The use of graywater in households has become increasing popular. Socio-economic aspects of graywater vary from one place to another and they need to be investigated in order to predict whether graywater use can be accepted by people. The aim of this study is to investigate the social response in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, toward the reuse of graywater in households.
Results of 511 surveys among residents of the Gaza Strip revealed that about 84% of the interviewed people accepted the idea of using graywater. Knowing that installing a graywater system would cost about USD500.00 per family, people reversed their acceptance of 84% and the rejection rate reached about 90%. The situation returned back to the 84% acceptance rate when it was known that the cost paid by the resident would only be USD50.00, with the rest of the cost to be contributed by non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The study also revealed that water outage seemed to be the most compelling reason behind the feeling of having a water problem, which is encouraging for the future of graywater use because graywater can be a good alternative during times of water outage.

Tymczasowe zagospodarowanie lub wykreowanie przestrzeni publicznych staje się coraz bardziej powszechnym zjawiskiem, występującym zwłaszcza w dużych miastach. Jest to zjawisko pozostające niejako poza głównym nurtem zainteresowaniem badaczy urbanistyki współczesnych miast, jednak będące jednym z podstawowych elementów polityki miejskiej. Tymczasowe zagospodarowanie przestrzeni publicznych może mieć różne przyczyny: brak środków na docelowe zagospodarowanie, chęć spróbowania czy dany rodzaj funkcji sprawdzi się w wybranej lokalizacji, czy oddolne nie zawsze legalne działanie społeczne, wynikające z bieżących potrzeb mieszkańców lub użytkowników. Niektóre przestrzenie publiczne zagospodarowane tymczasowo pozostają w swojej formie i funkcji na dłużej, inne są demontowane lub po prostu się zużywają. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wybrane przykłady tymczasowych przestrzeni publicznych z europejskich miast.

Ciecz nadosoadowa przefermentowanych osadów ściekowych zawiera znaczne ilości fosforanów i azotu amonowego. Fosforany można praktycznie całkowicie usunąć w procesie strącania struwitu. Jednocześnie, jeżeli dodaje się tylko sole magnezu także niewielka część azotu amonowego ulega usunięciu. Podniesienie odczynu cieczy do wartości powyżej 8,5 prowadzi do występowania wolnego amoniaku wpływającego na kształt wytrącanych kryształów struwitu. Istotne usunięcie azotu amonowego możliwe jest przez dodatek nawozu - superfosfatu. W zależności od ilości dodanego superfosfatu otrzymany produkt stanowić może "bio-glebę" lub "bio-nawóz".

“Domani è un altro giorno” (Tomorrow is another day): the translation of “Via col vento” (Gone With the Wind) as an idiomatic channel – Gone With the Wind has contributed to the planet’s collective memory, not only because a great percentage of the world’s population has identified with the characters and the stories within, but also because, on a linguistic level, the novel has set in motion considerable reuse phenomena. One wonders how much and in what way the phraseology within the text has influenced contemporary Italian and how translators have approached the original text when preparing the Italian editions of the novel.

Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) in Long Term Evolution (LTE) can effectively eliminate intra-cell interferences between the subcarriers in a single serving cell. But, there is more critical issue that, OFDMA cannot accomplish to decrease the inter-cell interference. In our proposed method, we aimed to increase signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) by dividing the cells as cell center and cell edge. While decreasing the interference between cells, we also aimed to increase overall system throughput. For this reason, we proposed a dynamic resource allocation technique that is called Experience-Based Dynamic Soft Frequency Reuse (EBDSFR). We compared our proposed scheme with different resource allocation schemes that are Dynamic Inter-cellular Bandwidth Fair Sharing FFR (FFRDIBFS) and Dynamic Inter-cellular Bandwidth Fair Sharing Reuse-3 (Reuse3DIBFS). Simulation results indicate that, proposed EBDSFR benefits from overall cell throughput and obtains higher user fairness than the reference schemes.

This work aims to evaluate the treated wastewater from the activated sludge treatment plant in the City of Sidi Bel Ab-bes (North-Western Algeria) which is required for reuse in irrigation. The control of irrigated areas downstream is done based on a pedological study. Physico-chemical analysis such as (pH, BOD5, COD and SS) indicate results in Algerian and international standards required by the WHO. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio and Electrical Conductivity values of the treated wastewater belong to the C3-S1 class. The treated wastewater has a fairly good microbiological quality that meets Algerian standards. The helminth eggs are practically absent. The concentrations of heavy metals are much lower than the limits prescribed in the Algerian decrees. Therefore, the overall processing plant efficiency is satisfactory and has the char-acteristics of a good treated water quality for reuse in the field of irrigation while protecting the environment. The pedolo-gical study of the soil samples shows that the most dominant fraction is undeveloped calcimagnetic. The planned irrigation plain covers an area of about two thousand hectares. Depending on the crops to irrigate; the development and nature of the necessary or recommended improvements, the proposed irrigation perimeter could be classified into five categories in which only three categories are irrigable. Water projects have been proposed to ensure the irrigation of three subdivided sectors.

The aim of this study is to identify the constraints that affect the effective usage of the site waste management plan (SWMP). A substantial review of the literature was carried out to identify the constraining factors that affect the site waste management plan tool. Questionnaires were administered based on a five-point Likert scale and the data were assessed and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 28. The outcome showed that the knowledge of the SWMP is still very low in the Polish construction sector. Only 6% have a written SWMP while 16% have used this tool in their previous project. Hence, the need for the increased awareness of the SWMP as one of the waste management strategies. The lack of adequate monitoring and control of the SWMP, lack of awareness, time required for the preparation of the tool were identified as the top constraints. The solutions identified include; increased level of awareness and education, the inclusion of the SWMPas part of the contract documentation requirement, adequate training of the site personnel, and presence of waste manager.