resources. Vol. 26(4) p. 453–458.
KHILCHEVSKYI V.K., GREBIN V.V. 2020. Hydrographic monitoring of ponds in Ukraine and their classification by morphometric parameters. Proceedings XIV International Scientific Conference: Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers p. 1–5. DOI 10.3997/2214-4609.202056004.
KHILCHEVSKIY V.K., GREBIN V.V., ZABOKRYTSKA M.R. 2019. Abiotic typology of the rivers and lakes of the Ukrainian section of the Vistula River Basin and its comparison with results of Polish investigations. Hydrobiological Journal. Vol. 55(3) p. 95–102. DOI 10.1615/HydrobJ.v55.i3.110.
KHILCHEVSKYI V., GREBIN V., ZABOKRYTSKA M., ZHOVNIR V., BOLBOT H., PLICHKO L. 2020a. Hydrographic characteristic of ponds distribu-tion in Ukraine – basin and regional features. Journal of Water and Land Development. No. 46 (VII–IX) p. 140–145. DOI 10.24425/jwld.2020.134206.
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Pravyla ekspluatatsii vodoskhovyshch Dnistrovskoho kaskadu HES i HAES pry NPR 77,10 m bufernoho vodoskhovyshcha [Rules for the operation of the Dniester cascade of HPS and PHES reservoirs at NPR 77.10 m buffer tank] 2017 [online]. Kharkiv. Ukrvodproekt pp. 106. [Access 10.04.2020]. Available at: https://uhe.gov.ua/sites/default/files/2018-11/732-39-%D0%A248_ua% 20%281%29.pdf
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Authors and Affiliations

Valentyn Khilchevskyi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vasyl Grebin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sergiy Dubniak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Myroslava Zabokrytska
3
ORCID: ORCID
Hanna Bolbot
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13, Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
  2. Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  3. Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Lutsk, Ukraine
  4. Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Abstract

Structure of fish communities of five small water reservoirs located near the Wieprz--Krzna Canal was investigated during the years 2002, 2008 and 2014. In the analyzed water bod-ies seven fish were noted, representing four families: Cyprinidae (5 species) and Esocidae, Cobi-tidae and Ictaluridae (1 species each). In the structure of collected fish two protected species (M. fossilis and R. sericeus amarus) and one alien species (C. auratus gibelio) were presented. Domination structure of ichthyofauna showed considerable differences. Among the dominant species were: I. nebulosus (all five reservoir), C. auratus (Jabłoń Center 2, Jabłoń Church and Jabłoń Firlej-Ostrówek), and R. rutilus (Jabłoń West and Jabłoń Firlej-Ostrówek). The percentage of each fish species in the biomass was slightly different in relation to the structure of domination expressed by the number of identified individuals. Regardless of the reservoir, larger share held: E. lucius, I. nebulosus and C. auratus Moreover, one of the purpose of the study was searching for a new stands of lake minnow. However, the species was not recorded in fish communities of any of the reservoirs, despite of the ecological state of reservoirs indicating the potential habitat for lake minnow.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Demetraki-Paleolog
Marcin Kolejko
Joanna Sender
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of studies on the influence of the 2010 Vistula flood on the humification process in the bottom sediments of the Goczałkowice Reservoir in southern Poland. Due to its location in the vicinity of farmlands, forests and urbanized areas, the Goczałkowice Reservoir is characterized by amplified and intense humification processes within its sediments. The studies were focused on the determining the influence of the flood wave containing organic and inorganic suspensions on these processes. Humic acids were analyzed using two spectroscopic methods: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Application of these methods allowed to determine the values of free radicals and of the g-factor, which are indicators of oxidation, aromatization and maturation of humic acids during the humification process, as well as the value of the 1650/1720 ratio, reflecting the dissociation of the COOH group to COO− and the formation of complexes of transitional metals with humic acids during the humification process.

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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Czerwieńska
Waldemar Szendera
Waldemar Chmielewski
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Abstract

The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediments of the Blachownia

reservoir (South Poland) was investigated. Spatial variability of PAH concentrations in the longitudinal profi le of the

tank was determined. PAHs in samples were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric

detection (GC-MS QP-2010 Plus Shimadzu) using an internal standard. Concentrations ranged from 0.103 μg/L to

2.667 μg/L (Σ16 PAHs) in water samples and from 2.329 mg/kg d.w. to 9.078 mg/kg d.w. (Σ16 PAHs) in sediment

samples. A pollution balance was calculated and it was estimated that the infl ow load was 17.70 kg PAHs during

the year and the outfl ow load was 9.30 kg PAHs per year. Accumulation of about 50% of the annual PAH loads

(8.90 kg) is a threat to the ecological condition of the ecosystem. It was calculated that the PAH loads in bottom

sediment were about 80 kg, which limits their economic use. Improvement of the ecological status of this type of

reservoir can be achieved by removing the sediment. Analysis of the diagnostic ratios obtained for selected PAHs

showed that the potential sources of PAH emissions in small agricultural – forest catchments can be combustion

of a coal, wood, plant material (low emission, forest fi res, burning grass, etc.). Transportation is also signifi cant.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Kostecki
Izabela Jureczko
Alina Pohl
Marianna Czaplicka
Bartosz Łozowski
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Abstract

Phytophthora citricola constituted about 70% of all Phytophthora isolates recovered from rhododendron leaves used as baits for detection of that group of organisms in water. The species was found in 4 rivers, 2 hardy nursery water reservoirs and nursery drainage canal from May to October, 2006. Analysis of spots’ number on rhododendron leaf baits as a measure of P. citricola density showed that place of holding baits had a significant influence on the species occurrence. Significantly more spots, especially in July survey, were observed on baits held in Skierniewka and Zwierzynka rivers swimming through agricultural and forest area than in Ner, the river of horticultural area. Significantly more spots/rhododendron leaves were observed when they were held in rivers downstream of nursery and in the middle of hardy nursery borders. In nursery water containers and drainage canal higher Phytophthora density was recorded in August than in other periods of surveying. Using water from reservoir for sprinkling of Picea omorika nursery trees caused the development of tip blight and from diseased twigs P. citricola was isolated.

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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek B. Orlikowski
Aleksandra Trzewik
Teresa Orlikowska
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Abstract

While modeling water dynamics in dam reservoirs, it is usually assumed that the flow involves the whole water body. It is true for shallow reservoirs (up to several meters of depth) but may be false for deeper ones. The possible presence of a thermocline creates an inactive bottom layer that does not move, causing all the discharge to be carried by the upper strata. This study compares the results of hydrodynamic simulations performed for the whole reservoir to the ones carried out for the upper strata only. The validity of a non-stratified flow approximation is then discussed.

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Bibliography

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[9] M. Gałek and P. Hachaj. Application of theRMA2/RMA4models to simulate pollution transport in a retention reservoir. In P. Rowinski, editor, Experimental and Computational Solutions of Hydraulic Problems. GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Science, pages 301-313, Springer, 2013. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-30209-1_21.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł S. Hachaj
1
Monika Szlapa
1

  1. Institute of Water Engineering and Water Management, Cracow University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

Currently, due to reduced water resources, there is a need to build reservoirs in Poland. Reservoirs perform important economic, natural and recreational functions in the environment, improve water balance and contribute to fl ood protection. In the construction of reservoirs, it is necessary to consider not only hydrological issues related to water quantity, but also its quality, silting, and many other factors. Therefore, the physiographic, hydrological, hydrochemical, and hydrogeological conditions of the projected reservoirs have to be taken into account to limit the potential negative eff ects of decisions to build them. In order to assess the suitability of eight projected small water retention reservoirs (to increase water resources in the Barycz River catchment in Lower Silesia and Greater Poland provinces, this article takes into account hydrological indicators (efficiency of the reservoir, operation time, dependence on the intensity of silting, and flood hazard indicator), water quality (phosphorus load and nitrogen load), hydrogeological conditions (type of geological substratum for the reservoir basin and filtration losses), and safety of the reservoir dam. To develop a theoretical model describing the regularities between the indicators, multivariate statistical techniques were used, including the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Factor Analysis (FA). In order to assess the reservoirs, a synthetic indicator was developed to compare the reservoirs with each other in relation to the conditions. The Cluster Analysis (CA) was used for typological classification of homogeneous locations of projected small retention reservoirs. Own research procedure for identification of the most advantageous water reservoirs, with the use of multivariate statistical techniques, may be used as a tool supporting decision making in other facilities intended for implementation in provincial projects of small retention.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Wiatkowski
1
Barbara Wiatkowska
2
Łukasz Gruss
1
Czesława Rosik-Dulewska
3
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Tomczyk
1
Dawid Chłopek
1

  1. Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poland
  2. University of Opole, Institute of Socio-Economic Geography and Spatial Management, Poland
  3. Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences in Zabrze
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Abstract

In result of a lew years' investigations or silting of small water reservoirs located in South Poland, intensity ofthe silting process as well as the granulometrie and chemical composition ofbottorn sediments were evaluated. The content of heavy metals i.e. copper, lead and cadmium was determined in samples collected in various parts or five small water reservoirs. The content of heavy metals was appraised according to the regulation of the Minister of Environment, according to the criteria or Polish Geological Institute, of Inspection lor Environmental Protection, of Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, and according to the Muller's method. The obtained results or determination of the examined heavy metals concentrations were compared with the values or reservoir and river sediment concentrations determined by other authors in Europe. Appraisal or sill quality, respectively to the adopted criteria, showed only an insignificant degree of pollution. Concentrations ofmicroclemcnts do not exceed the toxic concentrations for soils and environment bul may have a harmful influence on living organisms. Recording of changes or heavy metal pollution during many years' operation or small water reservoirs, considering changes occurring in the basins, requires continuation of investigations. It will enable to record changes or pollution during a longer period or operation or reservoirs, also against the background 01· changes occurring in river basins.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bogusłąw Michalec
Marek Tarnawski
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Abstract

Physicochemical parameters of water and phytoplankton composition were studied in the dirnictic, submountain Dobczyce Reservoir (southern Poland) affected by summer storrnflow, which took place in September 2007. During summer (except September) temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and carbonates showed vertical differentiation. Stormwater flow through the system had a destabilizing effect on summer stratification. It diluted the concentrations of salts (sulphate and chloride) and slightly increased the concentration of nutrients in the reservoir. In phytoplankton some changes in the dominant species among the Cyanobacteria group were noted.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Szarek-Gwiazda
Grażyna Mazurkiewicz-Boroń
Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak

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